Narcotic Analgesic.pdf opiods agonists anatgonists

Narcotic Analgesic.pdf opiods agonists anatgonists
• Narcotic analgesics are medications that act on the central
nervous system to relieve pain and induce sedation.
• They are derived from opium or synthetic compounds that
mimic the effects of natural opioids.
• Opioids interact with opioid receptors in the brain, spinal
cord, and other areas to alter the perception and response
to pain.
Classification
•Natural Compound:
Morphine
Codeine
Papaverine
Classification

1. Narcotic Analgesic/Opioids
ZeshanAli Siddiqui

2. Narcotics Analgesic/Opioids
•Narcotic analgesics are medications that act on the central
nervous system to relieve pain and induce sedation.
•They are derived from opium or synthetic compounds that
mimic the effects of natural opioids.
•Opioids interact with opioid receptors in the brain, spinal
cord, and other areas to alter the perception and response
to pain.

3. Classification
•Natural Compound:
Morphine
Codeine
Papaverine

4. Classification
•Semi-Synthetic
Diacetylmorphine (Heroin)
Benzylmorphine
Ethylmorphine

5. Classification
•Synthetic Derivatives
Fentanyl
Pethidine
Methadonne
Tramadol
Propoxyphene

6. Mechanism of Action
•Narcotic analgesics bind to opioid receptors, primarily the
mu-opioid receptors, located in the brain and spinal cord.
•Activation of these receptors inhibits the transmission of
pain signals and modulates pain perception.
•Opioids also affect the reward pathways in the brain,
leading to potential risks of tolerance, dependence, and
addiction.

7. Uses and Side Effects
Drug Uses Side Effect
Morphine Widely used for acuteand
chronic pain
Sedation, Respiratory depression,
Tolerance and dependence
Euphoria
Methadone Chronic pain, Maintenance of
addicts
As Morphinebut little euphoric
effect, Accumulation may occur
because of long half life.
Pethidine Acute pain As morphine,Anticholinergic
effects, Risk of excitement and
convulsions
Pentazocine Mainly Acutepain Irritationat injection site, May
precipitate.

8. Uses and Side Effects
Drug Uses Side Effects
Fentanyl Acute pain, Anesthesia As morphine
Codeine Mild pain Mainlyconstipation, No
dependence liability
Tramadol Acute (Mainlypostoperative) and
chronic pain
Dizziness,
May cause convulsions
Dextropropoxyphene Mild pain Respiratorydepression
May cause convulsions
No longer recommendation

9. Considerations for Responsible Use
•Responsible prescribing and use of narcotic analgesics are crucial
to minimize risks and promote patient safety.
•Healthcare providers should assess each patient's pain and
consider alternative treatments before prescribing opioids.
•Close monitoring, appropriate dosage adjustments, and regular
reassessment are essential to prevent misuse and addiction.
•Education and awareness programs should be implemented for
healthcare professionals and patients to enhance understanding
of risks and proper usage.

10. Conclusion
•Narcotic analgesics play a vital role in pain management,
especially in cases of severe pain.
•Understanding their mechanism of action, potential side
effects, and responsible use is crucial to maximize benefits
while minimizing risks.
•By employing proper prescribing practices and promoting
patient education, we can ensure the safe and effective use
of narcotic analgesics in clinical practice.