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1. Welcome

2. http://www.mahergelle.com By Eng.Adulahi M. Adan Networking Fundamentals

3. Chapter Three:- Connectivity and Internetworking Devices

4. Subnet Sub netting is a technique that allows you to divide a single IP network into smaller sub networks. How does sub netting work? Sub netting works by borrowing bits from the host portion of an IP address and using them to create a subnet mask. The subnet mask helps routers to determine which hosts belong to the same subnet. For example, consider the IP address 192.168.1.100. The default subnet mask for a class C network is 255.255.255.0, which means that all of the bits in the host portion of the IP address are used to identify individual hosts.

5. Subnet Valid and Invalid Subnet Masks A subnet mask is a 32-bit number that is used to identify the network portion of an IP address. The subnet mask is used by routers to determine which packets should be forwarded to the same network and which packets should be forwarded to other networks. There are a few rules that subnet masks must follow: The subnet mask must be a contiguous string of 1s and 0s. The number of 1s in the subnet mask must be between 1 and 32. The subnet mask must not contain any all-0s or all-1s octets. Examples Valid subnet masks: 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.128 255.255.240.0 Invalid subnet masks: 255.255.228.0 255.255.225.0 255.255.255.25 Question 255.240.0.0 248.0.0.0 255.255.128.0 255.255.255.252

6. Subnet a

7. Subnet Steps in sub netting Identify the class of the IP address. Convert the default subnet mask into binary. Determine the number of hosts that are required per subnet and Find subnet generator (S.G) and octet position Generate the new subnet mask. Create the network ranges.

8. Subnet a

9. Examples Subnet the IP Address 216.21.5.0 into 30 hosts in each subnet Subnet the IP Address 196.10.20.0 into 52 hosts in each subnet Subnet the IP Address 16.1.5.0 into 400 hosts in each subnet Subnet the IP Address 10.121.5.0 into 600 hosts in each subnet Subnet the IP Address 150.121.5.0 into 60 hosts in each subnet

10. Quiz Subnet the IP Address 4.4.14.16 into 1000 hosts in each subnet Using this IP Address 12.168.0.1 Change to binary notation Write the host ID Write the Network ID Write Broadcast ID Write the Default Sub net Musk

11. Thank you @ Eng.Abdulahi Mohamed