Nanomaterial and their application

Nanomaterial and their application:
Introduction to nanoscience
Density of states
Bottom up and Top down method
Synthesis method
Application

1. Nanomaterial and their Applications Submitted by: Preeti choudhary [email protected] Roll No.: 21700304

2. Content What is a Nanoparticle? Nanomaterial Dimension Why small is good? Surface area to volume ratio Top down & Bottom up Approach Applications C onclusion

3. Talk given to the American Physical Society, 1959 There’s plenty of Room at the Bottom

4. Introduction to Nanoscience ? Nano – Derived from a Greek word “ Nanos ” meaning Dwarf or small. A nanometer is one billionth of a meter (10 ˉ⁹ m ). Nanometer scale range from approximately 100 nm to 1nm. Nanoscience : It is the study of phenomena and manipulation of materials at atomic, molecular and macromolecular scales, where properties differ significantly from those at a larger scale . Ref: Introduction to Nanoscience : S. M. Lindsay, Oxford , 2010.

5. Ref: Written by lusia filipponi and duncan sutherland interdisplinary nanoscience centre ( iNANO ) Aarhus university, denmark september 2010 Nanomaterial: It could be defined as those materials which have structured components with size less than 100nm at least in one dimension. Nanotechnology : It can be define as the design, characterisation, production and application of structures, devices and systems by controlling shape and size at the nanometer scale.

6. Fig 1: From macro-materials to atoms. Nanomaterials and nanodevices that are of interest in nanotechnologies are in the lower end of the scale(1-100nm) nanoscale Ref: lusia filipponi and duncan sutherland interdisplinary nanoscience centre ( iNANO ) Aarhus university, denmark september 2010

7. Ref:Written by lusia filipponi and duncan sutherland interdisplinary nanoscience centre ( iNANO ) Aarhus university, denmark september 2010 Fig 2: Comparison between human fingernail & men’s beard growth.

8. Fig 3: Density of states g(E) VS Energy (E) for four quantum structures. Ref: Source: Introduction to Nanoscience : S. M. Lindsay, Oxford , 2010 . Quantum Mechanics for Nanostructures : Vladimir V. Mitin , Dimitry I. Sementsov & Nizami Z. Vagidov , Cambridge , 2010.

9. Why small is good? Faster Lighter Can get into small spaces Cheaper More energy efficient Different properties at very small scale

10. Properties of a Material A property describes how a material acts under certain conditions. Types of properties: Optical (e.g. color). Electrical (e.g. conductivity). Physical (e.g. melting point). Chemical (e.g. reaction rate). Structural (e.g. Surface morphology) Ref: Written by lusia filipponi and duncan sutherland interdisplinary nanoscience centre ( iNANO ) Aarhus university, denmark september 2010

11. Surface to Volume Ratio Increases Ref: http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/GRAPHIC0/GEOMORPH/SurfaceVol0.gif S. Shibata, K. Aoki, T. Yano and M. Yamane, Journal of solgel science and Technology, 11, 279, (1998). As surface to volume ratio increases A greater amount of a substance comes in contact with surrounding material. This results in better catalysts, since a greater proportion of the material is exposed for potential reaction.

12. There are basically two routes: a top-down approach and a bottom-up approach. Top-down approach: Building something by starting with a larger component and carving away material ( like a sculpture). In Nanotechnology: Patterning ( using photolithography) and etching away material, as in building integrated circuits. Bottom-up approach: Building something by assembling smaller components (like building a car engine), atom by atom assembly. In nanotechnology: self-assembly of atoms and molecules, as in chemical and biological systems. What are the possible approaches to making Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies?

13. Synthesis Methods Chemical method Sol-Gel Method Condensation method Sol Method Hydrothermal Method Solvothermal Method Physical method: Ball milling Thermal decomposition Plasma arcing Evaporative deposition Electron beam physical vapour deposition Sputter deposition Cathodic arc deposition Pulsed laser deposition

14. Application of Nanomaterials

15. Future Applications Electronics Coatings Fuel Cells Water filters Composites Drugs Cancer Detection & Treatment

16. Nanomaterial having enhanced properties as compared to bulk material. Nanomaterial is cost effective and can easily be implemented in the lab. Nanomaterial implemented by several approach using chemical and physical method. The study revealed that the nanoparticle plays an important role in future research and its enhanced application gives us new vision to the see world. Conclusion

17. Thank-you  Have a nice day!!