Muslims contribution to science and technology

Muslim scholars calculated the angle of the ecliptic; measured the size of the Earth; calculated the precession of the equinoxes; explained, in the field of optics and physics, such phenomena as refraction of light, gravity, capillary attraction, and twilight; and developed observatories for the empirical study of heavenly bodies.

1. MUSLIMS CONTRIBUTION TO SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY The Topic:

2. The history of Europe typically divide the development of Western civilization 1) Greek period 2) Roman period 3) Early Middle Ages 4) High Middle Ages 5) Renaissance 6) Industrial Revolution and Twentieth century

3. During the Middle Ages: Islamic scholars made advances in mathematics, medicine, astronomy, engineering and many other fields…….

4. In medicine: Muslim physicians contributed significantly to the field of medicine. Al Razi: emphasized clinical medicine and diagnosis identify and treat of smallpox By alcohol as an anti septic. medical authority in West up to the 18th century .

5. Al Zohrawi: In Medical: Known as abulcasis in the west. Father of surgery. Instruments of surgery. 200 tools of surgery. Al-Tasrif was translated as The method of medicine. Al-Tasrif translated into Latin. His discoveries are authentic in medical science.

6. In Mathematical science : Khayyam: Fundamental contribution to the philosophy of mathematics. important works on geometry. Theory of proportion. Derived the general method For the cubic equation. Also conic section.

7. I n architectural: Muslims combined the technology of nature and art. Muslims made many masterpiece in architecture. They made many building. Some of them have very historical importance. Some master pieces are these….

8. 1) Cordoba mosque This mosque is in the Spain. This mosque has a great importance. In this marble and granite is used. The main hall of the mosque is very large. Pictures show the hall and the top view of this.

9. 2) Taj mehal The material for this was taken from all over the India and Asia. More then 1000 elephant and 20000 workers was used. More then 2 million visitors come every year.

10. In chemistry: Gaber: He contributed a lot of in chemistry. He gave new ideas. Sulphuric acid. Father of chemistry. Aqua regia .

11. In Physics: Ibn-e-sina: In mechanics: Elaborated theory of motion. He made a distinction between force of projectile and inclination. In optics: he urged that light has some speed.

12. Closing: The Muslim world has contributed to science in a very large extent. They not only preserved, but also added to the achievements in medicine. They have fostered the flame of civilization, made it brighter, and handed it over to Europe in the best possible condition. Europe, in turn, passed it to the United States of America, and it will continue like that for the time to come. Thanks ….