Myocarditis

Nursing care of patient with Myocarditis.

1. Myocarditis Mr Veerabhadra.B.Badiger Asst Professor Dept of Medical Surgical Nsg . 1 [email protected]

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3. Myocarditis Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle (myocardium). Myocarditis can affect heart muscle and heart's electrical conduction system , reducing heart's ability to pump and causing rapid or abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) 3 [email protected]

4. The incidence of myocarditis is estimated to be 1 to 10 cases per 100,000 persons Patients may develop dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure . 4 [email protected]

5. Causes for myocarditis Infection viral adenovirus ,COVID-19, hepatitis B and C; parvovirus, Bacterial (staphylococcus, streptococcus) Mycotic , Parasitic Trypanosoma cruzi and toxoplasma , protozoal , or spirochetal infection. 5 [email protected]

6. Fungal Yeast infections, candida , aspergillus ; histoplasma Systemic infections such as rheumatic fever Immunosuppressive therapy. Auto immune disorder. Infective endocarditis . Allergic drug reaction ex:-penicillin and sulfonamide drugs 6 [email protected]

7. Clinical features Chest pain Rapid or abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) Shortness of breath Edema in legs, ankles and feet Fatigue Other signs and symptoms such as a Headache, body aches, joint pain, fever, a sore throat diarrhea 7 [email protected]

8. Diagnostic studies History collection Physical examination. Blood testing : CBC , RFT, LFT, CRP , cardiac enzymes Chest x-ray : to show chest anatomy and potential signs of heart failure Electrocardiogram (ECG) : to detect abnormal heart rates and rhythms 8 [email protected]

9. Echocardiogram (ultrasound imaging of the heart) : to help detect structural or functional issues in the heart and adjacent vessels Myocardial biopsy (sampling of heart muscle tissue) : may be performed during a cardiac catheterization to allow the doctor to examine a small piece of muscular tissue from the heart 9 [email protected]

10. Management Treatment for myocarditis may include: Corticosteroid therapy (to help reduce inflammation) Cardiac medications , such as a beta-blocker, ACE inhibitor, Rest, fluid restriction, and a low-salt diet Diuretic therapy to treat fluid overload Antibiotic therapy 10 [email protected]

11. Treating severe cases In some severe cases of myocarditis , aggressive treatment might include: Ventricular assist devices.   Ventricular assist devices (VADs) are mechanical pumps that help pump blood from the lower chambers of heart (the ventricles) to the rest of body. VADs are used in people who have weakened hearts or heart failure. This treatment may be used to allow the heart to recover or while waiting for other treatments, such as a heart transplant. 11 [email protected]

12. Intra-aortic balloon pump.  Doctors insert a catheter in a blood vessel in leg and guide it to heart using X-ray imaging. Doctors place a balloon attached to the end of the catheter in the main artery leading out to aorta. As the balloon inflates and deflates, it helps to increase blood flow and decrease the workload on the heart. 12 [email protected]

13. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).  With severe heart failure, this device can provide oxygen to the body. When blood is removed from the body, it passes through a special membrane in the ECMO machine that removes carbon dioxide and adds oxygen to the blood. The newly oxygenated blood is then returned to the body. 13 [email protected] Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

14. Nursing diagnosis Acute Pain related to infection & inflammation. Risk for Decreased Cardiac Output related to myocardial infection. Risk for Ineffective Tissue Perfusion reduced blood pressure. Deficient Knowledge Activcity Intolerance related to imbalance between oxygen supply (delivery) and demand Fear/Anxiety 14 [email protected]

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