_NAZIA_ASAD_synopsis_presentation .pptx

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1. Synopsis presentation Nazia Asad April, 2017 11/19/2018

2. Sequence of my presentation Research question Description of phenomena of interest through images Background of study Significance of study to nursing Study purpose Conceptual definitions Conceptual framework Study questions 11/19/2018

3. Sequence of my presentation Study design Study population and setting Sample and sampling Demographic data of participants Sample size and sampling techniques Data sources Qualitative rigor and data analysis References Acknowledgement 11/19/2018

4. Research question What are perceptions of nursing students(millennials)about effectiveness of pedagogical approaches practiced in a private school of nursing, Karachi, Pakistan. 11/19/2018

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6. Back ground of study problem Health care system has transformed due to rapid advancement in information technology, advancement in medical technology related to diagnosis and therapeutic processes and advancement in genetics. This transition and transformation is ever changing in nature; consequently, fluid nature of evolving health care system demands proactivity and contingency in all aspects of care provision to ensure positive outcomes for clients(Sochalski , J., & Weiner, J., 2011., Gimenes , F. R. E., & Faleiros , F.,2014 ). 11/19/2018

7. Background of study problem To combat the Highly complex and dynamic nature of health care system , it is utmost important to transform nursing education in a way that will enable future nurses to fulfill their care giving roles, effectively and efficiently .Nurses can play that transitional and transformational role through excellence in training and education (The Future of Nursing: Focus on Education, 2011). 11/19/2018

8. Recommendations from the IOM Transforming nursing education Nursing education needs to provide understanding of, and experience in, care management, quality improvement methods, system change management, and reconceptualized roles of nurses in a reformed health care system(IOM, 2011). Nursing education should serve as a platform for continued lifelong learning and include opportunities for seamless transition to higher degree programs(IOM, 2011) 11/19/2018

9. Recommendations from the IOM A ccrediting, licensing, and certifying organizations need to mandate demonstrated mastery of core skills and competencies to complement the completion of degree programs and written board examinations(IOM, 2011). The nursing student body must become more diverse in response to underrepresentation of racial and ethnic minority groups and men in the nursing workforce(IOM, 2011). 11/19/2018

10. Recommendations from the IOM Nurses should be educated with physicians and other health care professionals as students and throughout their careers(IOM, 2011). Transforming nursing practice: improve quality of care-nurses are crucial in preventing medication errors, reducing infection, and facilitating transition from hospital to home(IOM, 2011). 11/19/2018

11. America’s skill challenge In 2013, organization for economic co-operation and development (OECD) published a report entitled OECD skills outlook 2013: programme for the international assessment of adult competencies (PIACC), 24 countries participated in numeracy and literacy and 19 countries took part in problem solving in technology rich environment (PS-TRE). ), the report documented the performance of U.S. adults age 16-65 on comprehensive survey of skills (AMERICA’S SKILLS CHALLENGE: Millennials and the Future, 2012-2013). 11/19/2018

12. America’s skill challenge Report concluded: U.S. has proportionately more people with weak skills than some other countries and fewer people with strong skills, describing it as weak on literacy, very poor on numeracy and slightly worse than average on PS-TRE. (AMERICA’S SKILLS CHALLENGE: Millennials and the Future, 2012-2013). 11/19/2018

13. America’s skill challenge This report lead the U.S. think tank to reconsider seriously about educating Millennials ,who are future work force for America, needs restructuring of present curriculum and new pedagogical approaches matching Millennials’ needs (Prensky, 2001). 11/19/2018

14. 21 st century learners preferences It is clearly emphasized in adapting of teaching strategies congruent to 21 st century learners’ needs by Skiba and Barton, (2006) while keeping in mind, the shifting paradigm of teaching based environment to learning based environment: primary focus is learners’ preferences and expectations; things beyond that scope will prove futile , yield no result either for learners or educators (Kraus & sears, 2008 ) . 11/19/2018

15. Significance of proposed study to nursing Nursing student who are trained and educated in the environment where as individuals, their intellectual and pragmatic concerns resolve through mentoring and monitoring(Backes , Moyá, & Prado, 2011 ); eventually will have ability to respond to patients 'needs through empathy and compassion(Halstead , J.,2012). 11/19/2018

16. Significance of proposed study to nursing Best prepared nurses will be able to implement evidence based practices and thus improving patients’ outcomes and reducing errors(Towle & Breda, 2014). 11/19/2018

17. Effective teaching learning strategies(Pakistani perspective) THE EFFECTS OF LARGE CLASS FORMAT ON STUDENT’S LEARNING AND EFFECTIVE TEACHING/LEARNING STRATEGIES FOR LARGE CLASS FORMAT TEACHING FROM STUDENT’S PERSPECTIVES (Shah , M., & Salim , N. 2013) Perceptions of Undergraduate Nursing Students Regarding Active Learning Strategies, and Benefits of Active Learning ( Ul Huda, S., Ali, T. S., Nanji , K., & Cassum , S. (2016) 11/19/2018

18. South Asian perspective International Consultation and Training on Group Work in South Asia (Ibrahim , F. A. (2015 ) Asia-Pacific nursing scholarship development: qualitative exploration of nurse scholars in Taiwan (Republic of China)( Turale , S., Shih, F. J., Klunklin , A., Chontawan , R., Ito, M., & Nakao , F. (2010). 11/19/2018

19. Study purpose Purpose of study is to explore perceptions of nursing students(millennials) about effectiveness of pedagogical approaches implemented in nursing institution to improve nursing care through excellence in education and training. 11/19/2018

20. Conceptual definitions Pedagogy: The art, science and profession of teaching (Definition of Pedagogy, 2017). Pedagogy is the study and theory of the methods and principles of teaching (Definition of 'pedagogy', 2017 ). The method and practice of teaching, especially as an academic subject or theoretical concept (Definition of pedagogy in English, 2017). 11/19/2018

21. Conceptual definitions Millennials: individuals born between 1982 and 2005 are called Millennials(Howe & Strauss, 2007 ) .they are also known as digital natives(Prensky, 2001) Millennials are much talked about generation till date, because they were born during the era of rapid technological advancement, sociopolitical instability, and domestic and international terrorism. Fry , R. (2016, April 25). Millennials overtake Baby Boomers as America’s largest generation . Retrieved March 26, 2017, from http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/04/25/millennials-overtake-baby-boomers/ 11/19/2018

22. Conceptual definitions Millennials, why it is important to know about them because they are the largest generation in America than previous generations. They are future workforce and consumers. future prosperity and economic stability lies on the shoulders of this technology laden, labile nature generation(Prensky, 2001) This generation is always accompanied by smartphones, laptops, PDAS, (personal digital assistant devices)and many more. technology is their important element of existence. technology is their way of life(Prensky, 2001). Technology is like drinking, eating and breathing for millennials. The List of Millennial Characteristics . (2013-2016, March 23). Retrieved 2017, from http://luckyattitude.co.uk/millennial-characteristics/ 11/19/2018

23. Conceptual frame work Eric Erikson’s Psychosocial Developmental Stages(1959) For Erikson, development proceeds according to the epigenetic principle. This term was originally used in embryology to denote physiological development as a kind of natural unfolding of the developing embryo into a fetus, then a child. If something disturbs the development of the embryo (an arm, for example) at the critical time in which that limb must develop, then the arm will never develop properly. Fleming, J. (2004). Erikson’s Psychosocial Developmental Stages . Retrieved April 29, 2017, from http://swppr.org/textbook/ch%209%20erikson.pdf 11/19/2018

24. Eric Erikson stages of psychosocia l development Google images . (2017). Retrieved May 1st, 2017, from https://www.google.com

25. Eric Ericson stages of development,images . (2017). Retrieved April 29, 2017, from https://www.google.com.pk/search?q=erik+erikson+stages+of+development 11/19/2018

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27. Study questions What pedagogical approaches ,students find engaging: what do they think about engaging ? What pedagogical approaches, students do not find engaging: what types of teaching methods, and teaching strategies? How , nursing students will describe ,effectiveness of these engaging approaches; what do they think about effectiveness? What factors make these approaches engaging and effective; describe various factors which they find engaging and effective? (Sentences in italics are examples of probes) 11/19/2018

28. Study design Descriptive exploratory qualitative study: through this study , researcher wants to explore the phenomenon of “perceptions of nursing students(millennials) about the effectiveness of pedagogical approaches implemented in nursing institution AKU-SONAM. 11/19/2018

29. Study population and setting U ndergraduate 4 th year nursing students and graduate students of first year MSCN(born between 1991- 2001) Private school of nursing (Karachi, Pakistan ) 11/19/2018

30. Sample and sampling Sample will be nursing students from private institution 11/19/2018

31. Demographic data of participants Age Gender Year of education City they belong 11/19/2018

32. S ample size In qualitative study ,rule of thumb is to continue data collection until saturation is achieved(Lincoln & Guba,1985),however 15-20 students of 4 th year BSCN and MScN (born between 1982-2001) 11/19/2018

33. Sampling technique Technique of purposive sampling will be used, nursing students willing to participate will be recruited after informed written consent with clear description of, participants can leave at any time during study. 11/19/2018

34. Data sources/how the data will be collected Data will be collected through semi structured interview guide In-depth interview to explore the phenomenon of how engaging teaching and learning environment is for millennial nursing students. Time duration of interviews will be 60- 90 minutes Semi structured interview guide containing open ended questions and with the use of probes to explore phenomenon of interest completely. 11/19/2018

35. Qualitative rigor Qualitative rigor will be through “trustworthiness”(Lincoln & Guba, 1985) Credibility Transferability Dependability Confirmability 11/19/2018

36. Qualitative rigor Credibility, confidence in the truth of findings. Transferability, showing that findings have applicability in other contexts. Dependability, showing that findings are consistent and could be repeated. Confirmability, a d egree of neutrality or the extent to which the findings of a study are shaped by the respondents and not researcher bias, motivation or interest ( Lincoln & Guba, 1985 ). 11/19/2018

37. Creswell’s approach of data analysis Organize and prepare the data for analysis Read through all the data Coding of the data Description of the setting or people and categories or themes for analysis Present the results of analysis Interpretation of the results of analysis Creswell , J. W. (2014). Research design: International student edition Theron , P.M., 2015, ‘Coding and data analysis during qualitative empirical research in Practical Theology’,  In die Skriflig  49(3), Art. #1880, 9 pages.  http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ids.v49i3.1880 11/19/2018

38. Data analysis by Creswell Read through all the data By doing this, the researchers get a general sense of the information and possibly its overall meaning. Perhaps the researchers want to write down general ideas about the data(Creswell , 2014) 11/19/2018

39. Data analysis continue Coding of the data It is the process of organizing the data into chunks of information and writing a word that represents a category in the margin (Creswell , 2014 ) 11/19/2018

40. Data analysis continue Description of the setting or people and categories or themes for analysis During the coding process, the researchers give detailed descriptions of the setting or the people involved as well as descriptions of the categories or themes for analysis(Creswell, 2014) 11/19/2018

41. Data analysis continue Present the results of the analysis This is often done in a narrative passage to convey the findings of the analysis. It may include a chronology of events, a detailed discussion of several themes or a discussion of interconnecting themes(Creswell , 2014) 11/19/2018

42. Data analysis continue Interpretation of the results of the analysis The aim is to answer the following question: ‘What were the lessons learned ?’(Creswell, 2014) 11/19/2018

43. References Definition of 'pedagogy' . (2017). Retrieved February 25, 2017, from https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/pedagogy Definition of Pedagogy . (2017). Retrieved February 25, 2017, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pedagogy Definition of pedagogy in English . (2017). Retrieved February 25, 2017, from https:// en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/pedagogy Millennials: Our Newest Generation in Higher Education . ( n.d. ). Retrieved February 27, 2017, from http://www.niu.edu/facdev/_pdf/guide/students/millennials_our_newest_generation_in_higher_education.pdf 11/19/2018

44. References Skiba, D., & Barton, A. (2006). Adapting your teaching to accommodate the net generation of learners.  Online Journal of Issues in Nursing ,  11 (2). Kraus, S., & Sears, S. (2008). Teaching for the Millennial Generation: Student and Teacher Perceptions of Community Building and Individual Pedagogical Techniques.  Journal of Effective Teaching ,  8 (2), 32-39. Backes, V. M. S., Moyá, J. L. M., & Prado, M. L. D. (2011). The construction process of pedagogical knowledge among nursing professors.  Revista latino-americana de enfermagem ,  19 (2), 421-428.). The construction process of pedagogical knowledge among nursing professors.  Revista latino-americana de enfermagem,  19 (2), 421-428. Lincon , Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. 11/19/2018

45. References Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants part 1.  On the horizon ,  9 (5), 1-6. AMERICA’S SKILLS CHALLENGE: Millenials and the Future . (2012-2013). Retrieved March 1st, 2017, from https://www.ets.org/s/research/30079/asc-millennials-and-the-future.pdf Howe, N., & Strauss, W. (2007). The next 20 years: how customer and workforce attitudes will evolve.  Harvard Business Review ,  85 . McEwen, M. &. (2014). Theoretical Basis for Nursing (fourth ed.). philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 11/19/2018

46. References Lincoln and Guba's Evaluative Criteria . (2008). Retrieved April 1, 2017, from http://www.qualres.org/HomeLinc-3684.html Competing Paradigms in Qualitative Research . (1994). Retrieved April 1, 2017, from https://www.uncg.edu/hdf/facultystaff/Tudge/Guba%20&% 20Lincoln%201994.pdf Yeasmin , S., & Rahman, K. F. (2012). Triangulation Research Method as the tool of Social Science Research, BUP Journal 1 (1): 154-163 . Google images . (2017). Retrieved May 1st, 2017, from https:// www.google.com Towle, A., & Breda, K. (2014). Teaching the Millennial Nursing Student: Using a.  Nursing and Health ,  2 (6), 107-114. 11/19/2018

47. References Eric Ericson stages of development,images . (2017). Retrieved April 29, 2017, from https://www.google.com.pk/search?q=erik+erikson+stages+of+development Fleming, J. (2004). Erikson’s Psychosocial Developmental Stages . Retrieved April 29, 2017, from http://swppr.org/textbook/ch%209%20erikson.pdf Halstead, J. (2012, September 24). Transforming Nursing Education to Meet Emerging Health Care Needs . Retrieved April 28, 2017, from http://www.rwjf.org/en/culture-of-health/2012/09/transforming_nursing.html The Future of Nursing: Focus on Education . (2011, January 26). Retrieved April 29, 2017, from http://www.nationalacademies.org/hmd/Reports/2010/The-Future-of-Nursing-Leading-Change-Advancing-Health/Report-Brief-Education.aspx 11/19/2018

48. References of literature from Pakistan and south asia Khan, F. H. (2013).  Students perceptions regarding the third year nursing ethics module at Shifa College of Nursing, Islamabad, Pakistan  (Doctoral dissertation, Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University). Khan, B. A., Kanji, Z., & Kassam , Z. (2015). Enrichment Programme in Kabul, Afghanistan: Access to Higher Education at Aga Khan University, Karachi Pakistan.  International Journal of Nursing Education ,  7 (2), 11-15. Meghani , S. R., & Sajwani , S. (2013). Nursing: A Profession in Need in Pakistan.  i -Manager's Journal on Nursing ,  3 (3), 1. Huda, S. (2014). Autocratic Leadership In Nursing.  i -Manager's Journal on Nursing ,  4 (3), 25. Hirani , S. A. A., & Dias, J. M. (2014). Pediatric Baccalaureate Nursing Curriculum in Pakistan: Strengths, Limitations and Recommendations.  International Journal of Nursing Education ,  6 (1), 54. Arif , S., & Khokhar , S. (2016). Experiences of Male Nursing Students in Nursing Profession, at a Private Institution in Karachi, Pakistan.  International Journal of Nursing Education ,  8 (4), 87-91. Khokhar , S. (2012). BSc Nursing Curriculum: Innovation in Pakistan.  International Journal of Nursing Education ,  4 (2). Shah, M., & Salim , N. (2013). The effects of large class format on students learning and effective teaching/learning strategies for large class format teaching from students perspectives.  i -Manager's Journal on Nursing ,  3 (2), 19. Ul Huda, S., Ali, T. S., Nanji , K., & Cassum , S. (2016). Perceptions of Undergraduate Nursing Students Regarding Active Learning Strategies, and Benefits of Active Learning.  International Journal of Nursing Education ,  8 (4), 193-199. Ibrahim, F. A. (2015). International Consultation and Training on Group Work in South Asia.  The Journal for Specialists in Group Work ,  40 (1), 55-73. Turale , S., Shih, F. J., Klunklin , A., Chontawan , R., Ito, M., & Nakao , F. (2010). Asia‐Pacific nursing scholarship development: qualitative exploration of nurse scholars in Taiwan (Republic of China).  Journal of clinical nursing ,  19 (17‐18), 2601-2610. 11/19/2018

49. Acknowledgement xyz 11/19/2018

50. Questions 11/19/2018

51. Thank you 11/19/2018