Natural disaster resistant Building (earthquake and flood resistant)

Presentation report on earthquake resistant Building and flood resistant Building called as natural disaster resistant Building

Natural Disaster Resistant Building:
A building designed to withstand natural hazards like earthquakes, floods, and cyclones. It uses strong foundations, reinforced materials, proper drainage, and disaster-resistant design techniques to ensure safety, durability, and minimal damage during disasters.

The design includes strong and deep foundations, reinforced concrete or steel framing, ductile detailing, and wind- and flood-resistant features. Proper site selection, elevation, drainage planning, and use of durable materials further improve the building’s resistance to disaster impacts.

By adopting disaster-resistant construction practices and adhering to IS codes and national building guidelines, such buildings help protect human life, reduce property loss, and ensure quick recovery after disasters. They play a vital role in creating safe, sustainable, and resilient communities for the future.

1. Natural Disaster Resistant Building
Group no.-03
Session-2023-26

2. SHANA
PARVEEN
(511131523042)
( LEADER )
HARSH KUMAR
SINGH
(511131523011)
( CO-LEADER )
ASHISH
KUMAR
(511131523060)
( MEMBER )
PUNIT
KUMAR
(511131524603)
( MEMBER )
SONU
KUMAR
(511131523005)
( MEMBER )

3. Prof:- Dr. Sanny kumar (HOD)
(CO-GUIDE )
Prof:- Himanshi nag
(CO-GUIDE)
Prof:- Kausar Imam
(GUIDE)

4. NATURAL DISASTER RESISTANT
BUILDING

5. Earthquake, cyclone, flood, Tsunami,
landslide,volcanic eruption, drought, fire,
sinkkhole etc
Which disasters affect buildings?
What is Natural Disaster?
A natural disaster is a sudden and severe
event caused by natural forces of the Earth
that leads to damage, destruction, and loss
of life.

6. Mainly in Bihar, earthquakes and floods are the
major disasters that affect our buildings the most.
Therefore, our focus will be on these two topics."
1.Earthquake
2.flood

7. Best Foundation For Natural Disaster
Resisting Building:-
1. Deep Pile Foundation (Best Overall)
When to use: On soft, loose, or flood-prone soil.
Why it’s best: Absorbs lateral movement during an
Earthquake: Safe even when water level rises during
Flood: Ideal for heavy structures
2. Raft (Mat) Foundation
When to use: On medium soil where loads need to be
distributed evenly.
Why: Distributes earthquake loads across a larger area.
Flood resistance improves if plinth is elevated.

8. 3. Strip / Continuous Footing
When to use: For light buildings on firm soil.
Why: Simple and economical.
In flood-prone areas, the plinth must be
elevated.
Conclusion
For earthquake + flood resistant buildings:
A pile foundation combined with a raft slab is the safest.
Keep the plinth level above ground.
Ensure the soil is compacted and reinforced.

9. •What is flood?
Flood is the overflow of water onto normally dry land due to
excessive rainfall, river overflow, dam failure, or inadequate
drainage, resulting in submergence of land, damage to structures,
and disruption of human activities.”
•Flood prone area in Bihar
The most flood-prone area in Bihar is North Bihar, particularly the
KosiRiver Basin, which is known as the "Sorrow of Bihar" due to
frequent and severe flooding.
•Most Flood-Prone Areas in Bihar:
1.KoshiBasin Region (Most Affected)
Districts: Supaul, Saharsa, Madhepura, Araria, Purnea, and Kishanganj
Reason: Overflow and shifting course of the KosiRiver coming from
Nepal.

10. Types of flood?
2. Other Highly Flood-Prone Areas:
BagmatiBasin: Sitamarhi, Muzaffarpur, and Samastipur
GandakBasin: East Champaran, West Champaran, Gopalganj
MahanandaBasin: Katiharand Purnea
1.River Flood (Fluvial Flood)
2. Flash Flood
3. Urban Flood
4. Coastal Flood
5. Dam-Break Flood
Effects of Flood on Buildings ?
It leads to soil erosion, wall cracks, dampness, corrosion of steel,
and electrical system failure, resulting in partial or complete
collapse of structures.

11. Protective Measures to Safeguard Buildings
from Floods
1.High elevation par site selection
2. Raised plinth/foundation
3. Strong reinforced foundation (piles/raft)
4. Waterproofing of walls and floors
5. Proper drainage system
6. Use of flood-resistant materials
7. Regular maintenance and structural inspection
8. Early warning system and emergency
preparedness

12. Material Selection for Flood-Resistant Buildings?
•For flood-resistant buildings
•use durable, dense, and water-resistant materials like reinforced
concrete, treated masonry, corrosion-resistant steel, waterproof
plaster, and proper waterproofing systems. Avoid materials that
absorb water or decay easily.
Best Construction Techniques for Flood-Resistant
Buildings
•Best construction techniques for flood-resistant buildings
include elevated plinth, strong foundations, reinforced concrete
frame, waterproofing, proper drainage, use of durable
materials, and protection of utilities to minimize damage during
floods.

13. 1.Reduced structural damage & Protection of lives
2.Increaseddurability and longevity & Minimized repair
and maintenance costs
3.Protection of utilities (electrical, plumbing, HVAC) &
Environmental and climate adaptability
4.Resilient infrastructure & Enhanced property value
Advantages of Flood-Resistant Buildings:
Disadvantages of flood resistant building:
1.Higher initial construction cost & Complex construction
techniques.
2.Limited site selection options & Regular maintenance
requirement
3.Possible aesthetic limitations & Longer construction time

14. EARTHQUAKES
•An earthquake is a sudden shaking
or vibration of the Earth’s surface
caused by the sudden release of
energy in the Earth’s crust.
•This energy release occurs when
rocks beneath the Earth’s surface
break or slip along faults due to
stress. The released energy travels in
the form of seismic waves, which
cause the ground to shake.

15. TYPES OF EARTHQUAK
•There are two types of earthquake
Inter plate earthquake
Intra-plate earthquake
In both types of earthquake, during
earthquake at fault strike slip(horizontal
movement) & dip slip (vertical movement)

16. HOW EARTHQUAKE OCCURS
•Because of Earth’s rotation and
other energy factors different
shells or the rock layers constantly
move or slid past each other.
•Different continental mass
fragments of lesser densities float
and move overriding the denser
rock layers.
This causes earthquake.

17. EARTHQUAKE RESISTING TECHNIQUES :-
•There are two ways to safeguard a building against earthquake,
one way is Strengthening all structural elements, and second way
is reducing the impact of seismic forces on building, rather than
strengthening it. And These ways are shown below,
•First Approach:
1. Shear walls.
2. Bracings.
•Second Approach:
1. Base Isolation Technique
2. Energy Dissipation Devices.

18. 1.SHEAR WALL
•In structural engineering, a shear wall is
a vertical element of a seismic force
resisting system and that is designed to
resist in-plane lateral forces, wind and
seismic loads.
•A structure of shear walls is provided in
the centre of a large building often
encasing an elevator shaft or stairwell,or
sides of Building.

19. •Should be symmetrical in plan along
both theaxes.
•The opening provided in shear walls
should be symmetrical.
•Effective when located along the
exterior perimeter of building.

20. •Efficient in terms of:-
•Cost
•Effectiveness
•Construction
•Helps in minimizing the effect on non-
structural elements. E.g. Glass,
Windows
•It is said that:-
We cannot afford to build concrete
buildings meant to resist sever
earthquakes without SHEAR WALL.
ADVANTAGES OF SHEAR WALLS

21. BASE ISOLATION
•To reduce the intent of earthquake Base-isolation is done and it is
one of the most popular means of protecing a structure against
earthquake forces.
•For simple buildings, base-isolation may be achieved by reducing the
coefficient of friction between structure and its foundation or by
placing a flexible connection between the structure and its
foundation.
•A flexible joint is used between column and footing at the floor level,
it separates super structure from the foundation, Thus during
earthquakes no.::: vibration is carried to the superstructure.

22. BUILDING DURING AN EARTHQUAKE

23. TYPES OF BASE ISOLATOR
•LEAD-RUBBER BEARING:-
•Frequently used for base isolation
made from layers ofrubber
sandwiched together with layers of
steel
•Verystiff and strong in the vertical
direction
•Flexible in horizontal direction.

24. SPHERICAL SLIDINGBEARING:-
•It uses bearing pads that have a
curved surface and low-friction
similar to Teflon materials.
•During an earthquake the building
is free to slide both horizontally
and vertically.
•It will return to its original position
after the ground shaking stops.

25. ENERGY DISSIPATION DEVICES
•An energy dissipation device is a structural component that
absorbs and converts kinetic energy, such as from an earthquake
or strong wind, into another form of energy like heatormotion to
protect a structure from damage.
Example
•SEISMIC DAMPERS
•These are used in place
of structural elements such asdiagonal braces
•Acts like the hydraulic shock absorbers in cars
•When seismic energy is transmitted through them, dampers absorb
part of it, and thus damp the motion of the building.

26. OUR TECHNIQUES FOR EARTHQUAKE
RESISTANT BUILDING
•Dead Hammer (or Dead Blow Hammer):
•A dead hammer is also called a dead blow hammer is a special
type of hammer designed to minimize rebound and deliver
maximum impact without damaging the surface being struck.
•working Principle:
•When you strike a surface, the shot or sand inside the hammer
head moves forward, absorbing the rebound energy and
transferring more force directly to the target.

27. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF NATURAL
DISASTER RESISTANT BUILDING
•For design and Construction we required
some data like soli properties dead load live
load maximum flood level in this a area.
For these data we are performing some test
on soil at our site location technical park
2. CBR (California Bearing Ratio ) Test
1. MDD (maximum dry density t ) Test