Nephrotic Syndrome.pptx

Renal physiology

1. Nephrotic Syndrome Dr. Asad Mehmood

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES At the end of the lecture, students would be able to Definition of nephrotic syndrome Enlist etiological factors of nephrotic syndrome Explain pathophysiology of each cause of nephrotic syndrome

3. Nephrotic Syndrome—Excretion of Protein in the Urine Because of Increased Glomerular Permeability Nephrotic syndrome is  a group of symptoms that indicate your kidneys are not working properly . These symptoms include. too much protein in your urine, called proteinuria . low levels of a protein called albumin in your blood, called hypoalbuminemia . swelling in parts of your body, called edema .

4. Nephrotic syndrome is usually caused by  damage to the clusters of small blood vessels in your kidneys that filter waste and excess water from your blood . Main causes include (1) chronic glomerulonephritis, (2) amyloidosis , which is deposition of an abnormal proteinoid substance in the walls of the blood vessels that damages the basement membrane of the glomeruli; (3) minimal change nephrotic syndrome , loss of the negative charges that are normally present in the glomerular capillary basement membrane. Albumin urine

5. Nephrotic syndrome Occurs in children between the ages of 2 and 6 years. Increased permeability of the glomerular capillary membrane allows as much as 40 grams of plasma protein loss into the urine each day,. The child’s plasma protein concentration often falls below 2 g/dl, and the colloid osmotic pressure falls from a normal value of 28 to less than 10 mm Hg. Due to this low colloid osmotic pressure in the plasma, large amounts of fluid leak from the capillaries all over the body into most of the tissues, causing edema