Natural resources of india

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1. By Jagadeep H Rabha Natural resources of India

2. Natural Resource: Any source of wealth that occurs naturally,especially minerals, fossil fuels,thimber etc. Cassification : In terms of the source of origin,natural resources can be classified as Biotic Abiotic

3. A. Biotic resources: are obtained from the living and organic material. These include forest Product, wildlife, crops and other living organisms. Most of the resources are renewable as they can regenerate themselves. Fossil fuels are considered as biotic because they are formed from decayed organic matter. Fossils fuels are nonrenewable

4. B . Abiotic resources: These resources come from non-living and non-organic material. Some of the resources like water and air are renewable Other resources like minerals are non-renewable and exhaustible as they cannot be regenerated Minerals have many categories like metallic, non-metallic and minor minerals.

5. A. Biotic resources of India 1. Forestry: India’s land area includes with region With high rainfall to dry desert’s Coastline to Alpine regions Around 21% of the total geographical area consists of Forests Due to variation in climatic conditions and difference in altitude,different types of forest are present in India

6. Including Tropical,Swamps,Mangrove and Alpine Forests are the main sources of Firewood, paper Spices,drug etc. From checking of soil erosion to Wildlife protection,rainfall,human recreation ,water sheds and balance of nature Forests play a major role in enhancing quality of environment Forest contribute significant amount to nation’s GDP.

7. 2. Fish: India has rich marine and inland water resources It has 8129km long coastline Inland fishery is carried out in rivers,reservoirs and lakes In Indian rivers more than 400 species of fish are found & many species are economically important Major fish species available are Carp,catfish, murrel,and weed fish.

8. India is one of the leading fish producers In 2013-2013, 9 lakh tonnes of marine products was exported. 3. Coal : Coal is the largest available mineral resource India ranks 3 rd in the world after China and USA in the realm of coal production The main centres of coal in India are the west Bengal,Bihar,Madhya Pradesh,Odisha etc. Bulk of the coal production comes from Bengal,Jharkhand coal field

9. Coal mine in Dhanbad district of Jharkhand state They contribute 60 to 65% of the total production Coal are mainly used for power sector Other industries like cement, fertilizer, chemical and paper rely coal for energy requirements.

10. 4. Oil: India had about 750 million metric tonne of proven oil reserve as April 2014 Most of the India’s crude oil reserve are located in the western coast & in the northern part of the country It also located in the offshore Bay of Bengal & in the state of Rajasthan.

11. 5. Natural Gas: India has 1,437 billion cubic metres of confirmed natural gas reserves as of April 2010 A huge mass of India’s natural gas production comes from the western offshore regions Particularly the Mumbai High complex Onshore fields in Assam,Tripura,Andhra Pradesh etc. Are the major producers of natural gas.

12. B. Abiotic resources of India a) Metallic Minerals: 1. copper : Copper has been used since ancient times Details of copper mining & metallurgy are available in ancient works like Arthashastra. is Mainly used in Industrial applications, Electrical/Electronic equipments Consumer product such as utensils. Major resources of copper are available at Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Jharkhand. As on 2010,India had 1.56 billion tonnes of copper ore India is one of the 20 Major copper producers in the world.

13. 2. Lead and zinc: main deposits of lead & zinc are found mostly in Rajasthan, Meghalaya,Gujarat,west Bengal,Utter Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu,odisha and sikkim But 95% of known reserves are centralised in Rajasthan and Gujarat. As per UNFC,on April 1,2005 were estimated at 522.58 million tonnes With 7,207 thousand tonnes of lead mental And 24,260 thousand tonnes of zinc metal.

14. 3. Iron ore : India is the world’s 3 rd biggest exporter of Iron ore as in 2013 India possesses high quality iron ore abundance Total reserves of iron ore are about 14.630 million tonnes of haematite & 10,619 million tonnes of magnetite Haematite iron is found mainly in Jharkhand, Chattisgarh,Odisha,Goa,& Karnataka. The major deposit of magnetite iron is available at Western coast of Karnataka. Minor amount of magnetite is found in Assam,Meghalaya,Nagaland, Bihar etc. Fe is used for manufacturing of pig iron,sponge iron,steel etc.

15. 4. Chromite: Is an oxide of chromium and iron It the only commercial source of chromium On 2010,India had 200 million tonnes of resource ranked 2 nd in the world production Major amount of resources are available from Orissa(Cuttack district) It is also available from Manipur,Nagaland,Karnataka, Tamil Nadu etc. Mostly mined in open cast method Is resistant to corrosion and mainly used on metallurgical applications Also used in chemical application.

16. b) Non-Metallic minerals found in India: 1. Garnet group: Is a group of complex silicate minerals and has similar chemical compositions There are 3 groups of garnet- Aluminum garnet,Chromium garnet and Iron garnet group. These minerals occurs in different rock types Garnet are available in Andhra Pradesh, Chattisgarh,Jharkhand,kerela,Orissa,Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu

17. 2. Wollastonite: Is a meta silicate of calcium Mostly White in colour Occurs as bladed or needle like crystals Most of the deposits are available in Rajasthan Minor amount of deposits are found in Gujarat and Tamil Nadu It is mainly used in ceramic industries & metallurgical application

18. In 2010,India produced 1,45,000 tonnes It is mined open cast method Central Building Research Institute has found that wollastonite can be used as substitute for chrysotile asbestos in cement products.

19. 3. Sillimanite group: Is a group o metamorphic minerals Such as sillimanite,kyanite and andalusite 3 minerals are calcined to form Mullite Mainly used as refractory materials As on 2010,India had 66 million tonnes sillimanite 100 million tonnes of kyanite and 18 million tonnes of Andalusite as resource It is mostly found in Tamil Nadu, Orissa,Utter Pradesh etc.

20. 4. Ilmenite : is a compound of Iron and Titanium Iron-black or steel-grey in colour It is non non-toxic material and used in biomedical substances. Also used in production of Titanium dioxide pigment It is available in Kerala,Tamil Nadu and Orissa. India has 21% of the world’s reserves and constitute 6% of the world production

21. 5.Pyrophyllite: Is a hydrous Alumino-sillicate It is used in refractories, foundry dressing, pesticides, electrical insulators, etc. India had 56 million tonnes of resources in the year 2010 It is mostly found in Madhya Pradesh Remaining resources are found in Orissa,Utter Pradesh, Andra Pradesh ,Maharashtra etc.

22. C) Minor minerals: Minor minerals available are building stone, marble,brick earth,granite,gravel,clay, sand etc. These are mainly used in building construction Marble: Is a metamorphosed limestone formed by recrystallization It is available in different colour and textures It is available in many state of india It is used in construction of Temples,Tombs,Palaces etc. Economically important marbles are available in Rajasthan, Gujarat, Haryana,Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and some parts of Meghalaya

23. Nuclear : 1. Uranium: India was able to extract 229 tonnes of uranium in 2007 Tumalapalli mine in Andhra Pradesh state of India provided more than 170,000 tonnes of uranium making it as the world’s largest uranium mine.

24. 2. Thorium: On may 2013,country’s thorium reserves were 11.93 million tonnes With a significant majority found in the three eastern coastal states of Andhra Pradesh,Tamil Nadu and Odisha. Both the IAEA and OECD appear to conclude that India may possess the largest share of worlds thorium deposits.

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