Nephrotic syndrome

Nephrotic syndrome

1. P RE S E N T E D B Y MR. ROMAN BAJRANG RE LI A N C E IN ST I T U T E O F NURSING NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

2. INTRODUCTION

3. DEFINITION DEFINITION:-”NEPHROTIC SYNDROME IT IS THE CONDITION IN WHEN THE GLOMERULAR PART OF THE NEPHROTIC DOES NOT WORK PROPERLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE KIDNEY PROTIEN ESCAPES FROM BLOOD INTO THE URINE & FLUID ACCUMULATE IN THE BODY TISSUE”. ACCORDING TO MEDICAL DICTIONARY.

4. INCIDENCE:- THE INCIDENCE OF NEPHROTIC SYNDROME IS CHILDREN 2% 1,00,000 PERSON/YEAR AFFECTED.AND ADULT 3-4%10,000 PERSON/YEAR. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY;-THE PAIRED KIDNEY ARE REDDISH,KIDNEY BEAN SHAPED ORGANS LOCATED JUST ABOVE THE WAIST BETWEEN THE PERITONIUM AND THE POSTERIOR WALL OF THE ABDOMEN.

5. NEPHROTIC SYNDROME

6. ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY A TYPICAL ADULT KIDNEY IS 10-12CM.(4.5INCH).WIDE AND 3CM.(1INCH). THE WEIGHT OF KIDNEY IS 135-150GM. THE KIDNEY ARE WALL PROTECTED BY THE RIBS MUSCLES. THE KIDNEY CONSISTS OF TWO DISTINCT REGIONS THE RENAL PARENCHYMA AND RENAL PELVIS. THE RENAL PARENCHYMA IS DIVIDED INTO THE CORTEX AND THE MEDULLA.

7. FUNCTION OF KIDNEY FORMATION OF URINE -FILTRATION. -REABSORPTION. -SECRETION. REGULATION OF BLOOD IONIC COMPOSITION. REGULATION OF BLOOD PH. REGULATION OF BLOOD VOLUME. REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE. MAINTENANCE OF BLOOD OSMOLARITY. PRODUCTION OF HORMONE. REGULATION OF BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL.

8. ETIOLOGY:-

9. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY DAMAGED GLOMERULAR CAPILLARY LOSS OF PLASMA PROTIEN(ALBUMIN) STIMULATES SYNTHESIS HYPOALBUMINEMIA OF LIPOPROTEINS HYPERLIPIDEMIA DECREASED ONCOTICS PRESSURE GENERALIZED EDEMA ( FLUID MOVES FROM VASCULAR SPACE TO EXTRACELLULER FLUID ACTIVATION OF RENIN ANGIOTENSIN SODIUM RETENTION EDEMA KNOWN AS NEPHROTICS SYNDROME

10. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION THE MAJOR MANIFESTATION OF NEPHROTIC S YNDROME IS EDEMA. P ROTEINURIA-LOSS OF PROTEIN USUALLY UR IN E . HYPOALBUMINEMIA-DECREASED PLASMA ALBUMIN MANIFESTING EDEMA USUALLY DUE TO MALNUTRITION OR CIRRHOSIS. MALAISE. HEADACHE. IRRITABILITY. FATIGUE.

11. MALAISE

12. HEADACHE

13. IRRITABILITY

14. FATIGUE

15. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATITON X-RAY:- CT SCAN:- BIOPSY:- INTRAVENOUS UROGRAPHY:- URINALYSIS:- RENAL SCAN:- BLOOD TEST:-

16. X-RAY

17. CT SCAN

18. BIOPSY

19. INTRAVENOUS UROGRAPHY

20. RENAL SCAN

21. BLOOD TEST

22. MANAGEMENT:- MEDICAL MANAGEMENT:- PHARMACOLOGY MANAGEMENT:- NURSING MANAGEMENT:-

23. NURSING CARE PLAN:- NURSING DIAGNOSIS:- EXESS FLUID VOLUME RELATED TO KIDNEY INABILITY TO EXCRETE WATER. ACTIVITY IN TOLLERENCE RELATED TO ANAEMIA SECONDARY TO IMPARED SYNTHESIS OF ERYTHROPOITIN BY THE KIDNEYS. RISK FOR INFECTION RELATED TO IMPARED IMMUNE SYSTEM FUNCTION. KNOWLEDGE DEFICIET RELATED TO NEPHROTIC SYNDROME.

24. COMPLICATION:- INFECTION THROMBOEMBOLISM:- ACCELERATED ATHEROSCLEROSIS:- ANEMIA

25. PREVENTION:- TO PREVENT TOXIC DRUG EFFECT CLOSELY MONITOR DOSES ,DURATION OF USE AND BLOOD LEVEL OF ALL MEDICATION METABOLISED OR EXCRETED BY THE KIDNEYS. PREVENT AND TREAT INFECTION PROMPTLY INFECTIONS CAN PRODUSE PROGRESSIVE RENAL DAMAGe PROTEIN INTAKE MAY BE LIMITED IF THE KIDNEYS ARE NOT FILTERING PROTEIN WASTE PRODUCTS.

26. HEALTH EDUCATION DIET DIALYSIS HEMODIALYSIS PERITONEAL DIALYSIS REST & SLEEP FOLLOW UP