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1. MUSHROOM: FOOD: SUBSTRATE (Material on which it is grown) CYCLE : SPORE GERMINATION - COLONISATION - FRUITING - SPORULATION MAJOR TYPES : OYSTER, SHIITAKE, BUTTON, LION’S MANE CULTIVATION METHODS : 1.LOG : Drilling of holes into hardwood followed by wax sealing and incubation 2.BED/OUTDOOR : Mixing of spawns into wood strips,straws in outdoor 3.INDOOR : Mixing of spawn and substrate in bags,trays or jars 4.HYDROPONICS : Substrates like straw or sawdust in hydroponics system 5.COMMERCIAL : Highly controllable gowing environment AFFECTED BY : CAPPING (Cap fails to expand uniformly - improper shape), TEMPERATURE, HUMIDITY, LIGHT, SUBSTRATE QUALITY .

2. BUTTON MUSHROOM : A GRO - CLIMATIC REQUIREMENTS : Vegetative (20-2 8 C) and Reproductive( 12-18 C ) V ARIETIES/STRAINS : Ooy 1 and Ooty (BM) 2 C ULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY : Spawn Production : Fruiting culture/Stock Culture Compost Preparation : Each ton of compost should contain 6.6 kg nitrogen, 2.0 kg phosphate and 5.0 kg of potassium converted into 1.98% N, 0.62% P and 1.5% K on a dry weight basis. Spawning : i.Spot spawning ii.Surface spawning iii.Layer spawning Spawn Running : Fungal bodies grows out of spawn covered with polythene bags Casing : Compost beds covered with a layer of soil (3-4 cm thick) - Peat moss Fruiting : Pin heads starts to grow and gradually develops into button stage P EST & DISEASES : Nematodes - Brown spot, white moulds HARVESTING : Slight twisting without disturbing the casing soil during the button stage P OST HARVEST MANAGEMENT : Short Term Storage : Stored in polythene bags at 4-50 C for a short period of 3-4 days Long Term Storage : Canning and Freeze drying .

3. OYSTER MUSHROOM : SEASON AND VARIETIES : Cultivation - Indoor . White and Grey Oyster (suitable in TN) MUSHROOM HOUSE : i. Spawn running room : 25-30 C and No light is required Ii. Cropping room : 23-25 C, RH above 75-80% with moderate light SPAWN : Suitable substrate: Sorghum, Maize or, Wheat grains Preparation of spawn: Half cooked grains, air dried, mixed with calcium carbonate powder at 2% level, fill the grains in empty glucose drip bottles, plug with cotton and sterilize in cooker for 2 hours. PREPARATION OF MUSHROOM BED : Suitable substrate : Paddy/wheat straw, sugarcane bag case Cooking of substrate : Cut into 5 cm bits, soak in potable water for 5 hrs, boil water for one hour, drain the water, air dry to 65% moisture (no water drips when squeezed between hands) Preparation of bags HARVEST : Pin head appear on 3rd day of opening of bed and mature in 3 days

4. REFERENCES : https://chat.openai.com/c/b6d26bd1-0eac-4f18-aed5-73e255e4c445 https://www.mycologic.nz/life-cycle#:~:text=There%20are%20four%20basic%20stages,one%20step%20at%20a%20time.&text=This%20process%20of%20mycelium%20spreading%20through%20a%20substrate%20is%20called%20colonisation. https://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/farm-based-enterprises/mushroom-production/oyster-mushroom-production https://dmrsolan.icar.gov.in/mushroomprofile/Button_Mushroom/button_mushroom.html https://krishi.icar.gov.in/PDF/Selected_Tech/horticulture/25-Horticulture-Mushroom(white%20button)%20cultivation.pdf