new generation insecticides and eliminated insecticide

Insecticide

1. OLD & NEW Pesticides OLD GENERATION Broad spectrum Not selective High dosage (0.5 to 2 kg ai /ha) High toxicity Long persistence Not safe to non target NEW GENERATION Narrow spectrum Highly selective Very low dose (5 to 100 g ai /ha) Safe to NE Safe to mammals New site of action

2. New target sites in insects Nervous system Midgut Metabolic processes Cuticle synthesis Moulting & Metamorphosis Muscle Contraction ( Diamide )

3. 7-5-2011: GO MS 116 Banned 15 pesticides including endosulfan 8 insecticides 3 fungicides 4 herbicides

4. Pesticides banned by Govt. of Kerala Insecticides Carbofuran Red Phorate Red Methyl Parathion Red Monocrotophos Red Methyl demeton Red Triazophos Yellow Endosulfan Yellow Profenophos Yellow

5. All Red Labeled insecticides banned vide G.O. 116 dated 7-5-11 1. C arbofuran(FURADAN 3G) 2. Phorate(THIMET 10 G) 3. Monocrotophos (NUVACRON 36 WSC) 4. Methyl parathion (METACID 50 EC&2.5 D) 5. Methyl demeton (METASYSTOX 25 EC) Except Rodenticides 6. Zinc phosphide 7. Bromadiolane ( Single Dose anticoagulant) POISON EXTREMELY TOXIC

6. Yellow Labelled (Highly Toxic) Pesticides Quinalphos Cartap hydrochloride Chlorpyriphos Dichlorovos/ DDVP Phosalone Phenthoate Imidacloprid Indoxacarb Thiacloprid Dimethoate Carbosulfan Lambda cyhalothrin Triazophos Endosulfan Profenophos Fenvalerate Cypermethrin Deltamethrin Alphamethrin (19 – 3 = 16) POISON

7. Blue Labelled Pesticides Malathion ( Cythion 50 EC) Trichlorphon ( Dipterex 5 EC) Acephate ( Asataf , Starthene 75 SP) Spinosad ( Tracer 45 SC, Success 2.5 SC, Spintor 45 SC) Thiamethoxam ( Actara 25 WG) Sevidol 8 G (Not available) Dicofol ( Hilfol , Kelthane 18.5 EC) (9) DANGER

8. Green Labelled Insecticides ALL BIO – PESTICIDES (Microbial) NEEM BASED FORMULATIONS FLUBENDIAMIDE (Fame & Takumi) CHLORANTRANILIPROLE ( Coragen & Ferterra ) Clothianidin ( Dantop ) Chitin Synthesis Inhibitors ( Rimon & Applaud) SLIGHTLY TOXIC CAUTION

9. CIB&RC Central Insecticides Board and Registration Committee , Faridhabad Pesticides are registered for use in particular crops only Use in any other crop not registered is a violation of law: Unregistered Pesticide http://cibrc.gov.in

10. High cost... Fame( Flubendiamide )- Rs.1650 (100ml) Confidor ( Imidacloprid )- Rs.147.5(50ml) Radar( Chlorpyriphos )- Rs. 37(100ml)

11. NEW GENERATION INSECTICIDES Novel insecticides – 1. Neo nicotinoids eg-imidacloprid 2.Phenyl pyrazoles eg-Fipronil 3.Avermectins ( Macrocyclic lactones) eg - Emamectin benzoate 4.Oxadiazimes – Eg-Indoxacarb 5.Thiourea derivaties eg-diafenthiuron   6. Pyridine azomethines eg - Pymetrozine   7.Pyrroles-eg-Chlorfenapyr 8. Diamides - eg - Flubendiamide

12. Neo nicotinoids New class of insecticides developed in 1980s These replaced OP and carbamates First commercialised neonicotinoid compound is Imidacloprid Imidacloprid - is applied as foliar treatment, seed dresser and as soil treatment Possess contact and systemic activity. Effective against insects having piercing and sucking type of insects Mode of action- it affects the nicotinic acetyl choline receptors

13. Classification of neo nicotinoids 1.Chloronicotinyl Eg - Imidacloprid 2. Thianicotinyl Eg - Thiamethoxam , Clothianidin 3. Furanicotinyl Eg - Dinotefuran

14. Termex (Tata) & confidor Super (Bayer) 30.5% SC for termite control (2.5 ml/L) IMIDACLOPRID

15. Other brand names of Imidacloprid Confidor, Admire, Gaucho (Bayer CS) Tatamida (Rallis-Tata) Imiden Magik Chemida (Cheminova) Imidagold Jumbo

16. Acetamiprid Pride 20SP (50g ai/ha) Launched by dow agrosciences. Registered in India for the control of aphids , leafhoppers and whiteflies in cotton More potent than imidacloprid in foliar application

17. ACTARA ( Syngenta India Ltd) Thiamethoxam 25 WG Launched by syngenta world wide. BPH, Gall midge and WBPH in rice, sucking pests in bhindi and brinjal

18. 2.Phenyl pyrazoles ( Fiproles ) Highly effective against broad range of insects First developed molecule is- FIPRONIL Highly lipophylic in nature Systemic with contact and stomach activity

19. 3. Avermectins Isolated from the fermentation products of soil microorganism, Streptomyces avermitilis ( actinomycete ) Most important compound is abamectin (80 % Avermectin B1a + 20 % Avermectin B1b Emamectin benzoate is an analogue of abamectin Stomach and contact insecticide

20. Mode of action- Block the neuro transmitter, Gamma amino butyric acid at the neuro muscular junction of insects and mites

21. DIAMIDES

22. Ryanodine analogues Synthetic derivatives of the alkaloid Ryanodine obtained from ground roots of a shrub Ryania speciosa It prevents contraction of insect muscles and the pest stop feeding.

23. Ryanodine analogues- Green Labelled insecticides Flubendiamide Fame 480 SC: Bayer Takumi 20 WDG: Rallis India Dose – 1 ml/10 L

24. Ryanodine analogues TAKUMI 20 WDG - Water Dispersible Granule Flubendiamide @ : 25 g ai / ha TAKUMI 20 WDG Rallis (Tata) India Ltd : (1g in 4 l water) For Rice stem borer & Leaf Roller

25. Chlorantraniliprole Registered for rice, cotton, cabbage and sugarcane CORAGEN 18.5 SC Dose -3 ml/10L

26. Insecticides Act- CIB-Registration-Labeling

27. Insecticide act, 1968 An act to regulate the import, manufacture, sale, transport, distribution and use of insecticides with a view to prevent risk to human beings or animals, and for matters connected therewith.

28. Insecticide rules, 1971 In exercise of the powers conferred by section 36 of the Insecticides Act, 1968, the Central Government, after consultation with the Central Insecticides Board, makes the insecticide rules

29. 1.The Central Insecticides Board Central Insecticides Board is to advise the Central Government and State Governments on technical matters arising out of administration of this Act and to carry out the other function assigned to the board by or under this Act. 

30. Functions of CIB a. advise the Central Government on the manufacture of insecticides under the Industries (Development and Regulation) Act, 1951 (65 of 1951); b. specify the uses of the classification of insecticides on the basis of their toxicity as well as their being suitable for aerial application; c. advise tolerance limits for insecticides, residues and an establishment of minimum intervals between the application of insecticides and harvest in respect of various commodities; d. specify the shelf-life of insecticides e. suggest colourisation , including colouring matter which may be mixed with concentrates of insecticides, particularly those of highly toxic nature; f. carry out such other functions as are supplemental, incidental or consequential to any of the functions conferred by the Act or these rules.

31. The Central Government constitute a Registration Committee consisting of a Chairman, and not more than five persons who shall be member of the Board (including the Drugs Controller, India and the Plant Protection Advisor to the Government of India)  2. Registration Committee

32. Functions of RC a. specify the precautions to be taken against poisoning through the use or handling of insecticides; b. carry out such other incidental or consequential matters necessary for carrying out the functions assigned to it under the Act or these rules.

33. Labelling of insecticides Toxicity labels Red label, yellow label, blue label and green label are mandatory labels employed on pesticide containers in India identifying the level of toxicity of the contained pesticide. The schemes follows from the  Insecticides Act  of 1968  and the  Insecticides Rules  of 1971 .

34. Labelling of insecticides Brand name, name of manufacturer, name of the antidote in case of accidental consumption etc should be in containers

35. Pesticide Management Bill, 2020 It was introduced in Rajya Sabha by the Minister of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Mr. Narendra Singh Tomar , on March 23, 2020.  It seeks to regulate the manufacture, import, sale, storage, distribution, use, and disposal of pesticides, in order to ensure the availability of safe pesticides and minimise the risk to humans, animals, and environment.   The Bill seeks to replace the Insecticides Act, 1968.