Mumps

Mumps

1. MUMPS

2. INTRODUCTION Mumps is a viral illness caused by a paramyxovirus, a member of the Rubella virus family. The average incubation period for mumps is 16 to 18 days, with a range of 12 to 25 days .

3. DEFINITION Mumps is an acute viral infection of childhood that typically involves swelling of one or both parotid glands, although many different organs can be infected .

4. INCIDENCE In India, sporadic cases and outbreak are reported throughout the year from all regions of the country. Ministry of health and family welfare, Government of India, has reported 45 outbreaks of mumps  

5. ETIOLOGY & RISK FACTORS caused by a virus – paramyxovirus Mumps in Vaccinated People Immune Deficiency After Vaccination Babies Born to Infected Mothers Viral Infection From Immunization

6. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Respiratory transmission of virus Replication in nasopharynx and regional lymph nodes Viremia 12 to 25 days after exposure with spread to tissues Multiple tissues infected during viremia

7. INCUBATION PERIOD The time between being exposed to the virus and getting sick (incubation period) is usually 12 - 24 days

8. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION An estimated 20%-30% of cases are asymptomatic. Fever Headache Sore throat Swelling of the parotid glands Swelling of the temples or jaw

9. ASESSMENT & DIAGNOSTIC EVAUATION History collection Physical Examination - confirms the presence of the swollen glands. No testing is usually required .

10. LAB TEST Pancreatic Enzyme Testing Spinal Fluid Sample and Culture Salivary Culture Antibody Tests Buccal Swab Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR )

11. Imaging Neck CT Brain CT or MRI Abdominal CT or Ultrasound Testicular Ultrasound

12. MANAGEMENT

13. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT paracetamol drug – whether liquid, melt-in-the-mouth, or soluble. The drug is available in different forms (liquid/tablet ) Non aspirin fever medications acetaminophen ibuprofen

14. NON PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT Monitor temperature warm or cold packs (Topical application ) Bed rest

15. DIETARY MANAGEMENT A light diet with plenty fluid intake is encouraged Acidic foods (such as tomato, vinegar-containing food additives) and liquids (such as orange juice) should be avoided to lessen oral pain and discomfort

16. NURSING MANAGEMENT

17. Nursing diagnosis Imbalanced nutrition less than body requirements related to infectious condition as evidenced by swelling, pain and difficulty in swallowing Acute pain related to inflammatory process.. Risk for deficient fluid volume related to disease condition such as swelling and difficulty in swallowing Anxiety related to change in health status. Hyperthermia related to inflammatory process as evidenced by rise in body temperature .

18. Nursing intervention Provide analgesics and apply warm or cool compresses to the neck area to relieve pain Give antibiotics and tapid sponge bath for fever Increase fluid intake to prevent dehydration Provide a high calorie, nutritionally rich soft or liquid food frequently Avoid spicy, sour food that stimulate salivation or require the act of chewing Measure body weight daily Closely observe for complications

19. VACCINATION MMR ( 0.5 mL . / subcutaneous route)   2 doses : at age 12–15 months at age 4–6 years MMRV (0.5 mL . / subcutaneous route)

20. HEALTH EDUCATION   When  to  Call  the  Doctor : Call  the  doctor  if  you  suspect  that  your  child  has   mumps   If  your  child  has  been  diagnosed  with  mumps,  keep   track  of  his  or  her  temperature  and  call  the  doctor  if   goes  above  101°  (38.3°  Celsius)   Mumps  can  also  involve  the  brain  and  its  membranes,   call the  doctor  immediately  if  your  child  has  any  of   the  following:     s:ff  neck,  convulsions  (seizures),  extreme   drowsiness,  severe  headache,  or  changes  of   consciousness   

21. COMPLICATIONS meningitis Encephalitis Orchitis Hearing loss  

22. CONCLUSION For a more thorough diagnosis when suspecting that your child may have mumps, consult a paediatric specialist. Ensure medicine dosage is followed according to prescriptions. Contact the parents of other children who may have come in contact with your child during the days leading up to a diagnosed case of the mumps, since the virus is contagious. Act quickly when diagnosed to ensure effective treatment