Multimedia Technology lecture (2)Text.pptx

Multimedia Technology Course

1. Multimedia Technology Lecture (2) Text 1

2. Content Objectives. Introduction Multimedia Data Basics . Power of Meaning . About fonts and Faces . Using text in Multimedia. Computers and Text Font editing and Design tools . Unicode . 2

3. Multimedia Data Basics Multimedia systems/applications have to deal with the Generation of data, Manipulation of data, Storage of data, Presentation of data, and Communication of information/data 3

4. Multimedia Data Basics cont. All data must be in the form of digital information. The data may be in a variety of formats: text , graphics, images, audio, Video. 4

5. Temporal & Non Temporal Media Media  Refer to Multimedia elements.  Two Media types: Temporal and Non-Temporal Temporal Media or Continuous  The media has an associated time aspect or Time dependent Media. its view changes with respect to time.  Examples: Audio, video, animation, music etc. 5 Non-Temporal Media  Also known as a static media. It has the same representation regardless of time, or time independent.  Examples: texts, graphics, paintings, book etc  Multimedia applications are typically composed of both media

6. introduction Text is obviously the simplest of data types and requires the least amount of storage. Text in the form of words, sentences, and paragraphs is used to communicate thoughts, ideas, and facts in daily life. Text may not be as visually exciting as some of the other media types, but it often conveys essential and precise information. 6

7. Cont … Multimedia applications depend on text for many things including: - Page titles - Delivering information in form of multiple sentences / paragraphs - Labels for pictures - Instructions for operating the application Text is probably the most common form of information delivery. 7

8. Cont … Multimedia products depends on text for many things: - to explain how the application work - to guide the user in navigating through the application - deliver the information for which the application was Designed Texts consists of two structures:  Linear  Non-Linear 8

9. The power of meaning and importance of text Words must be chosen carefully Words appear in:  Titles  Menus  Navigational aids The power and Irregularity of English : - 1 Billion people used for their main, second and third language. - Type of English (written and spoken) - SMS and Tweeter language. Multimedia developers can explore new uses for text in a media-rich environment 9

10. Text in history Text came into use about 6,000 years ago. 10

11. Text elements Alphabet characters -A – Z and a – z Numbers - 0 – 9 Special characters - Punctuation (. , ; “ ‘ ! : - /) - Signs ($ + - = @ # % ^ & *) 11

12. Revolution in communication Using symbols for communication relatively recent - 6,000 years old 15th Century- Johann Gutenberg printing press revolutionized information. But today, text and the ability to read are doorways to power and Knowledge. Recently - another revolution - the World Wide Web and its native language - HTML 12

13. Obtaining Text Text can be captured in following ways: – Keyboard – Mouse – Scanner (OCR) – Optical Character Recognization * designed to translate images of handwritten or typewritten text (usually captured by a scanner) into machine-text. 13

14. text terminology Type terminology : Typeface Arial Courier Times Fonts Points Styles Leading Kerning 14

15. Fonts & Faces Typeface – Graphic representation or the shape of characters. A typeface is a family of related fonts – Example : Bookman Old Style • 15

16. Font Terminology Font – Collection of characters of different sizes and styles of a typeface. – Example : Arial 18 point Bold Baseline – the line on which the bases of characters are arranged Leading – the distance between successive baselines x-height – the distance between the baseline and the top of a lower- case letter x Ascenders/ descenders – strokes that rise above the x-height/drop below the baseline Kerning – adjustment of space between certain pairs of letters (e.g. AV) to make them look more uniform Font Terminology 16

17. Cont … – Tracking- Spacing between characters. – Regular, Condensed and Expanded – the body width of the font. – Cases : upper and lower. BALL vs ball 17 Computers can adjust : -The line spacing (called leading) and the space between pairs of letters, called kerning

18. Types of Fonts Two classes of fonts: Serif or Sans Serif  Serif fonts use decorative tips or flags at the ends of a letter strokes  Sans Serif fonts don’t have these features  Serif fonts are usually used for documents or screens that have large quantities of text - This is because the serif helps guide the reader’s eye along the text 18

19. Cont … For computer displays, Sans Serif fonts considered better. 19

20. Text Characteristics This example shows the Times New Roman font 20

21. Factor affecting legibility of text Size. Background and foreground color. Style. Leading (pronounced “ ledding ”). 21

22. Bitmapped and vector fonts Fonts can either be stored as bitmapped or vector graphics  Bitmaps font depend to the size and the pixel numbers - File size increases as more sizes are added  Vector fonts can draw any size by scaling the vector drawing primitives mathematically - File size is much smaller than bitmaps - TrueType and PostScript are vector font formats 22

23. Bitmapped and vector fonts 23

24. technique that can be used to improve the readability of text? 24

25. styles Examples of styles are boldface and italic Italic Bold Underlined C o l ou r s Strikethrough 25

26. Text Data Files The common data encoding schemes for text are:  Plain text (ASCII) is text in an electronic format that can be read and interpreted by humans  Rich text is similar but it also embeds special control characters into the text to provide additional features  Hypertext is an advance on rich text which allows the reader to jump to different sections within the document or even jump to a new document 26

27. Text Data Files 27

28. MULTIMEDIA TEXT Two main forms: Editable: text produced by word processors or text editors. – Easy to alter content. – Can search and spell check. Graphics: image of text that can be manipulated to produce a wide range of artistic effects. – Make original word picture. – Solves problem of installed fonts. 28

29. Using text in multimedia WYSIWYG - What you see is what you get! Aim for a balance between too much text and too little. Make web pages no more than 1 to 2 screen full of text Use menu text accompanied by a single action .This requires little training and is clean and immediate. Use text for titles, for menus, for navigations, and for content. 29

30. How text can be used effectively  Communicating Data - Customer names and address - Pricing information of products  Explaining concepts and ideas - A company mission statement - A comparison of medical procedures  Clarifying other media - Labels on button, icons and screens - Captions and callouts for graphics 30

31. Advantages and Disadvantages of using texts  Advantages  Is relatively inexpensive to produce  Present abstract ideas effectively  Clarifies other media  Provides confidentiality  Is easily changed or updated  Disadvantages  Is less memorable than other visual media  Requires more attention from the user than other media  Can be cumbersome 31

32. MULTIMEDIA TEXT & SOUND Speech recognition: software analyzes human speech and converts words to editable text. – Requires specialized "intelligent" software. – Accuracy may depend on training and speaker's voice. Speech synthesis: software analyzes text and reproduces it as spoken words 32

33. ADDING TEXT TO MULTIMEDIA APPS Several methods to incorporate text in a multimedia authoring application. Direct entry in a text box or text field. Copy and paste from existing text source. File import for large text files. Scan text with OCR application for text that exists only in print media. – Optical Character Recognition accuracy will vary based on fonts and quality of source material 33

34. Menus for navigation A Multimedia project or web site should include: content or information. navigation tools such as menus, mouse clicks, key presses or touch screen. 34

35. Buttons for interaction Buttons are objects that make things happen when they are clicked. In multimedia use common button shapes and sizes. Label them clearly And BE SURE THEY WORK! 35

36. Fields for reading Reading from a computer screen is slower than from a book. People blink 3-5 times/minute, using a computer and 20-25 times/minute reading a book. Try to present only a few paragraphs per page with font that’s legible. Display whole paragraph on screen 36

37. Portrait vs. landscape Monitor use wider-than-tall aspect ratios called landscape. Most books use taller-than- wide orientation, called portrait. Don’t try to shrink a full page onto a monitor. 37 Portrait landscape

38. Portrait vs. landscape Three possible solutions to work with a block of text that is taller than what will fit : 1. Put the text in a scrolling field (Web Browsers). 2. Put text into a single field or graphic image in a project window and let the user move up and down based on command. 3. Break the text into fields that fit on monitor – sized pages and design control buttons to flip through the pages. 38

39. eBooks, E-Reader and tablet computers eBooks are books digitized and formatted to be read using a E-Reader. E- Readers display text, graphics and multimedia– most using E-Ink screens between 5” and 10“ diagonal, some with touch screen, some with WiFi and some with 3G Connectivity. Ex: iPad, Sony Reader, Google Nexus,CyBook,Jet Book, Kindle ……. The E- Ink screen is a technology for “Electronic Paper”,designed to imitate the appearance of ordinary ink on paper. 39

40. Html document The standard document format used for displaying text pages on the Web is called Hyper Text Markup Language. We can specify typefaces, size, color and other properties by “Marking Up” the text in document using Tags. Ex : <B> This Content is Bold </B> Cascading Style Sheets work in conjunction with HTML and provide Fine tuning and control of text and layout. HTML Version 5 is a redesign that extend into multimedia delivery tool, making HTML no longer just a text display tool with assorted attachment and plugged in objects. 40

41. Computers and text During the infancy of the Macintosh Computer's monitor H/W, Apple chose to use a screen resolution of 72 Pixels per Inch which was a standard measurement of printing industry. Also each pixel was made square shaped, providing even measurements in all directions. Later Macintosh provided VGA  (Video Graphics Array) is video standard set for PC with 96 pixels per inch. VGA is an analog interface between a PC and monitor that was widely used prior to DVI, HDMI and DisplayPort . 41

42. Font foundries Typefaces are created at Foundry, a term much like case, that has carried over from times, when letters was poured into moulds to make letter faces. Special Interest Groups (SIG) at America Online where people enjoy designing and making interesting font, post them online for others to download. Sites : www.typequarry.com www.oldfonts.com www.myfonts.com www.will-barris.com 42

43. Character sets & alphabet The ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) Character set : Is a 7 bit character encoding system commonly used by computer system. ASCII assigns a number or value to 128 characters, including upper case, lower case, punctuation marks, Arabic numbers and mathematical symbols. It also includes characters used for device control messages like carriage return, tab and so on. Was invented and standardized for analog teletype communication early in the age of bits and bytes. 43

44. Extended character set A Byte consists of 8 bits. ASCII uses only 7 bits to code 128 characters, the 8th bit is left unused. This extra bit allows to encode another 128 values for an extended character set. This was filled by ANSI(American National Standards Institute) standard characters . 44

45. ASCII 45

46. Unicode Unicode – a 16 bit architecture of Multilingual text and character. Originally accommodated up to about 65000 characters to include characters from all known languages and alphabets in the world. Several languages share a set of symbols that have historically related derivation, the shared symbols of each language are unified into collection of symbols- Scripts A single script can work for many languages. Unicode standard includes more than 180000 Han Characters as well as obsolete alphabets such as Cuneiform, Hieroglyphs and Ancient Han Characters. 46

47. Summary 06/02/1446 BY: Fawzia Omer Albasheer 47