national forest policy.pptx

Important features of national forest policy

1. SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL FOREST POLICIES Dr. B. Sangeetha, Asst. Professor, KITS.

2. Introduction Constitution of India -‘forestry’ appears on the ‘concurrent list’ 300 BC -The Maurya kingdom –Chandragupta Indian forestry -( i ) Colonial and (ii) Post-colonial

3. National Forest Policy -1855 -1894 -1952 -1988

4. National Forest Policy 1855 Lord Dalhousie issued –“Forest charter” in 1855 ( his charter was intended to restrict and regulate the unchecked exploitation of forests by private individuals. ) Potential long-term environmental, economic and climatic effects of deforestation First - Indian Forest Act, 1865 - Imperial Forest Department Dietrich Brandis - Forest resource management The Indian Forest Act,1865 was declared the British Administration’s monopoly over the forests of India.

5. National Forest Policy 1894 Dr. Voelcker's recommendations given in a report on 'Improvement of Indian Agriculture', 1893 . Main object of management of forests is public benefit Preservation of climatic and physical conditions of the country Supplying valuable timber for commercial purposes

6. National Forest Policy 1894 Minor forests Pasture lands Permanent cultivation Fulfilment of the basic forest needs of the local people Maximum revenue

7. Minor forests An important source of livelihoods for tribal people are non-wood forest products, g enerally termed 'Minor Forest Produce (MFP)' means  all non-timber forest produce of plant origin  and will include bamboo, canes, fodder etc.,

8. Pasture lands Pasture lands in the narrow sense are  enclosed tracts of farmland, grazed by domesticated livestock , such as horses, cattle, sheep, or swine

9. Permanent cultivation " Tree Crops – A Permanent Agriculture " which stated that crop-yielding trees could provide useful substitutes for cereals in animal feeding programs, as well as conserve environmental health.

10. Fulfilment of the basic forest needs of the local people Local people depend on forests resources for  various products such as fuel wood, construction materials, medicine, and food .

11. Maximum revenue Maximum income for the tribal peoples/ man who is depending the forest and forest products.

12. Classification of forest area

13. Defects in national forest policy 1894 Formulated by Britishers for the need of Britishers Mandated for public benefits as a sole issue and not considered the conservation issues Indicated conversion of forest land for agricultural purposes which resulted in massive conversion of forest for agricultural uses. Not considering the demands of public and industry. Not taken into account of profession man power and the need of forest education Silent on systematic research on forestry programme for production as well as conservation Not considering the wildlife – Decreased due to human interaction Not considering the ecological and other water resources – loss of resources

14. National Forest Policy 1952 The First Forest Policy of 1894 was revised in 1952. On the basis of six dominant needs of the country Balanced and complementary land-use Denudation in the catchment areas Establishing tree land for wherever possible Allow the supplies of grazing, small wood and fuel wood Checking soil erosion by soil conservation and water conservation. Fulfilment of revenue needs – sustainable supply of timber and forest produces

15. Functional classification of forest Protection forest - Physical, climatic considerations National forest - Defense, and communications, industry Village forest - Local requirements Tree lands - Public use

16. Salient features Establishing tree lands- public use ensuring increasing supplies of grazing, small wood for agricultural implements, sustained supply of timber - defense, communications and industry. Considering the problem of shifting cultivation Focused on forest research and training Importance to wildlife management Sustained yield of forest management

17. Defects of National Forest Policy 1952

18. Defects of National Forest Policy 1952 Tree awareness among the people by publicity, by celebrating the VanaMahotsav / Forest Festival ( annual Indian tree planting festival , occupying a week in the month of July ). Production Vs Conservation: Aimed more towards production lead forestry programme leads to large scale deforestation

19. Mushrooming of industries: Saw mills, pulp and paper industry, plywood, Veneer, particle board, match splits, sport goods, agriculture implements and construction industry

20. Government Vs Participatory Management: Considering the role of people in managing the forests through a participatory mode – major drawback

21. Maintenance of ecological balance: Not considering the ecological balance due to continuous exploitation to meet domestic and industrial needs.

22. Rights and concessions: Not Considering the rights and concessions of the local dwellers

23. Forestry education: Dealt only with the service forestry education and not considered the development of professional forestry education

24. Forest research: Not considered the research outside the forest department. Not given any direction on agroforestry ( landuse systems to satisfy the demands of domestic and industry

25. National Forest Policy 1988 To ensure environmental stability and maintenance of ecological balance, conserving the natural heritage of the country by preserving the remaining natural forests. Salient features To meet the increasing energy demands of the population To obey the directive principles and duties given in the constitution Constitution amendments of 1976 and its stress on environment Naked growth of forest based industries in this era Need for the guideline on the wildlife conservation

26. Objectives of National Forest Policy (NPF) 1988 Increasing substantially through afforestation and social forestry programmes Meeting the requirements of fuel-wood, and fodder, of the rural and tribal populations. Increasing the productivity of fore sts to meet essential national needs. Creating a people's movement with the involvement of women, for achieving these objectives. Tribal development, symbiotic relationship between the tribal people and forests. Construction of dams and reservoirs , mining and industrial development compensatory by afforestation.

27. Management strategy in NFP 1988 Afforestation, Social forestry and farm forestry programmes were encouraged Rights and concessions of the local people are suitably addressed Diversion of forestry land for non-forestry purposes is discouraged Wildlife conservation is given more importance Shifting cultivation practices are discouraged Cultivation of perennial crops through horticulture and tree forming is encouraged Fire and grazing management is given special consideration Forest based industries are advised to get their raw materials from outside the forest Forest extension, research and personal management are emphasized