NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM CHAPTER - 3 - VALUES - DEVELOPMENT.pptx

NSTP Lesson

1. Values Development CHAPTER 3

2. Recall from your past experiences wherein you are cornered to choose between two valuable things. WHAT MADE YOU TO DECIDE TO CHOOSE THE ONE FROM THE OTHER?

3. Define values Explain how values are being developed Discuss the importance of values in one's self and others 1. 2. 3. Learning Objectives

4. Values refer to everything from eternal ideas to behavioral actions serve as criteria for determining the levels of goodness, worth or beauty effectively laden thoughts about objects, ideas, behavior, and so forth that guide behavior but do not necessarily require it ACT OF VALUING considered an act of making value judgments, an expression of feeling, or the acquisition of and adherence to a set of principles

5. Values comes from the Latin word "valere" which means "to measure the worth of something elements of life prevailing in any society colors your choices shapes an individual's or group's decision

6. Values may be positive or negative of diverse types and they transcend facts and clamor for existence and realization also subjective and objective For instance, subjective value is when a watch has sentimental value to someone. On the other hand, life as opposed to death is an objective value .

7. We start forming values in our childhood . First, we learn to appreciate things that fulfill our basic needs, but we value especially those people that provide them to us. Their behavior towards us becomes the main reference of what is valuable. The Formation of Values Thus, our character and personality are molded through the attitudes and behavior of the people who raised us. Their behaviors determine in large part what will subsequently become our most important beliefs and principles. We learn to value the substance and the form of everything they say and do , and what they don't say and don't do . Each gesture or comment affects how we learn to make choices.

8. The consistency and coherence of our parent's behavior is what strengthens our formation. The Formation of Values Later, when we are students, we start feeling social pressures and the pressure of values that are different from ours, as we relate to other people. The strength of the values formed through our parents is put to test. Values are often confused with habits and many parents hope that school will form the values that were not instilled at home. This is not possible , because school does not fulfill the basic needs of life. Teachers, leaders, and value models at school can reinforce what was formed at home but they cannot replace them. If the convictions formed at home are not solid, they will soon be exposed to an intense social competition against other beliefs.

9. WHY IS IT SO DIFFICULT TO FORM VALUES? Unlike norms, values are convictions ; they are behaviors we gladly decide to follow and produce satisfaction. We can follow norms against our will, but values have the support of our will. The Formation of Values Those who play a leadership role in our lives are most powerful at conveying to us their values. examples: parents, elder siblings, grandparents, some relatives, teachers, peers we admire, professors and bosses To convey something, we must first possess it. Values are only conveyed through the example of our daily attitudes and behaviors.

10. The philosophy of life for every person consists of two aspects: a map of reality --an understanding of what life is all about, of nature and the cosmos a hierarchy of values --a perception of which things are more important than others Clarification & Integration of Values

11. The philosopher Will Durant wrote that wisdom is "seeing big things as big, and small things as small." First, we see reality objectively, rather in a distorted way, and second, we're able to see the relative importance of things. Clarification & Integration of Values Clarification of values means that we must review which values should guide our life. Value means what is worthwhile. For example, if happiness is worthwhile, then it is a value. If giving time to family is worthwhile, then it is a value. If playing basketball is worthwhile, then it is a value. The problem starts when these values conflict when they compete for our time and attention . Between family and basketball, which one is more important?

12. Clarification & Integration of Values When we don't give time to the consideration of this point, then our conditioned values take over. They subconsciously dictate what is more important and what is less important and what is less important. Thus, a father spends more time with his officemates than his family after work although when he is later asked about it, he realizes that his family is more important to him than his friends.

13. Universal values are valued by all human beings due to the intrinsic nature of these values or by virtue of our being human beings. Truth , for example is valued for its own sake. We want to know the truth rather than be misled or be under an illusion. We prefer an illusion only when there is fear or there is psychopathology, in which case, we then put the value of avoidance of pain over that of truth. Happiness is sought by every human being because of our biological, psychological, and spiritual make-up. Even masochists inflict pain upon themselves because they derive happiness from it. Kinds of Values

14. Universal values are shared by human beings regardless of culture and age. The following are some of these universal values: truth happiness inner peace love kindness justice respect courage and fearlessness Kinds of Values

15. 2. Cultural Values - are dependent on the social norms, religious beliefs, and other environmental situations of people. Thus, in a society in which the ratio of males to females is just one to ten, polygyny may be legal and ethical custom. In some countries divorce is permitted, in some, it's a sin. other example: Foot binding in China The practice was prohibited when Sun Yat Sen founded the Republic of China. Cultural values also change with time. What used to be unethical in one generation may no longer be so in the next. Kinds of Values

16. 3. Personal Values - are worthwhile to a particular individual and differ from one person to person. Thus, some people may value art more than earning money and thus spend more time painting, even if it provides little income. Others may value money more than art and thus spend more time buying and selling paintings than being painters themselves. Personal values are largely subjective and are neither ethical nor unethical except when they go against one of the universal values. Kinds of Values

17. It's important to realize that inner peace is not possible if our personal values contradict one or more universal values . It is necessary to explore a way of life in which universal values are in harmony with our personal values. Kinds of Values

18. To integrate universal values into our lives, we must do another necessary task: clarify our own personal values. Many of us go through life not knowing that our personal values are not really our own. They are just reflections of the demands of our surroundings, our parents, friends, society, what people will say, etc. We begin to wonder why we're not happy in our careers or why we easily get angry when we're performing our work. Would you and I be willing to devote more than twenty years of our lives to something that we didn't really love? Lack of clarity of our personal values can condemn us to a life that we don't cherish, to a work that we don't mind fulfilling. It's essential for each one of us to clarify what is truly meaningful in our lives--- things that we would like to live and even die for. Clarifying Personal Values

19. To integrate universal values into our lives, we must do another necessary task: clarify our own personal values. Many of us go through life not knowing that our personal values are not really our own. They are just reflections of the demands of our surroundings, our parents, friends, society, what people will say, etc. We begin to wonder why we're not happy in our careers or why we easily get angry when we're performing our work. Would you and I be willing to devote more than twenty years of our lives to something that we didn't really love? Lack of clarity of our personal values can condemn us to a life that we don't cherish, to a work that we don't mind fulfilling. It's essential for each one of us to clarify what is truly meaningful in our lives--- things that we would like to live and even die for. Clarifying Personal Values

20. Two things are required to internalize values Clarity of universal and personal values: We must be convinced that universal values are valid and truly worth pursuing, and also that our personal values are clear and strongly felt. Contrary conditionings are neutralized. The conditionings to be neutralized are of two kinds: Physico -emotional conditionings: those involving habits and emotional reactions such as fears, resentments, etc. Mental conditionings: those molded by cultural values, such as the measurement of success and failure and philosophy of life. They create preferences for lifestyles, modes of action, etc. This aspect is related to a review of one's map of reality. Integration of Values

21. When the true clarity is achieved and conditionings are comprehensively reviewed, then values can be fully integrated into our life with minimal difficulty. Integration of Values

22. Virtues: The Good Habit Virtues are habits of human excellence. Moral virtues are excellences of character acquired through the formation of good habits and are necessary for happiness. Understanding virtue and the specific virtues that enable people to think and behave well has a real payoff: a serious chance at happiness , defined by Aristotle as a whole life, well lived .

23. Virtues: The Good Habit The virtue theory of ethics dominated Western moral thinking from ancient times through the middle ages. It made a major comeback in the 20th century. An understanding of what virtue and virtue ethics is all about can help people to see why they need to form good habits of choosing and acting. Virtue refers to human excellence. In their quest to understand what a good person is and how a good life is lived, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle studied human excellences, which came to be called virtues. They concluded that virtue in general and some virtues in particular, enable a person not only to be good, but also to have a good life. People may not always feel the need to be good, but it's a sure thing that everyone wants to have a good life. It turns out that you can't have a good life without being good, that is, being virtuous.

24. Virtues: The Good Habit In his Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle states that there are two kinds of virtues: intellectual virtues which are excellence of the mind and moral virtues which are excellences of character. Intellectual virtues include: Art Science speculative wisdom practical wisdom (prudence) intuitive reason (understanding) These intellectual virtues can be taught and they are actually taught in school - some more than others.

25. Virtues: The Good Habit 2 . Moral Virtues , the virtues that make up good character, are numerous. But the critical ones that, once ingrained in a person, give that person the best chance of happiness are the "cardinal" virtues of: justice temperance fortitude or courage prudence Prudence (practical wisdom) is a special virtue in that it is an intellectual one, but guides human choices, while the moral virtues are all about doing, or action. Unlike intellectual virtues that can be taught, moral virtues aren't acquired through teaching. Moral virtue s are formed by acting in the same way over and over again, until they become habits.

26. Virtues are Required for the Good Life All people want to be happy, and it turns out that a person actually needs the cardinal virtues to achieve happiness, which means, again, a whole life well lived. The moral virtues give people the character that they need to persist through difficulties (fortitude) to achieve things, to say no to themselves when it's really tempting to be self-indulgent (temperance) instead of doing what ought to be done, and to treat others properly (justice).

27. THANK YOU!