Network topology

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Contents
Description of network
Description of topology
Different types of topology
Their advantages and disadvantages

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Network
In information technology, a network is a series of points or
nodes interconnected by communication paths. Networks can
interconnect with other networks and contain sub networks.

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TOPOLOGY
Topology defines the physical and logical arrangements of links in a
network.
Two or more devices connect to a link, two or more link from a
topology.

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In this diagram every system has its separate link to each other device.

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TYPES OF TOPOLOGY
TOPOLOGY
MESH TOPOLOGY STAR TOPOLOGY TREE TOPOLOGY BUS TOPOLOGY RING TOPOLOGY

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Mesh Topology
In a mesh topology, every device has a dedicated point-to-point
link of devices.
And the word dedicated means that link carries traffic only
between two devices it connects.

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A fully connected mesh network therefore has n(n-1)/2 physical
channels to link n devices.
Every device has (n-1) connection in mesh topology.

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Advantages of Mesh Topology
 Dedicated links eliminating the traffic problem.

A mesh topology is robust.
 Every system has its own privacy and security.
 Point-to-Point make fault identification and isolation is easy.

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Disadvantages of mesh topology
 It is more expensive due to use of more cables.
 No proper utilization of systems.
 It needs more space or ceiling for dedicated links.

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STAR TOPOLOGY
A star topology has a dedicated point-to-point link only to a
central controller, called hub.

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The hub acts as an exchange between the devices.

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Advantages of star topology
 A star topology is less expensive than mesh topology.
 Addition ,deletion and moving of the devices is easy.
 Star topology includes robustness.

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Disadvantages of star topology
 Cabling is required in a star.
 All devices depends upon the central hub.

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TREE TOPOLOGY
A tree topology is a variation of star.

Tree is also linked to a central hub that controls the
traffic to the network.

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The central hub in tree is an active hub & second hub may b active or
passive hub.

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Advantages of tree topology
The addition of secondary hub is easy.
It allows the network to isolate and prioritize communication
between different computers.
Time sensitive data will not have to wait for access to the
network.

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Disadvantages of tree topology
It is more expensive due to cabling.
Increase the distance of the signals
Repeating strengthens transmissions.
The whole connection is depend upon hub , if hub stop its
working than the whole network stop the work.

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Bus topology
A bus topology is a multipoint topology. one long cable acts
as a backbone to link all the devices in the network.
Nodes are connected to the bus cable by drop lines or taps.

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There is a limit on the number of taps .

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Advantages of bus topology
In bus topology, backbone can be laid along the most efficient
path.
The redundancy is eliminated.
Each drop line has to reach only as far as nearest point of the
backbone.
Limited number of taps.

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Disadvantages of bus topology
 Include difficult reconfigurations and fault isolation.
 It can be difficult to attach a new device.
 Signal reflection at the tap can cause degradation in quality.
 A fault or break in the bus cable stops all transmission.

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Ring topology
A ring topology has a dedicated point-to-point line
configuration only with the two devices on either side of it.

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A signal is passed along the ring in one direction, from device to
device.

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Advantages of ring topology
Easy to install and reconfigure.
Add or delete a device require moving only two connections.
Fault isolation is simplified.
Signal is circulating at all times.
An alarm alerts the network operator to the problem and its
location.

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Disadvantages of ring topology
 Unidirectional traffic.

A break in ring can disable the entire network.

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