Network Analysis and Synthesis

This comprehensive text on Network Analysis and Synthesis is designed for undergraduate students of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Electronics and Computer Engineering and Biomedical Engineering. The book will also be useful to AMIE and IETE students. Buy Now: https://bit.ly/2WmA7is

1. Network Analysis and Synthesis A. ANAND KUMAR Advisor to Dean Academics and Dean Quality K.L. University Green Fields, Vaddeswaram Guntur District Andhra Pradesh © PHI Learning Private Limited

2. BOOK ORGANISATION AND STRUCTURE CHAPTER 1 CIRCUIT ELEMENTS AND KIRCHHOFF’S LAWS CHAPTER 2 METHODS OF ANALYSING CIRCUITS CHAPTER 3 NETWORK THEOREMS . CHAPTER 4 SINGLE-PHASE AC CIRCUITS CHAPTER 5 STEADY STATE AC ANALYSIS CHAPTER 6 RESONANCE CHAPTER 7 THREE-PHASE CIRCUITS CHAPTER 8 COUPLED CIRCUITS CHAPTER 9 TRANSIENTS CHAPTER 10 GRAPH THEORY CHAPTER 11 FOURIER ANALYSIS CHAPTER 12 LAPLACE TRANSFORMS CHAPTER 13 CIRCUIT ANALYSIS USING LAPLACE TRANSFORMS CHAPTER 14 NETWORK FUNCTIONS CHAPTER 15 TWO-PORT NETWORKS CHAPTER 16 FILTERS, ATTENUATORS AND EQUALIZERS CHAPTER 17 NETWORK SYNTHESIS

3. Chapter 1 Circuit Elements and Kirchhoff’s Laws

4. VOLTAGE Potential difference in electrical terminology is known as voltage . V = W / Q or v = dw / dq It is denoted by either V or v. The unit of voltage is volt. 1 volt = 1 joule/coulomb

5. CURRENT Current is defined as the rate of flow of charge (or electrons ) in a conductive or semi conductive material . I = Q / T The unit of current is ampere. Types of Current Direct current Alternating current

6. RESISTANCE Resistance opposes the flow of current . R = r ( l / a ) where r is a constant of proportionality, known as resistivity of the material. The unit of resistivity r is W -m. The unit of resistance is ohm ( W ). I = V / R or i = v / R

7. CONDUCTANCE AND CONDUCTIVITY Conductance is defined as the reciprocal of resistance. G = 1/ R The unit of conductance is siemens . s = 1/ r is called the conductivity or specific conductance of a conductor .

8. OPEN CIRCUIT AND SHORT CIRCUIT For open circuit R =  and I = 0 For short circuit R = 0 and V = 0

9. OHM’s LAW Ohm’s law states that the current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference between its two ends From Ohm’s law, V µ I i.e ., V = IR

10. INDUCTANCE Inductance is defined as the ratio of flux linkage to the current flowing through the coil . The unit of inductance is henry It is represented by the symbol H

11. CAPACITANCE Capacitance is the property of a capacitor to store an electric charge when its plates are at different potentials . It is denoted by C . The unit of capacitance is farad, denoted by F.

12. ENERGY AND POWER Energy is nothing but stored work. The unit of energy is joule (J ). Power is the rate of doing work. It is denoted by P or p The unit of power is watt (W ).

13. NETWORK ELEMENTS Active and Passive Elements Bilateral or unilateral elements Linear or Nonlinear Elements Lumped or Distributed Elements

14. ENERGY SOURCES Electrical energy sources are categorized into voltage sources and current sources . The electrical energy sources may also be classified as independent sources or dependent sources (a) Independent Energy Sources (b) Dependent Energy Sources

15. ENERGY SOURCES Independent Sources Voltage source:  An ideal voltage source is a two-terminal network element Current source:  An ideal current source is a two-terminal network element Dependent Sources Voltage Controlled Voltage Source ( VCVS):  A voltage controlled voltage source is a four- terminal network component Current Controlled Voltage Source (CCVS):  A current controlled voltage source is a four-terminal network component Voltage Controlled Current Source (VCCS):  A voltage controlled current source is a four-terminal network component Current Controlled Current Source (CCCS):  A current controlled current source is a four- terminal network component

16. KIRCHHOFF’S VOLTAGE LAW (KVL) The algebraic sum of all branch voltages around any closed path in a circuit is always zero at all instants of time .

17. SERIES CONNECTION OF RESISTORS In series combination: The current is same through all the resistors. The voltage across each resistor is different (assuming each resistor to be of a different value).

18. POWER IN A SERIES CIRCUIT The total power supplied by the source in a series resistive circuit is equal to the sum of the powers in each resistor in series, i.e ., P s = P 1 + P 2 + P 3 + . . . + P m

19. KIRCHHOFF’S CURRENT LAW The algebraic sum of all the currents meeting at a node (junction point) in an electric circuit at any instant is equal to zero .

20. PARALLEL CONNECTION OF RESISTORS In a parallel circuit, same voltage is applied across each resistor, but the current through each is different (if the resistors are of different values).

21. POWER IN A PARALLEL CIRCUIT Total power supplied by the source in any parallel resistive circuit is equal to the sum of the powers in each resistor in parallel, i.e., P s = P 1 + P 2 + P 3 + . . . + P m

22. INDUCTORS T he inductors can also be connected in series as well as in parallel . ENERGY STORED IN AN INDUCTOR

23. CAPACITORS The capacitors can also be connected in series or in parallel.

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