NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL SYSTEMS FOR FOOD SECURITY 1.pptx

Food security

1. NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL SYSTEMS FOR FOOD SECURITY SUBMITTED BY SUBMITTED TO VAISHNAVI M DR.AKSHATA SAMEEKSHA C PATIL UOM UOM

2. INTRODUCTION What is Food Security? Based on the  1996 World Food Summit , food security is defined when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life. The four main dimensions of food security: Physical  availability  of food (Availability) Economic and physical  access  to food( Accessabilty ) Food  utilization( Absorbabilty ) Stability  of the other three dimensions over time

3. National Food Security Act, (NFSA) 2013 One of the guiding principles of the Act is its  life-cycle approach  wherein special provisions have been made for pregnant women and lactating mothers and children in the age group of 6 months to 14 years, by entitling them to receive nutritious meal free of cost through a widespread network of Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) centres , called Anganwadi Centres under ICDS scheme and also through schools under Mid-Day Meal (MDM) scheme. Higher nutritional norms have been prescribed for malnourished children upto 6 years of age. Pregnant women and lactating mothers are further entitled to receive cash maternity benefit of not less than Rs. 6,000 to partly compensate for the wage loss during the period of pregnancy and also to supplement nutrition. In case of non-supply of the entitled quantities of foodgrains or meals to entitled persons under NFSA, such persons shall be entitled to receive such food security allowance from the concerned State Government to be paid to each person, within such time and manner as may be prescribed by the Central Government. These provisions are governed through the  Food Security Allowance Rules, 2015 .

4. PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM The Public Distribution System (PDS) of India plays a crucial role in reducing food insecurity by acting as a safety net by distributing essentials at a subsidised rate. Through a partnership between central and state governments, the food-safety net program aims to supplement essential household supplies including wheat, rice, sugar, and kerosene.  The objectives of the PDS To protect the low income groups  by guaranteeing the supply of certain minimum quantities of food grains at affordable price. Ensuring equitable distribution . Controlling the price rise of Essential Commodities  in the open market. To have a  moderating influence on the open market prices  of cereals, the distribution of which constitutes a fairly big share of the total marketable surplus To  attempt socialisation  in the matter of distribution of essential commodities.

5. ICDS (Integrated Child Development Services) 1. Objectives:  The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme was launched in 1975 with the following objectives: to improve the nutritional and health status of children in the age-group 0-6 years; to lay the foundation for proper psychological, physical and social development of the child; to reduce the incidence of mortality, morbidity, malnutrition and school dropout; to achieve effective co-ordination of policy and implementation amongst the various departments to promote child development; and to enhance the capability of the mother to look after the normal health and nutritional needs of the child through proper nutrition and health education.

6. PM-POSHAN/Mid-Day Meal Scheme What is a mid-day meal? The Mid-Day Meal Rules, 2015 state that ‘Every child within the age group of six to fourteen years studying in classes I to VIII who enrol and attend the school, shall be provided meal having nutritional standards as specified in Schedule II of the Act, free of charge every day except on school holidays.’ It stipulates that mid-day meals should provide 450 calories and 12 grams of protein for children studying in classes I–V and 700 calories and 20 grams of protein for children in classes VI–VIII. The provision of mid-day meals in India has helped in: Increasing enrolment in schools Increasing attendance Mitigating classroom hunger Helping students concentrate in the classroom Reducing the drop-out rate among students Addressing the issue of malnutrition among children Empowering women through employment Improving socialization among children

7. SDG( United Nations Sustainable Development Goals ) Goal 2 seeks sustainable solutions to end hunger in all its forms by 2030 and to achieve food security. The aim is to ensure that everyone everywhere has enough good-quality food to lead a healthy life. Achieving this Goal will require better access to food and the widespread promotion of sustainable agriculture. This entails improving the productivity and incomes of small-scale farmers by promoting equal access to land, technology and markets, sustainable food production systems and resilient agricultural practices. It also requires increased investments through international cooperation to bolster the productive capacity of agriculture in developing countries.

8. WFP ( World Food Programmes ) The World Food Programme (WFP) is the leading humanitarian organization saving lives and changing lives, delivering food assistance in emergencies and working with communities to improve nutrition and build resilience.  WFP brings life-saving food and nutrition assistance to people trapped or displaced by fighting, wherever they are. With the help of local partners, we reach those in need even in the most remote areas, using all-terrain vehicles and dropping food from planes when all other avenues are closed. Although enough food is produced to feed everyone on this planet, the goal of a world with  zero hunger , as set out in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and specifically in  Sustainable Development Goal 2 , remains hugely challenging due to a  toxic cocktail of conflict, climate change, disasters and structural poverty and inequality . Over the past two years, the  socioeconomic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic  have further exacerbated global hunger by pushing millions of vulnerable people into greater food insecurity and driving up the costs of reaching people in need. WFP works on various activities in seeking solutions to hunger.

9. FAO (Food & Agriculture Organisation) The ambition of the 2030 Agenda is to shift societies and economies onto a sustainable development pathway while “leaving no one behind”. Such a significant transformation can only be achieved through integrated and coherent actions, decisions and initiatives that target poverty, inequality, food insecurity and malnutrition, the degradation of natural resources and inclusive growth. This transition is being mainstreamed through supporting countries to adopt a common vision for sustainable food and agriculture and translating it into action. FAO’s ‘twin-track approach’ for fighting hunger combines sustainable agricultural and rural development with targeted programmes for enhancing direct access to food for the most needy.

10. CONCLUSION In conclusion ,At the national level, key initiatives such as the Public Distribution System (PDS), the National Food Security Act (NFSA), and the Mid-Day Meal Scheme aim to provide subsidized food grains and meals to vulnerable populations, including the poor, marginalized communities, and children. These programs have played a crucial role in improving food access and reducing hunger levels across the country. Additionally, India has made strides in agricultural development through initiatives such as the Green Revolution, which focused on increasing agricultural productivity through the adoption of high-yielding crop varieties, irrigation infrastructure, and agricultural modernization. T he issue of food security is a challenging issue and requires a comprehensive approach at both national and international levels. National systems for food security encompass policies, programs, and initiatives aimed at ensuring access to nutritious and sufficient food for all citizens. On the international front, organizations such as the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Food Programme (WFP), and the play crucial roles in coordinating efforts to address global food security challenges. These organizations facilitate knowledge sharing, provide technical assistance, and mobilize resources to support countries in need. Additionally, international agreements and initiatives like the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the recognize the importance of food security in achieving broader sustainable development and climate goals. It is imperative that governments, policymakers, civil society, and the private sector prioritize food security as a fundamental human right and invest in long-term strategies to ensure a world where no one goes hungry.

11. REFERENCES George, N. A., & McKay, F. H. (2019). The Public Distribution System and Food Security in India. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health , 16(17), 3221. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173221 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2010). FAO strategic objectives 2010-2019. Retrieved from https://www.fao.org/3/mg994e/mg994e.pdf Government of India, Ministry of Women and Child Development. (n.d.). Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme. Retrieved from https://wcd.nic.in/integrated-child-development-services-icds-scheme InsightsIAS . (n.d.). Objectives and Significance of PDS. Retrieved from https://www.insightsonindia.com/agriculture/public-distribution-system/objectives-and-significance-of-pds/ World Bank. (n.d.). What is Food Security. Retrieved from https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/agriculture/brief/food-security-update/what-is-food-security United Nations. (n.d.). Sustainable Development Goals. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/

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