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1. Control speed of DC motor with Arduino By Abbar Ahmed Mahmoud Saleh Ali Abdulhassan Ahmed Hamid Diab Supervisor Asst . Sahar Najat Shaker

2. Abstract This project uses the principle to control the speed of the motor by varying the duty cycle of the pulse applied to it (popularly known as PWM control). Remote operation is achieved by any smart phone/Tablet etc., with Android OS, upon a GUI (Graphical User Interface) based touch screen operation. The project uses Bluetooth device, interfaced to the microcontroller, which are used to control the speed of motor. PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) is generated at the output by the microcontroller as per the program. The program can be written in Embedded C. The project is designed to control the speed of DC motor by current and voltage controlled device using Arduino microcontroller with android application device.

3. Introduction DC motors have some control capabilities, which means that speed, torque and even direction of rotation can be changed at anytime to meet new condition. DC motors also can provide a high starting torque at low speed and itis possible to obtain speed control over a wide range. Today most of the industries use DC motors. So, speed controlling of DC motors plays a very vital role. Therefore our paper based on monitoring and controlling the speed and direction of DC motor using Android mobile application, with the help of Bluetooth technology both forward and reverse direction simultaneously with the help of L293D IC. Smart phones have in built Bluetooth technology, so external Bluetooth module is interfaced with the microcontroller unit for wireless communication. The Bluetooth module receives command from the mobile phone android application. So, according to the input signal, with the help of arduino , MOSFET can be used to vary the voltage and IGBT can be used to vary the current as well as the speed of the DC motor using PWM technique. Direction of the DC motor can also be varied with the help of relay circuit or H-Bridge network

4. Problem Statement In real world, motor applications not only use the maximum speed of motor. It maybe uses only 50% of its speed. So, the speed of the motor must be control. For some applications, motor is using not only one direction but with alternate direction to control a machine. In industrial field, some machine or robots cannot get in touch according to safety and the location of those things.

5. Objectives The main objective of this project is to assemble a two-wheeled vehicle robot and control its motors using the current as the main variable. In order to achieve the primary goal, some other objectives have to be realized, such as: 1) To control direction and vary the speed of DC motor by using microcontroller. 2) To develop a software using assembly language of the microcontroller. 3) Control the speed using the phone through bluetooth

6. Scope 1) Design a circuit for controlling speed and direction of DC motor. 2) Develop programming for the microcontroller. 3) Control the speed using the phone through bluetooth 4) Designing a car robot and controlling its speed using a phone

7. Project specifications Can be used to drive small conveyor belts in 2 directions and with dimmer would be able to handle both directional control and speed control. It is also possible to use this circuit for any robotic application where directional control is needed with speed control such as RC helicopters’ or aircrafts’ propellers. Single Phase Induction Motor Speed Control Using PWM AC Chopper Fan Applications

8. DC motor A direct current (DC) motor is a fairly simple electric motor that uses electricity and a magnetic field to produce torque, Which causes it to turn. At its most simple, It requires two magnets of opposite polarity and an electric coil, which acts as an electromagnet. The repellent and attractive electromagnetic forces of the magnets provide the torque that causes the motor to turn Anyone who has ever played with magnets knows that they are polarized, With a positive and a negative side. The attraction between opposite poles and the repulsion of similar poles can easily be felt, even with relatively weak magnets. A DC motor uses these properties to convert electricity into motion. As the magnets within the motor attract and repel one another, the motor turns

9. Types of DC motors 1-Permanent magnet motors The permanent magnet motor uses a magnet to supply field flux, permanent magnet DC motors have excellent starting torque capability with good speed regulation, a disadvantage of permanent magnet DC motors is they are limited to the amount of load they can drive, these motors can be found on low power applications 2-Series motors In a series DC motor the field is connected in series with the armature, the field is wound with a few turns of large wire because it must carry the full armature current. 3-Shunt motors In a shunt motor the field is connected in parallel (shunt) with the armature windings, the shunt-connected motor offers good speed regulation, The field winding can be separately excited or connected to the same source as the armature. 4-Compound motors Compound motors have a field connected in series with the armature and a separately excited shunt field, the series field provides better starting torque and the shunt fieldprovides better speed regulation.

10. Speed control methods There are 5 main ways to achieve speed regulation in DC motors as follow : 1-Armature or rheostat control method. 2-Flux control method. It is seen that speed of the motor is inversely proportional to flux. 3-Armature control method. 4-Voltage control method. 5-Variable resistance in series with armature.

11. Hardware 1-Arduino UNO This is one of the first and most popular Arduino boards to use and the easiest to teach. The most important characteristic of this type is that the controller chip is not fixed in the board but is installed on a stand, and this feature makes it the best choice for beginners so that if you accidentally burn the chip while working on your project, you can restore your work on the board by simply changing the controller chip to another of the same model.

12. Hardware Hard Ware component

13. Hardware 2- Robot Chassis 2WD Plastic 2WD Smart Car Robot Chassis for Arduinos with Motor Speed Encoder Battery Holder This kit included acrylic parts ,support wheel, DC gear motor ,speed encoder ,Universal wheel,4-cell battery holder ,switch ,screw and nuts 3- Bluetooth HC-05 Module is an easy to use Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol) module, designed for transparent wireless serial connection setup. Its communication is via serial communication which makes an easy way to interface with controller or PC. HC-05 Bluetooth module provides switching mode between master and slave mode which means it able to use neither receiving nor transmitting data

14. Bluetooth HC-05 Module Robot Chassis 2WD Plastic L298N Motor Driver

15. 4- PCB 2sided Prototype veroBoard Universal prototype PCB circuit board, 2.54mm hole pitch, double sided, tin plated, used for point to point soldering 5- IC 7805 7805 is a three terminal linear voltage regulator IC with a fixed output voltage of 5V which is useful in a wide range of applications. 6- UltraSonic HC-SR04 Sensor The HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Distance Sensor is a sensor used for detecting the distance to an object using sonar. It's ideal for any robotics projects your have which require you to avoid objects, by detecting how close they are you can steer away from them

16. UltraSonic HC-SR04 Sensor IC 7805 : PCB 2sided Prototype veroBoard

17. Software ( Arduino IDE) IDE stands for “Integrated Development Environment” :it is an official software introduced by Arduino.cc, that is mainly used for editing, compiling and uploading the code in the Arduino Device. Almost all Arduino modules are compatible with this software that is an open source and is readily available to install and start compiling the code on the go. In this article, we will introduce the Software, how we can install it, and make it ready for developing applications using Arduino modules

18. EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS Connecting the car body parts and installing the Arduino Uno, the motor drive, the Bluetooth hc05 and the ultrasonic sensor .

19. EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS

20. EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS Ultrasonic Sensor was used to build the Auto Brake System. Trigger pin was connected to the D2 pin and the Echo pin to A0. Auto braking systems only work when forward run.

21. Conclusions Electric motors are applied to provide mechanical work in industries. The DC motors is considered to be a basic electric machine. The DC motors are one of the electrical drives that are rapidly gaining popularity, due to their high efficiency, good dynamic response and low maintenance. The DC motors and drives have grown significantly in recent years in the appliance industry and the automotive industry. DC drives are very preferable for compact, low maintenance, and high reliability system . In this work, an overview of DC motors, including the equations that represent torque, rotor speed, field and armature currents and voltages is developed. It is seen that controlling a DC motor using Android applications gives user many advantages. Controlling the speed and direction of a DC motor by giving instruction to the microcontroller will reduce the manual work. This technology will also save the cost of wiring since it is based on wireless technology called Bluetooth. Implementation of this system is extremely easy since the motor is controlled by PWM to accept the desired speed that keyed by the smartphone. This system is also suitable for implementation in industries and homes. It is thus a promise that this method is especially useful to control the speed of DC motor wirelessly.

22. Conclusions Thus , the speed and direction control of the DC motor is achieved with the help of Android mobile application with the help of Bluetooth technology. In this way wireless communication is also achieved. we learnt that how present system is better and also more efficient than the other systems. It is exceptionally compatible. It reduces human efforts. This terminate that present project work is a huge success and will provide a considerable way for saving weather parameters of real time and will help farmers, industries, normal people as well as others whose daily life is related with weather and its parameters. It can be used to get required information about for each or particular area for many years. The collected information will used to determine the best conditions required for plants to grow if we talk about agriculture and the farmer can modify the environment conditions which is more suitable for the plan growth. This, will have a large effect on agriculture and also on farmers everywhere.

23. Conclusions This system will help in monitoring the condition of particular area and help individuals to work accordingly. Suppose a farmer want to grow a crop or tree which grows only in particular type of conditions. So, by this system he can see the temperature and humidity or wind direction as well as other parameters from any place. He will install this system only once and further work will be done automatically.

24. FUTURE WORK 1.In future, apart from controlling the speed and direction of DC motors, the same technique can be implemented in both single phase and three phase AC motors as well. 2.For long range wireless communication WIFI-module can be used. 3.Touch screen technology can also be implemented.

25. Thanks ..