nano ceramics and composites

nano ceramics and composites properties,preparation and applications

1. INTRODUCTION TO NANO SCIENCE NANOCERAMICS AND COMPOSITES INTRODUCTION TO NANO SCIENCE NANOCERAMICS AND NANOCOMPOSITES Present by ARAVINTH.D I st MSc Department of NanoScience and Technology Alagappa university Karaikudi

2. CONTENTS NANOTRUSS NANO CERAMICS PREPARATION PROPERTIES APPLICATIONS NANO COMPOSITES PRAPARATION PROPERTIES APPLICATIONS CONCLUSION

3. Nano truss M ore than 85% air and is very light strong F lexible and durable M ade of  alumina , or  aluminum oxide I t can revert to its original shape without any structural damage . Its maximum compression is about 1 micron from a thickness of 50 nanometers

4. NANO CERAMICS

5. Introduction Nanoceramic  is a type of  nanoparticle  that is composed of  ceramics . Nanoceramics were discovered in the early 1980s. They were formed using a process called  sol-gel  which mixes nanoparticles within a solution and gel to form the nanoparticle. It generally classified as inorganic, heat-resistant, nonmetallic solids made of both metallic and nonmetallic compounds

6. Preparation Physical Methods Vapor condensation methods Spray pyrolysis Chemical Methods Sol-gel technique Reverse micro emulsions/micelles method Precipitation from solutions

7. Material Processing by Sol-Gel Method Introduction The sol-gel process is very long known since the late 18 th century. T he technique has been rediscovered in the early 1970s when glasses where produced without high temperature melting processes . This made possible the organic modification of silicon compounds (ORMOSIL), which cannot withstand high temperatures. Sol-gel is a chemical solution process used to make ceramic and glass materials in the form of thin films, fibers , or powders

8. The sol-gel approach is interesting in that it is a cheap and low-temperature technique that allows for the fine control on the product’s chemical composition as even small quantities of dopants, such as organic dyes and rare earth metals, can be introduced in the sol and end up in the final product finely dispersed. An overview of the sol-gel process is presented in a simple graphic work below.

9. SYNTHESIS BY SOL-GEL METHOD

10. Advantages of Sol-Gel Technique : Can produce thick coating to provide corrosion protection performance Can easily shape materials into complex geometries in a gel state. Can produce high purity products because the organo -metallic precursor of the desired ceramic oxides can be mixed, dissolved in a specified solvent and hydrolyzed into a sol, and subsequently a gel, the composition can be highly controllable. Can have low temperature sintering capability, usually 200-600°C . Can provide a simple, economic and effective method to produce high quality coatings.

11. Nano ceramics properties Macroscale   ceramics are brittle and rigid and break upon impact . Nanoceramics take on a larger variety of functions Dielectric Ferroelectric S uperconductive M agnetoresistive electro-optical

12. Applications of Nano Ceramics Medical technology used nanoceramics for bone repair  It has been suggested for areas including energy supply and storage, communication, transportation systems, construction and medical technology . Nano trusses may be eventually applicable for building materials, replacing concrete or steel

13. Paint Technology Anti scratch UV stable Prevents corrosion Non toxic Last upto 25years Easy to clean Protective coat

14. NANO COMPOSITES

15. Introduction What are composites?? word “composite” means “made of two or more different parts .” (or) A composite is a combination of two or more different materials that are mixed in an effort to blend the best properties of both.

16. What are Nanocomposites ? A Nanocomposite is a composite material, in which one of the components has at least one dimension that is around 10 -9 m (or) A Nanocomposite is a multiphase solid material where one of the phases has one, two or three dimensions of less than 100 nm, or structure having Nano-scale repeat distance between the different phases that make up the material.

17. General characteristics continuous phase is called “matrix”, where as discontinuous phase is called “reinforcement" or “reinforcing material ”. consist of one or more discontinuous phases of distributed in one continuous phase.

18. Properties of Nano Composites Tiny particles with very high aspect ratio, and hence larger surface area Larger surface area enables better adhesion with the matrix / surface Improvement in the mechanical performance of the parent material Better transparency due to small size

19. Preparation of Nano composites Sol-gel process Electro spinning

20. Classification of nanocomposites

21. Non-Polymer based Nano composites Metal/Metal nanocomposites ( either in the form of alloy or core-shell structure) Eg . Pt-Ru Metal/Ceramic nanocomposites ( either in the form of nanotube or complicated nanostructure ) Eg . Polysilazane / polysiloxane Ceramic/Ceramic nanocomposites ( alloy or ceramic) Eg . Zirconia-toughened alumina

22. Polymer based Nano composites Polymer/Ceramic Nanocomposites (Layer structure) Eg . Barium- titanate with polymers Inorganic/Organic Polymer nanocomposites ( clusters) Eg . Polymer nanofiber with zero valent nanoparticles . Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Nanocomposites ( Nanocrystal ) Eg . CdS nanocrystals , Poly N- vinyl carbozole - photo refractivity.

23. Cont.….. Polymer/ layered silicate nanocomposites Eg . Nylon-6 (N6)/ montmorillonite (MMT) with silicate Polymer/Polymer nanocomposites ( fillers) Eg . Poly( p- phinylene oxide )- plastic scrap recycling Biocomposites Eg . Elastin- collagen

24. Why Polymer Nano composites are unique?? Increase in electrical break down strength of polymers. Melting temperature, color , magnetization and charge capacity is more . interacting Zone is increasing such that we can get our expected property.

25. Applications E lectro catalyst in batteries for energy saving L ight weight materials for less fuel consumption. In artificial joints, economically beneficial Carbon nanotubes most widely speaking nanomaterial which can be made as nanocomposite fibers . Abrasion and wear Applications Marine Application Making lightweight sensors with Nano composites

26. Cont.… Food packaging Fuel tanks Films Environmental protection Flame ability reaction Erosion and corrosion Applications

27. Conclusion Nano composites are upcoming materials which shows the great changes in all the industrial fields and it is also going to be a economical barrier for developing countries as a tool of Nanotechnology

28. Reference Wikipedia Hand book of nanoceramics and Nano composite coating and materials edited by A bdel salam and Dieter scharnweber Hand book of nanoceramics and their based Nano devices; electric applications by H ari singh nalwa