Navigating the Misinformation Maze (2.0).pptx

Research study about exposure to scientific misinformation in science and critical thinking skills of students

1. Navigating the Misinformation Maze: EMPOWERING Critical Thinking Skills IN SCIENCE

2. Welcome to the interactive activity on using critical thinking skills in dealing with misinformation. -

3. Today, we will explore the importance of critical thinking and the essential strategies for navigating the complex world of misinformation, particularly on vaccine misinformation.

4. Do you want to Take the mission? NO YES

5. objective: 1 Identify misinformation from information and disinformation.

6. objective: 2 Identify the potential consequences of vaccine - related misinformation.

7. objective: 3 Recognize examples of real-world situation where vaccine misinformation had significant effects.

8. objective: 4 Evaluate how critical thinking helped individuals make informed decisions and avoid falling for false vaccine information.

9. Are you ready? QUIT START

10. START FINISH TASK 1 TASK 5 TASK 2 TASK 4 QUIT TASK 3 FINAL TASK

11. First task: Identify What Is Misinformation

12. Which among these defines MISINFORMATION? I naccurate and misleading information shared in an unintentional way . Deliberate dissemination of false or inaccurate information. Knowledge obtained from investigation, study or instruction. A B C

13. incorrect This is the definition of disinformation according to Chen et al. (2023). Please go back and pick another answer. BACK

14. Correct Good job! This is the definition of misinformation according to Chen et al. (2023). You may now proceed to your next task. NEXT

15. incorrect This is the definition of information Please go back and choose again. BACK

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17. second task: Spot the Misinformation

18. Misinformation or not?

19. incorrect NEXT According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2023), the COVID-19 vaccine components are safe. Almost all the constituents of COVID-19 vaccines are also found in foods, such as fats, sugars, and salts.

20. Correct NEXT According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2023), the COVID-19 vaccine components are safe. Almost all the constituents of COVID-19 vaccines are also found in foods, such as fats, sugars, and salts.

21. Misinformation or not?

22. incorrect Mohammed et al., (2022) review reveals no link between Autistic Spectrum Disorder and MMR vaccination, despite theories suggesting a connection. Public health officials should continue advocating for vaccination, and more studies may be needed to rule out the association between ASD and vaccination. NEXT

23. Correct Mohammed et al., (2022) review reveals no link between Autistic Spectrum Disorder and MMR vaccination, despite theories suggesting a connection. Public health officials should continue advocating for vaccination, and more studies may be needed to rule out the association between ASD and vaccination. NEXT

24. Misinformation or not?

25. incorrect According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2023), COVID-19 cannot make you magnetic. It is free from any metals such as iron, nickel, cobalt, lithium, and rare earth alloys. They do not contain ingredients that can produce an electromagnetic field at the site of your injection. NEXT

26. Correct According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2023), COVID-19 cannot make you magnetic. It is free from any metals such as iron, nickel, cobalt, lithium, and rare earth alloys. They do not contain ingredients that can produce an electromagnetic field at the site of your injection. NEXT

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28. Third task: Impact of vaccine Misinformation

29. Wang et al., (2019) studied the impact and influences of health-related misinformation on social media. They found out that misinformation about connection between M.M.R. Vaccine and autism are largely spreading on social media .

30. NEXT Example:

31. Direction: Select the possible negative impacts of the presented misinformation. (Adams et al., 2023) CONFUSION MISGUIDED ACTION MISINFORMED BELIEFS SOCIAL DIVISION WELL-INFORMED SOCIETY HEALTH AWARENESS THREAT TO HEALTH TRUST IN SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE DISTRUST NEXT

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33. FOURTH task: Role of critical thinking

34. It is the ability to analyze, evaluate, and interpret information objectively and logically. (Heard et al., 2020) Critical Thinking It is essential for distinguishing between reliable information and misinformation. (Dwyer, 2017)

35. 1 2 3 4 Teaching Critical Thinking NEXT (Zucker, 2019) 5

36. 1 2 3 4 NEXT Purpose Is someone trying to sell you something or create an emotional reaction (such as anger) I s their aim to provide accurate information? teaching Critical Thinking In assessing information in social media, consider the following. (Zucker, 2019) 5

37. 2 3 4 NEXT Authority Who made the claim? What qualifications does the claimant have? 5 teaching Critical Thinking In assessing information in social media, consider the following. (Zucker, 2019)

38. 3 4 NEXT 5 Relevance Does the claim apply to you (perhaps a claim about a special diet is accurate but applies to individuals with an illness)? teaching Critical Thinking In assessing information in social media, consider the following. (Zucker, 2019)

39. 4 NEXT Currency When was the information published (e.g., it is not unusual for old photos to be used to mislead viewers about a claim)? 5 teaching Critical Thinking In assessing information in social media, consider the following. (Zucker, 2019)

40. NEXT Sources Are there good references, and do well-qualified people agree with the claim or do they hold another view? 5 teaching Critical Thinking In assessing information in social media, consider the following. (Zucker, 2019)

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42. fifth task: Critical thinking strategies for dealing with misinformation

43. 1. Verify the Source: Identify the author and publisher. Assess the credibility and expertise of the source. ( Wineburg &McGrew, 2019) NEXT (Article from Pep.ph)

44. 2. Fact checking : Cross-reference information with trusted sources .(Shu et al., 2020) Fact-checking sites: FactCheck.org, Politifact , Snopes, and photo verification tools NEXT

45. 3 . Consider multiple perspectives: Evaluate different viewpoints to gain a comprehensive understanding. NEXT

46. 4. EXAMINE EVIDENCE: Scrutinize the quality and reliability of supporting evidence. NEXT

47. 5 . Identify logical fallacies : Recognize flawed reasoning or misleading tactics. ( Hruschka & Appel, 2023). NEXT

48. START FINISH TASK 1 TASK 5 TASK 2 TASK 4 QUIT TASK 3 FINAL TASK

49. Assessment final task:

50. 1. An influencer you follow claims that oral polio vaccines contain harmful substances that can cause long-term health issues. Should you believe this information? A. Yes, the long-term effects of vaccines are still unknown to mankind. B. No, vaccines are completely safe, but some can experience side effects. C. Yes, the claim is supported by extensive scientific research and evidence D. No, all influencer in social media is not a credible source of scientific information.

51. 2. A video on social media promotes the idea that polio vaccines contain harmful substances that directly cause autism among babies. What should you do with this claim? A. Disregard the video due to its lack of scientific evidence and experts’ commentary. B. Share the video to raise awareness about the potential risks associated with vaccination. C. Accept the video’s viewpoint without questions, as it raises valid concerns about vaccine safety. D. Critically analyze the video's claim and seek additional information from reputable sources to evaluate its validity.

52. 3. Your Facebook friend messaged you, saying that vaccines against mumps, measles, and rubella (MMR) are responsible for the rise in autism cases. How should you evaluate this argument? D. Accept the claim without further investigation. B. Dismiss the claim entirely, as it contradicts scientific consensus. C. Evaluate the evidence supporting the claim and consider the scientific consensus. A. Accept the claim without question, as it aligns with popular beliefs.

53. 4. A follower in your Instagram account shared a post claiming that HPV vaccines are unsafe and can cause infertility in women. What is the most appropriate action in this situation? A. Share with her scientific studies containing evidence of its safety and effectiveness. B. Avoid discussing the topic with your followers because they might unfollow you. C. Post content on Instagram that shows her ignorance about the HPV vaccine issue. D. Agree with your follower's opinion and re-share her post to other social media platforms.

54. 5. You receive a message from a friend claiming that COVID-19 vaccines contain microchips that can track individuals' movements. What should you do in this situation? A. Believe your friend's claims without any further investigation. B. Research information that shows strong evidence of this claim. C. Share scientific studies and evidence that refute vaccine microchip conspiracy theories D. Report your friend's message to social media platforms for violating community guidelines.

55. incorrect Carefully read and analyze the question. 1 2 3 4 5 NEXT

56. Correct Outstanding! You nailed it. 1 2 3 4 5 NEXT

57. START FINISH TASK 1 TASK 5 TASK 2 TASK 3 TASK 4 FINAL TASK QUIT

58. Mission complete Congratulations!

59. Mission complete Congratulations!

60. REFERENCES Adams, Z., Osman, M., Bechlivanidis , C., & Meder , B. (2023). (Why) Is Misinformation a Problem? Perspectives on Psychological Science. https://doi.org/10.1177/17456916221141344 Chen, S., Xiao, L., & Kumar, A. (2023). Spread of misinformation on social media: What contributes to it and how to combat it. Computers in Human Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107643 Dwyer, C. (2017). Applications of critical thinking. In Critical Thinking: Conceptual Perspectives and Practical Guidelines (pp. 145-171). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316537411.011 Hruschka , T. M. J., & Appel, M. (2023). Learning about informal fallacies and the detection of fake news: An experimental intervention. PLoS ONE, 18(3), Article e0283238. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283238 Heard, J., Scoular, C., Duckworth, D., Ramalingam, D., & Teo, I. (2020). Critical thinking: Definition and structure. Australian Council for Educational Research. https://research.acer.edu.au/ar_misc/38 Mohammed, S. A., Rajashekar , S., Ravindran, S. G., Kakarla, M., Gambo, M. A., Salama, M. Y., Ismail, N. H., Tavalla , P., Uppal, P., & Hamid, P. (2022). Does Vaccination Increase the Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder? Curēus . https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.27921 Shu, K., Sliva , A., Wang, S., Tang, J., & Liu, H. (2017, September 1). Fake News Detection on Social Media. SIGKDD Explorations. https://doi.org/10.1145/3137597.3137600 Skafle , I., Nordahl ‐Hansen, A., Quintana , D., Wynn, R., & Gabarrón , E. (2022). Misinformation About COVID-19 Vaccines on Social Media: Rapid Review. JMIR. Journal of Medical Internet Research/Journal of Medical Internet Research. https://doi.org/10.2196/37367

61. REFERENCES COVID-19 Vaccine Facts. (2023, September 27). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/facts.html Francisco, A. (2021, August 1) I’m a doctor. At inaamin kong HINDI gumagana ang BAKUNA .[Status update]Facebook. https://web.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=240942881187426&id=100058151465583&rdid=kgSaGC1t2eAZlWFJ Larga , R.C.[@arshielife](2021, July 10) #stich with with @thelakwatsero | Bawal bang uminom ng alak at kape pagkatapos magpabakuna ? #learnontiktok #tiktokskwela #healthtokph [Video] Tiktok.https ://www.tiktok.com/@arshielife/video/6983221957202480411?_r=1&_t=8mH2CMSrkOo Wang, Y., McKee, M., Torbica , A., Stuckler , D.: Systematic literature review on the spread of health-related misinformation on social media. Soc. Sci. Med. 240, 112552 (2019) Zucker, A. (2019). Using critical thinking to counter misinformation. Science Scope (Washington, D.C.), 42(8), 6–9.

62. Navigating The Misinformation Maze: The Power Of Critical Thinking END OF PRESENTATION CREATED BY: JENNIFER D. RELOX