Nanotechnology And its Application in various field.

Nanotechnology from history to future.
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1. Welcome

2. Nanotechnology The Next Very Big ( Small ) Thing BY:- HAMID ABBAS

3. Agenda Introduction To Nanotechnology Nanotechnology In Today's Life Advantages Of Nanotechnology Disadvantages Of Nanotechnology Future Of Nanotechnology

4. What Is Nanotechnology

5. “Nanotechnology is the art and science of manipulating matter at the nanoscale” What is Nanotechnology?

6. How Small Is Nanoscale

7. A nanometer is… one billionth of a meter How Small Is Nanoscale? Human Hair: Approx. 1x10 5 nm DNA Sample: Approx . 2 nm

8. How Small Is Nanoscale?

9. History The first ever concept was presented in 1959 by the famous professor of physics Dr. Richard P . Feynman . Invention of the  scanning tunneling microscope   in 1981 and the discovery of fullerene (C60) in 1985 lead to the emergence of nanotechnology.   The term “Nano-technology" had been coined by Norio Taniguchi in 1974. There’s plenty of room at the bottom

10. The early 2000s also saw the beginnings of commercial applications of nanotechnology, although these were limited to bulk application of nanomaterials . In 1999, Mihail Roco formally proposed the National Nanotechnology Initiative to the  Office of Science and Technology Policy  during the Clinton administration in 1999. In 2000 also the Govt. moves to promote and fund research in nanotechnologies , thus from there generation of Nanotechnology begins.

11. Scanning T unneling Microscope (1981) Fullerenes (1985) Engines of Creation (Book published in 1986) Early Inventions

12. Generations of NANOTECHNOLOGY

13. Who Cares About Nanotechnology Should I...?

14. We All Should Care! Because it can bring revolution in the current industrialization and manufacturing processes. Who Cares About Nanotechnology ?

15. Who Cares About Nanotechnology ?

16. Applications Of Nanotechnology

17. Applications by type:- Nanomedicine Nanobiotechnology Green nanotechnology Energy applications of nanotechnology Potential applications of carbon nanotubes Nanoart

18. Nanomedicine : is the medical application of  nanotechnology .   Nanomedicine ranges from the medical applications of  nanomaterials  and  biological devices , to  nanoelectronic  biosensors, and even possible future applications of  molecular nanotechnology  such as  biological machines . Current problems for nanomedicine involve understanding the issues related to  toxicity  and  environmental impact  of  nanoscale materials  (materials whose structure is on the scale of nanometers , i.e. billionths of a  meter ). Functionalities can be added to nanomaterials by interfacing them with biological molecules or structures. The size of nanomaterials is similar to that of most biological molecules and structures; therefore, nanomaterials can be useful for both in vivo and in vitro biomedical research and applications. Thus far, the integration of nanomaterials with biology has led to the development of diagnostic devices, contrast agents, analytical tools, physical therapy applications, and drug delivery vehicles.

19. Nanomedicine seeks to deliver a valuable set of research tools and clinically useful devices in the near future .  The  National Nanotechnology Initiative  expects new commercial applications in the  pharmaceutical industry  that may include advanced drug delivery systems, new therapies, and  in vivo  imaging .   Nanomedicine research is receiving funding from the US  National Institutes of Health Common Fund  program, supporting four nanomedicine development centers . Nanomedicine sales reached $16 billion in 2015 , with a minimum of $3.8 billion in nanotechnology R&D being invested every year. Global funding for emerging nanotechnology increased by 45% per year in recent years, with product sales exceeding $1 trillion in 2013. As the nanomedicine industry continues to grow, it is expected to have a significant impact on the economy.

20. Nanobiotechnology / bionanotechnology / nanobiology  are terms that refer to the intersection of  nanotechnology  and  biology .Given that the subject is one that has only emerged very recently, bionanotechnology and nanobiotechnology serve as blanket terms for various related technologies. This discipline helps to indicate the merger of biological research with various fields of nanotechnology. Concepts that are enhanced through  nanobiology  include:  nanodevices  (such as  biological machines ),  nanoparticles , and nanoscale phenomena that occurs within the discipline of nanotechnology. This technical approach to biology allows scientists to imagine and create systems that can be used for biological research. Biologically inspired nanotechnology uses biological systems as the inspirations for technologies not yet created. However , as with nanotechnology and  biotechnology , bionanotechnology does have many  potential ethical issues  associated with it.

21. The most important objectives that are frequently found in nanobiology involve applying nanotools to relevant medical/biological problems and refining these applications. Developing new tools, such as  peptoid nanosheets , for medical and biological purposes is another primary objective in nanotechnology. New nanotools are often made by refining the applications of the nanotools that are already being used. The imaging of native  biomolecules ,  biological membranes , and tissues is also a major topic for the nanobiology researchers. Other topics concerning nanobiology include the use of  cantilever  array sensors and the application of  nanophotonics  for manipulating molecular processes in living cells . Recently, the use of  microorganisms  to synthesize functional nanoparticles has been of great interest. Microorganisms can change the oxidation state of metals. These microbial processes have opened up new opportunities for us to explore novel applications, for example, the biosynthesis of metal nanomaterials . In contrast to chemical and physical methods, microbial processes for synthesizing nanomaterials can be achieved in aqueous phase under gentle and environmentally benign conditions. This approach has become an attractive focus in current green bionanotechnology research towards sustainable development .

22. DNA nanotechnology involves forming artificial,  designed  nanostructures

23. SEM study and EDX analysis of ZnO NPs and ZnO- thiram treated fungi hyphae.

24. Green nanotechnology  : It refers to the use of  nanotechnology  to enhance the environmental sustainability of processes producing  negative externalities . It also refers to the use of the products of nanotechnology to enhance  sustainability . It includes making green nano -products and using nano -products in support of sustainability. Green nanotechnology has been described as the development of  clean technologies , "to minimize potential environmental and human health risks associated with the manufacture and use of nanotechnology products, and to encourage replacement of existing products with new nano -products that are more environmentally friendly throughout their  lifecycle .

25. Schematic diagram of residue-free green nanotechnology enhanced the pesticide efficiency and ensured food safety and public health.

26. NanoArt  is a novel  art  discipline related to  science  and  technology . It depicts natural or synthetic structures with features sized at the  nanometer  scale, which are observed by  electron  or  scanning probe microscopy  techniques in scientific laboratories. The recorded two or three dimensional images and movies are processed for artistic appeal and presented to the general audience. One of the aims of NanoArt is to familiarize people with  nanoscale  objects and advances in their synthesis and manipulation. NanoArt has been presented at traditional art exhibitions around the world. Besides, online competitions have been launched in the 2000s such as the “NANO” 2003 show at  Los Angeles County Museum of Art  and “ Nanomandala ”, the 2004 and 2005 installations in New York and Rome by  Victoria Vesna  and  James Gimzewski , [1]  and the regular "Science as Art" section launched at the 2006 Materials Research Society Meeting. [2] [3]

27. Colorized  scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of  pollen  from a variety of common plants:  sunflower ,  morning glory ,  hollyhock ,  lily ,  primrose  and  castor bean Colorized SEM image of a  rust mite

28. Nanobots Close to the scale of 10 -9 . Largely in R&d phase . Nanobots of 1.5 nanometers across, capable of counting specific molecules in a chemical sample.   Since nanorobots would be microscopic in size, it would probably be necessary for very large numbers of them to work together to perform microscopic and macroscopic tasks. Capable of replication using environmental resources . Application: Detection of toxic components in environment. In drug delivery. Biomedical instrumention .

29. Nanotechnology in Drugs(Cancer) Provide new options for drug delivery and drug therapies. Enable drugs to be delivered to precisely the right location in the body and release drug doses on a predetermined schedule for optimal treatment. Attach the drug to a nanosized carrier. They become localized at the disease site, i.e cancer tumour . Then they release medicine that kills the tumour . Current treatment is through radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Nanobots can clear the blockage in arteries.

30. Nanotechnology in Mobile Morph, a nanotechnology concept device developed by Nokia Research Center (NRC) and the University of Cambridge (UK). The Morph will be super hydrophobic making it extremely dirt repellent. It will be able to charge itself from available light sources using photovoltaic nanowire grass covering it's surface. Nanoscale electronics also allow stretching. Nokia envisage that a nanoscale mesh of fibers will allow our mobile devices to be bent, stretched and folded into any number of conceivable shapes.

31. Nanotechnology in Electronics Electrodes made from nanowires enable flat panel displays to be flexible as well as thinner than current flat panel displays. Nanolithography is used for fabrication of chips. The transistors are made of nanowires , that are assembled on glass or thin films of flexible plastic. E-paper, displays on sunglasses and map on car windshields.

32. Nanotechnology in computers The silicon transistors in your computer may be replaced by transistors based on carbon nanotubes . A carbon nanotube is a molecule in form of a hollow cylinder with a diameter of around a nanometer which consists of pure carbon. Nanorods is a upcoming technology in the displays techniques due to less consumption of electricity and less heat emission. Size of the microprocessors are reduced to greater extend.  Researchers at North Carolina State University says that growing arrays of magnetic nanoparticles , called nanodots .

33. Advantages

34. Material With NT, we can create unique materials and products which are: Stronger Lighter Cheaper Durable Precise Advantages

35. Industrial Computers can become a billion times faster and a million times smaller Automatic Pollution Cleanup Manufacturing at almost no cost Advantages

36. Medical End of Illnesses (i.e. cancer, heart disease) Universal Immunity (i.e. aids, flu) Body Sculpting (i.e. change your appearance) Advantages

37. Disadvantages

38. Loss of jobs (in manufacturing, farming, etc) Carbon Nanotubes could cause infection of lungs Oil & Diamonds could become worthless Atomic weapons could be more accessible and destructive Disadvantages

39. Disadvantages Nano-particles can get into the body through the skin, lungs and digestive system, thus creating free radicals that can cause cell damage. Once nano -particles are in the bloodstream, they will be able to cross the blood-brain barrier. The most dangerous Nano -application use for military purposes is the Nano -bomb that contain engineered self multiplying deadly viruses that can continue to wipe out a community, country or even a civilization. Nanobots because of their replicating behavior can be big threat for GRAY GOO.

40. Future of Nanotechnology

41. Nanotechs can be used as or in:- Electronic Paper Nokia Morph Contact Lens Future Of Nanotechnology

42. National Science and Technology Council (USA) claims that: “Nanotechnology is an enabling technology that will change the nature of almost every human-made object in the next century.” Future Of Nanotechnology

43. Future Of Nanotechnology Nanotechnology may make it possible to manufacture lighter, stronger, and programmable materials that require less energy to produce than conventional material and that promise greater fuel efficiency in land transportation, ships, aircraft, and space vehicles. The future of nanotechnology could very well include the use of nanorobotics . These nanorobots have the potential to take on human tasks as well as tasks that humans could never complete. The rebuilding of the depleted ozone layer could potentially be able to be performed.

44. Morph: Nokia’s Nanotechnology Concept Phone http://tini.us/morph Wikipedia NT Portal http://tini.us/nano Image Credits http://sxc.hu/ References

45. Bottom Line "The Next Big Thing Is Really Small”

46. Thank you …