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1. Metal (mines) detector robot with Arduino UNO By Mohamed Jawad Mahmoud Shaker Mahdi Mohamed Abdel Amir Ali Shira Supervisor Lect. Wiam Hussein Ali

2. Abstract Landmines are the most destructive equipment which are laid under some feet’s or on surface of grounds. They explode once a living things’ foot make contact with the spring at the top of the mine. These killing machines are laid in the vast fields and are very difficult to detect by naked eye .These killing machines needs to be identified and living things should be saved from this slaughtering equipment. Robots have been and will always be a research topic. This Reserch illustrates the working of a robot which is constructed by chaining together a number of independent segments which makes it hyper redundant.This robot which will go into fields and detect landmines which are under ground by the help of metal detector sensor which is placed at the front of our robotic vehicle. Robot will be moved with the help of Bluetooth module which will drive motors. This robotic vehicle would be controlled by an android phone using Bluetooth application. we have included a metal detection sensor in this robot so that it can be used in variety of applications like landmine detection for military purposes. . With further innovations the snake robot can be used in large number of applications. .

3. Introduction In the digital era, several technologies have been innovated to serve most of our everyday activities. Recently, different terms of technologies such as robotics, Telecommunications, embedded systems, Internet of Things ( IoT ), etc. These technologies are innovated to major solved issues to save humanities life and efforts in diverse domains . Many countries suffer from the legacy of explosives and mines in a post-war scenario for military security purposes . A humanitarian demining process is a crucial and most dangerous mission that can be performed by personnel and anti-personnel (robotics) approaches . The traditional demining process (handheld metal detector) is employed to detect and de-activation of buried landmines . These process imposed hazardous tasks for human demines due to it had high sensitivity to meagre quantities of metal and issued enormous false alarm rates, so this mechanism is very dangerous and puts the demine at the top challenge and risk . Robotics is one of the convenient solutions for saving a lot of innocent people from killing and potential injury by mines and explosives that impose tenacious threats to humankind . Using robotics technology to perform several crucial tasks like to detect, de-activation, extract, demining is contribute to reducing humanity causalities as well eliminate threat the human's from the dangerous area . Automated landmine detection using computer robotics or mobile robotics scanning platforms is an embedded systems and applications field.

4. Problem Statement Landmines have been a major humanitarian problem around the world for two reasons: First, their persistence. Mines are the only conventional weapons which, when functioning as designed, are lethal for a period of time after activation. This is their military purpose: to hinder or influence adversary movement or maneuver for a period of time. But if their lethality persists after the combat has ended, they become not military assets but humanitarian liabilities. Most landmine types in use around the world remain lethal for an indefinite period of time. Second, many have been hard to detect because of their nonmetallic or low-metallic construction. The primary tool for mine detection has long been a metal detector similar to that used by beachcombers. If a mine is made with less than about 8 grams of iron or the equivalent, it is magnetically indistinguishable from the soil in which it is emplaced and so is not detectable by these devices. Non-detectability immensely compounds the post-combat landmine hazard to civilians, and it renders mine clearance far more expensive, time-consuming, and dangerous.

5. Objectives The research want to give a technology that must satisfy all of the following criteria to improve humanitarian demining 1-Help accelerate the demining process. 2-Be as safe or safer than existing technology and approaches Alternatives for Landmine Detection. 3-Be practical to use and easy to repair and maintain. 4-Be affordable . 5-Enhance overall cost efficiency of demining. 6-Not be too complicated for use by deminers .

6. Scope on this studies, highlighting on metallic detecting issues. Additionally, the functionality to comprehend mines, keep away from boundaries. The proposing machine the use of the concept of metal detection sensor, blutooth conversation via managed robotic vehicles remotely for dry and a flat surfaces, barren region soil(s) to layout and fabricates find out metals except humanitarian damage. Also, proposing an built-in administration and attaining machine to control.

7. Types of landmines There are currently more than 600 different types of landmines, as well as many improvised mines made by military (opposite) forces engaged in fighting. They are grouped into two broad categories: Anti-Personnel (AP) mines and Anti-Vehicle (AV) mines, also commonly referred to as Anti-Tank mines.

8. INNOVATIVE MINE DETECTION SYSTEMS Predicting the potential for an innovative mine detection system to reduce the false alarm rate and increase the probability of detection is an inherently difficult task. Research is being conducted by a myriad of universities, government institutions, and private companies, with different projects in various stages of development

9. Electromagnetic detection system Metal detection A current loop transmitter is turn-on transients in the object to dissipate. The loop current is then turned off. According to Faraday’s law, the collapsing magnetic field induces an electromotive force in the metal object. This force causes eddy currents to flow in the metal. Because there is no energy to sustain the eddy currents, they begin to decrease with a characteristic decay time that depends on the size, shape, and electrical and magnetic properties of the metal. The decay currents generate a secondary magnetic field, and the time rate-of-change of the field is detected by a receiver coil located at the sensor. If a conductive object is shown to have a unique time-decay response, a signature library of conductive objects can be developed. When a concealed metal object is encountered, its time-decay signature can be compared to those in the library and, if a match is found, the object can potentially be classified. Classification allows discrimination between potential threat and non-threat objects

10. - Ground-Penetrating Radar ( GPR ) - X-Ray backscatter - Infrared/Hyper spectral systems

11. Hardware 1-Arduino UNO This is one of the first and most popular Arduino boards to use and the easiest to teach. The most important characteristic of this type is that the controller chip is not fixed in the board but is installed on a stand, and this feature makes it the best choice for beginners so that if you accidentally burn the chip while working on your project, you can restore your work on the board by simply changing the controller chip to another of the same model.

12. Hardware Hard Ware component

13. Hardware 2- Robot Chassis 4WD Plastic 4WD Smart Car Robot Chassis for Arduinos with Motor Speed Encoder Battery Holder This kit included acrylic parts ,support wheel, DC gear motor ,speed encoder ,Universal wheel,4-cell battery holder ,switch ,screw and nuts 3- Bluetooth HC-05 Module is an easy to use Bluetooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol) module, designed for transparent wireless serial connection setup. Its communication is via serial communication which makes an easy way to interface with controller or PC. HC-05 Bluetooth module provides switching mode between master and slave mode which means it able to use neither receiving nor transmitting data 4- L298N Motor Driver The L298N is a dual H-Bridge motor driver which allows speed and direction control of two DC motors at the same time. The module can drive DC motors that have voltages between 5 and 35V, with a peak current up to 2A Let’s take a closer look at the pinout of L298N module and explain how it works. The module has two screw terminal blocks for the motor A and B, and another screw terminal block for the Ground pin, the VCC for motor and a 5V pin which can either be an input or output

14. Bluetooth HC-05 Module Robot Chassis 4WD Plastic L298N Motor Driver

15. 5 - Metal Detector Module The Metal Detector Module is a truck attachment in Search & Recover DLC for SnowRunner . The module is required to search for airplane parts and BA-20 armored cars in Kola Peninsula. It has to be unlocked by finding the upgrade location in Imandra . When equipped on a supported truck, the module can be activated from the advanced options. Unlike the Seismic Vibrator Module, it can be activated while driving, but it cannot operate continuously. When within about 100 meters from the object to be found, the module will beep once to indicate that the player is near the location and the cargo icon will be marked on the HUD. 6-Lithium battery Lithium batteries stand apart from other battery chemistries due to their high energy density and low cost per cycle. However, "lithium battery" is an ambiguous term. There are about six common chemistries of lithium batteries, all with their own unique advantages and disadvantages. For renewable energy applications, the predominant chemistry is Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4). This chemistry has excellent safety, with great thermal stability, high current ratings, long cycle life, and tolerance to abuse.

16. Metal Detector Module Lithium battery

17. Software ( Arduino IDE) IDE stands for “Integrated Development Environment” :it is an official software introduced by Arduino.cc, that is mainly used for editing, compiling and uploading the code in the Arduino Device. Almost all Arduino modules are compatible with this software that is an open source and is readily available to install and start compiling the code on the go. In this article, we will introduce the Software, how we can install it, and make it ready for developing applications using Arduino modules

18. EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS We collect the parts of the robot that were printed using the 3D printer and install the electronic parts on the robot chassis and connect them with each other. We connect the motors with the L293 motor drive and we connect them with the Arduino Uno. We also connect the bluetooth module with the Arduino Uno, which is used to control the robot

19. EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS

20. The robot begins to sense the presence of metals or land mines as soon as it gets close to them, as it issues an audio alert

21. Conclusions This research focuses on the analysis and resolution of the issues in metal detection capability to detect mines and to find fastest and best route in a real-time environment. These functions are done via the concept of metal detection sensor , dimensions of the metal shape, wireless communication via controlling the robotics vehicle remotely for flat surfaces besides dry and desert soils to design and fabricate an intelligent technique for pathfinder without human harm. are Design and implement a robot based for landmine detection purposes by using metal detection sensor. Designing the integrated system which consists of a simple robot provided with the metal detector and using Bluetooth technology to communicate with its own software inside the phone . automatic landmine detection and sweeper robot has been presented and it can be made economically. So investments on landmine detection can be made more economical in the countries which are susceptible by landmines. This prototype delivers less complex structure and reduced the price to form a landmine detection robot. It can detect the landmines present under uneven ground surface and produces alarm to the user and successfully provides coordinates of landmine which can be then diffused safely, without the hazard of explosion

22. FUTURE WORK -The development of the robot size to work in more difficult terrain . - Improvement the sensitivity of detecting the old explosive materials that smell fade with the passage of time. -Improvement Speed response of detecting explosive material, less than two seconds . -Increment the range of the metal detection to more than 25 cm for grams . -The future scope for this project is the robot model can be modified with drone. -Instead on metal detector GPR module can implemented. -Some demining features can be added. like we can use colour spray at robot side to mark the probable landmine location.

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