Natural Vegetation and wildlife

Class 9 Interdisciplinary project.
Includes-
-Colonialism and forest societies
-Natural vegetation
-wildlife

1. Natural Vegetation and wildlife Natural vegetation and wildlife Kushagra Ranjay

2. What is Natural vegetation Natural vegetation refers to the indigenous plant species that thrive in a specific region without direct human intervention. This includes a diverse array of plant life, encompassing trees, shrubs, grasses, and mosses, adapted to the prevailing climate and soil conditions of the area..

3. Types of vegetation The major types of Natural vegetation are: Tropical evergreen forests- They require above 200 cm. Trees are often high and can be more than 60 meters. The forest is green throughout the year. Tropical Deciduous forests- They require rainfall between 70-200 cm. Their trees shed their leaves about six to eight weeks in summer . Tropical thorn forests and scrubs- They Require less than 70 cm of rainfall. They are found in semi arid areas of Gujarat and Rajasthan. Common plants found are acacias, cacti and palm trees Montane forests- These forests occur in mountainous regions. They are characterised by their high altitudes where they are often covered by layers of cloud and mist Mangrove forests- They are found in areas of coasts where mud and silt gets accumulated. Dense mangroves are the common varieties with its roots submerged under water .

4. Role of government is conservating wildlife and forests The Indian government has implemented various policies, initiatives, and legal frameworks to conserve natural vegetation and wildlife in the country. Some of them are: National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries: India has established a lot of national parks and wildlife sanctuaries to protect the habitats of various wildlife species. These areas are legally protected, and human activities are regulated to conserve biodiversity. Forest Conservation Act: This act aims to conserve forests by regulating diversion of forest lands for non-forest purposes. Green India Mission: This mission under the National Action Plan on Climate Change focuses on increasing forest and tree cover, restoring ecosystems and enhancing biodiversity. Compensatory Afforestation: Industries and development projects are often required to undertake compensatory planting of trees, where trees are planted or conserved to offset the loss of forest land due to their activities.

5. What is commercial forestry Commercial forestry is the practice of growing and managing forests for the purpose of producing goods for commercial purposes. The key aspects of commercial forestry are: Plantation Forestry: Commercial forestry often involves the establishment and management of tree plantations. Trees are cultivated in specific patterns and densities to optimize growth and yield. Timber Production: The main focus of commercial forestry is the production of timber for various uses, such as construction, furniture making, and paper production. Forest Management: Commercial forests are managed through various techniques, including selective logging, thinning, and regeneration practices. Forest Products: Apart from timber, commercial forestry provides a range of products such as wood chips, pulpwood, plywood, and non-timber forest products like resin and medicinal plants. These products contribute to various industries and economies.

6. What is an Ecosystem An ecosystem is a community of living organisms, together with the non-living components of their environment, interacting as a system. This biological community and its physical environment are often called an ecological system.

7. What is wildlife Wildlife refers to all living organisms that are not domesticated and exist naturally in the wild. This includes a vast array of species, such as mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, insects, and other invertebrates..

8. INDIAN WILDLIFE FACTS India has an estimated 90,000 animal species, 2,000 bird species and 2,546 species of fish India shares about 7% of the world’s amphibians, reptiles and mammals India is the only country where both lions and tigers can be found Some famous animals in India are the Asiatic lion, Bengal tiger and the white rhinoceros

9. The forests of Java The forests of Java, situated on the island of Indonesia, were once characterized by their dense and extensive coverage. It was colonized by the Dutch in 1602 due to its rich soil and resources. It was turned into a famous rice-producing island.