Neplasia

Neoplasia

1. Welcome

2. NEOPLASIA

3. Oncology NEOPLASIA  New Growth. NEOPLASM A n abnormal growth of tissue. Tumor

4. DEFINITION “A Neoplasm is an abnormal mass of tissue, the growth of which exceeds and is Uncoordinated with that of the normal t issue and Persists in the same excessive m anner after cessation of the stimuli which evoked the changes.” - Willis

5. Classification Nomenclature: Neoplasms are named based upon two factors Histologic types : mesenchymal and epithelial Behavioral patterns : benign and malignant

6. B ehavioral patterns : B enign neoplasms A tumor is said to be benign when its microscopic and gross characteristics are considered relatively innocent .

7. Benign neoplasms…. It cannot spread to other sites  remain localized. It is cooperative to local surgical removal. It can produce more than localized lumps, and sometimes they are responsible for serious disease . The patient survives. 4S

8. Benign tumors are designated by attaching the suffix - oma to the cell of origin . Tumors of mesenchymal cells generally follow this rule.

9. One person … Many Names

10. Identify ??? Osteoma Hemangioma Fibroma Chondroma Neuroma Lipoma

11. This nomenclature has, however, some exceptions Lymphoma , seminoma, glioma , hepatoma .

12. Adenoma is applied to a benign epithelial neoplasm derived from glands.

13. Benign epithelial neoplasms producing microscopically or macroscopically visible finger-like or warty projections from epithelial surfaces are referred to as papillomas .

14. Those that form large cystic masses, as in the ovary, are referred to as cystadenomas .

15. When a neoplasm, benign or malignant, produces a macroscopically visible projection above a mucosal surface and projects, for example, into the gastric or colonic lumen it is termed a polyp

16. Malignant tumors It is referred to as cancers . Derived from the Latin word for crab.

17. MAD

18. They adhere to any part where they develop. Malignant tumors can invade and destroy adjacent structures . Spread to distant sites ( metastasize ) to cause death.

19. Malignant tumors arising in mesenchymal tissue are usually called sarcomas (Greek sar = fleshy ) e.g ., fibrosarcoma , chondrosarcoma etc… Malignant neoplasms of epithelial cell are called carcinomas

20. What’s difference between tumor and cancer??

21. RECAP, N eoplasia Types 4S MAD

22. Characteristics of Benign and Malignant Neoplasms In general , benign and malignant tumors can be distinguished on the basis of – I’M BRA Or I’M BRAD

23. Differentiation and anaplasia . Rate of growth. Local invasion. Biological behavior Metastasis.

24. Differentiation and Anaplasia . Differentiation is the process where by neoplastic parenchymal cells( immature) resemble the corresponding normal parenchymal cells (mature), both morphologically and functionally. lack of differentiation is called anaplasia .

25. In general, benign tumors are well differentiated. Malignant neoplasms are well differentiated, moderately differentiated to poorly differentiate types. Malignant neoplasms that are composed of poorly differentiated cells are said to be anaplastic

26. Cont.. Benign Well-differentiated cells that resemble normal cells of the tissue from which the tumor originated Malignant Cells are undifferentiated and often bear little resemblance to the normal cells of the tissue from which they arose

27. Rate of growth Most benign tumors grow slowly whereas; most malignant tumors grow rapidly

28. Local invasion Benign remains localized to their site of origin and do not have the capacity to invade or metastasize to distant Sites, as do malignant neoplasms.

29. Metastasis It is defined as a transfer of malignant cells from one site to another. Metastasis is the most reliable sign of malignancy. The invasiveness of cancers permits them to penetrate in to the blood vessel, lymphatic and body cavities providing the opportunity for spread.

30. Cancer cachexia ?????

31. QUIZ WHAT IS NEOPLASIA? WHAT ARE TYPES? WHAT YOU UNDERSTAND BY I’MBRA? WHAT IS MAD IN MALIGNANT TUMOR?

32. Difference btw benign/Malignant Benign Tumor Malignant Tumor Mobile mass. Fixed or ulcerating mass. Smooth and round with a surrounding fibrous capsule. Irregular shaped with no capsule. Cells multiply slowly. Cells multiply rapidly.

33. Tumor grows by expanding and pushing away and against surrounding tissue. Tumor grows by invading and destroying surrounding tissue. Mass is mobile. Not attached to surrounding tissue. Mass is fixed. Attached to surrounding tissue and deeply fixed in surrounding tissue. Never spread to other sites (metastasize). Almost always spreads to other sites if not removed or destroyed. Easier to remove and does not recur after excision. Difficult to remove and recurs after excision.

34. In summary , N eoplasia Types Characteristics

35. Thank you !