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1. Smart Garden Water Sprinkler By Tariq Taha Ali Awad Falah Nasih Safar Mustafa Supervisor Dr. Orhan Ali Noureddine

2. Abstract Appropriate environmental conditions are necessary for optimum plant growth, improved crop yields and efficient use of water and other resources. Automating the data acquisition process of the soil conditions and various climatic parameters that govern plant growth allows information to be collected at high frequency and with less labour requirements. The aim of this project is to build a Wi-Fi based intelligent automated Sensor Network which is capable of intelligently monitoring agricultural conditions in a pre-programmed manner. The proposed system consists of three stations; they are Sensor Node, controller and receiver. To allow for better monitoring of the climate condition in an agricultural environment such as field or greenhouse, the sensor station is equipped with several sensor elements such as temperature, humidity, soil moisture . The overall system architecture shows advantages in cost, size, flexibility and power..

3. Introduction Agriculture been one of the primary occupations of man since early civilizations and even today manual interventions in farming are inevitable. Plant monitoring form an important part of the agriculture and horticulture sectors in our country as they can be used to grow plants under controlled climatic conditions for optimum produce. Automating a plant monitoring and controlling of the climatic parameters which directly or indirectly govern the plant growth and hence their produce. Automation is process control of industrial machinery and processes, thereby replacing human operators. In this paper the presented plant monitoring system technology to provide feedback to the user through smart phone. The automated system will reduce the need of man power hence reducing the error for a large scale area, it is quite impossible for a farmer to monitor the efficiency of the system by implementing this technology, the farmers can easily monitor the system using there smart phone. Certain important factors such as temperature, humidity, light and the level of carbon dioxide has an impact on the productivity of plant growth. Therefore, continuous monitoring of these environmental factors gives information to the user, how each factor affects growth and how to maximize the growth of plants. In recent year’s precision agriculture has become the trend in agriculture. Here the focus is mainly on understanding the environment through the interpretation of wide variety of data. The main idea of the system is to monitor the plants whether they get required amount of water and light. If there is enough moisture in the soil, the same will be reported to the user. This will help the user to give the resources to the plants every day without much manual effort and constantly monitor the health of a plant from a remote location.

4. Problem Statement ensor nodes can reduce the time and effort required to monitor an environment. This method reduces the risk of information being lost or misplaced. It would also allow placement in critical locations eliminating the need to place personnel at risk. Monitoring systems can permit quicker response times to adverse factors and conditions, better quality control of the produce and lower labour cost. Agricultural Sensors, positioning systems for detecting location of sensors, actuators like sprinklers, foggers, valve controlled irrigation system, etc. are already available in market. However, very limited work has been done so far on the technologies to be used to transfer sensor data wirelessly from crop field to the remote server. Development is increasingly aimed towards a wireless solution as compared to wired-based systems . One particular reason is that an agricultural monitoring system may require a large amount of wires and cables to distribute sensors. Sensors locations can often require repositioning. Wireless nodes provide for flexibility of placement and additional sensors. A traditional wire layout would not provide this flexibility and would cost a substantial deal of time and energy in order to address such wiring problems . The proposed project aims to reduce the cost and effort of incorporating wiring and to enhance the flexibility and mobility of the selected sensing points while the wireless sensor network (WSN) looks at being a comparatively self-organizing system . The present work describes the development of a wireless system to monitor agriculture environments; measure temperature, humidity, soil moisture . The wireless connection is implemented to acquire data from the various sensors, and to allow set up difficulty to be reduced. Among the rapidly growing wireless communication industry, Wi-Fi technology is reported as one of the most exploited wireless technologies in use, and is often built in technology capable of using pre-existing hardware already available and serving other applications and hardware. The use of internet protocol ( ip ) is super with readily available network management services making it a good choice for my environment monitoring system.

5. Objectives The major objective of this project is to design and develop a Wi-Fi based wireless sensor network for an agricultural environment capable of intelligently monitoring agricultural conditions in a pre-programmed manner that can be updated as required •To design and develop an automated model farm •Sensing agricultural parameters •Identification of sensing location and data gathering •Transferring data from crop field to control station for decision making •Actuation and Control decision based on sensed data

6. Scope The main work scope of this project is to design and develop a working wireless Agricultural monitoring system using Wi-Fi application. Wi-Fi application is preferred over all other wireless communication technologies because most of the users already have internet and Wi-Fi connection. The NODEMCU ESP8266 will be used to transfer the data of the current parameter readings to the system. The Wi-Fi becomes the main signal to transmit the data from the device to Android Smartphone, or laptop. This research focuses on the monitoring the environmental factors in particular for any control and management systems that might be implemented. . The system is a development of an irrigation automated system using a wireless technology. A smart sensor based monitoring system for agriculture has been used to maximize efficiency to obtain the data. A rapid growth of technologies enables the farmer to enhance their skills in maintaining the quality and the quantity of yields in plantation. This device is a newest technology that monitors the environmental factors over the Wi-Fi. As the mobile phones become pervasive to a farmer, the telecommunication system is improvised by applying it in an agricultural field. Based on this, it creates a chance for the worker to do their task efficiently as the user gets familiar to access into this automation device. The usage of Wi-Fi based sensor network makes the user friendly interfacing with it.

7. Smart Irrigation System One of the biggest problems currently facing the world is a shortage of water resources. Agriculture consumes a lot of water and therefore requires an efficient water use system. A smart irrigation system can estimate the amount of moisture around plants and control an irrigation system to provide water when needed while minimizing excess water consumption. Akubattin et al. examined countries with an agriculture-based economy and found that climatic conditions will cause lack of rainfall. Farmers working on farmland rely entirely on rainfall and drilling wells to irrigate the land. Even if there are pumps available, farmers need to manually turn them on and off when necessary. The main purpose of this research is to minimize farmers’ manual operation of water-related facilities, which has the following two advantages[8]: •Because rain is unpredictable and the area has very little rainfall, it is necessary to use sink wells for irrigation. A smart irrigation system can accurately provide the right amount of water at the required time, so it can save a lot of water. •Irrigation is started only when the soil moisture is insufficient, and a threshold value determines when to turn the water pump on or off, saving farmers' time. This measure also reduces the time taken by farmers to travel between the farm and their homes, allowing them to engage in other activities. The key points of the smart farm application are as follows: •Low-cost implementation and attractive to farmers. •Automatic and timely alerts on variations in climate parameters. •Analysis of various environmental/climate parameters such as soil moisture level, temperature, and humidity. •Use of renewable energy sources, i.e., solar energy, to power the devices during daytime. The control of soil moisture in irrigation systems originally used tension and volume techniques. These techniques are relatively simple, but these quantities are determined by a soil moisture characteristic curve specific to the soil type. The current information on crop growth and environmental conditions enables smart farm operators to check the growth environment at any time and issue timely instructions, thus improving the productivity and quality of agricultural products while reducing labor and energy requirements.

8. Internet of Things Based on people’s demand for energy saving in their homes, the development of smart house technology is an inevitable result . A smart house refers to the integration of all automation equipment through the network system to provide a service that is highly efferent overall, thereby ensuring that the public’s needs are met in terms of home safety, a healthy and humane living environment, convenience, and quality of life . The modern smart home system includes the following subsystems: lighting, climate control, security, technical incidents prevention subsystem and others . There are four common methods of IoT connection control: Internet Control (W-Fi), Area Network Control ( WebSocket ), Bluetooth and Serial Port. Each of these four methods has its own advantages. For example, to control US devices in Taiwan, you must use Wi-Fi control. If you want to control multiple devices at the same time, you can consider WebSocket and Bluetooth connection.

9. Effect Of Environmental Factors As is the case with many organisms, agricultural products’ development is affected by its environment in particular the availability of nutrients in the surroundings and the suitability of conditions. An agricultural environment can consist of a large number of factors including temperature, humidity, light, soil moisture, water etc. A deeper understanding of these environmental factors could allow farmers greater awareness of potential issues that can have a negative effect on the development of agricultural products. It is of interest to monitor and possibly control these environmental factors in particular those that play an important role in agricultural product quality and productivity. 1- Effects of Temperature 2- Effects of Humidity 3- Effects of Soil Moisture and Water Availability

10. Hardware 1- NodeMCU The Node MCU (Node Micro Controller Unit) is an open-source software and hardware development environment built around an inexpensive System-on-a-Chip ( SoC ) called the ESP8266. The ESP8266, designed and manufactured by Espresso Systems, contains the crucial elements of a computer: CPU, RAM, networking (Wi-Fi), and even a modern operating system and SDK. That makes it an excellent choice for the Internet of Things ( IoT ) projects of all kinds. However, as a chip, the ESP8266 is also hard to access and use You must solder wires, with the appropriate analog voltage, to its pins for the simplest tasks such as powering it on or sending a keystroke to the “computer” on the chip. You also have to program it in low-level machine instructions that can be interpreted by the chip hardware. This level of integration is not a problem using the ESP8266 as an embedded controller chip in mass-produced electronics. It is a huge burden for hobbyists, hackers, or students who want to experiment with it in their own IoT projects

11. 2- DHT11 DHT examine the values of temperature and humidity after a particular time period based on the adjusted digital signal output. Due to the digital signal and data visualization Temperature as well as Humidity(H) sensing module The sensor is stable and reliable. DHT is constructed of of element having resistivity that reads humidity and also a- ve Temperature coefficient element which reads temperature. DHT distributed with 8–bit microcontroller which display reliability, sensitivity, stability, very elevating response, no interference, and found in very less cost. The deployed (DHT) is given by 3-pins known as VCC connected with 5V of Node MCU, GND connected with Node MCU GND, and DATA pin is connected to the digital pin of Node MCU board .

12. 3- Soil moisture sensor The soil moisture sensor is one kind of sensor used to gauge the volumetric content of water within the soil. As the straight gravimetric dimension of soil moisture needs eliminating, drying, as well as sample weighting. These sensors measure the volumetric water content not directly with the help of some other rules of soil like dielectric constant, electrical resistance, otherwise interaction with neutrons, and replacement of the moisture content . The relation among the calculated property as well as moisture of soil should be adjusted & may change based on ecological factors like temperature, type of soil, otherwise electric conductivity. The microwave emission which is reflected can be influenced by the moisture of soil as well as mainly used in agriculture and remote sensing within hydrology .

13. This sensor mainly utilizes capacitance to gauge the water content of the soil (dielectric permittivity). The working of this sensor can be done by inserting this sensor into the earth and the status of the water content in the soil can be reported in the form of a percent. This sensor makes it perfect to execute experiments within science courses like environmental science, agricultural science, biology, soil science, botany, and horticulture

14. 4-Relay Module A relay is an electrically operated switch that can be turned on or off, letting the current go through or not, and can be controlled with low voltages, like the 5V provided by the Arduino pins. Controlling a relay module with the Arduino is as simple as controlling any other output as we’ll see later on.

15. 5- Water pump An AC engine is an electric motor powered by Associate in alternating current (AC). Figure 5 typically contains two basic sections of the AC engine: a fixed outside stator coil with AC coils to supply the rotating current; and an indoor rotor coupled with a power wave to create a second rotating current. Figure 5 The rotor movement can often be rendered through permanent magnets, touching resistance, electrical DC or AC windings

16. Software 1-( Arduino IDE) IDE stands for “Integrated Development Environment” :it is an official software introduced by Arduino.cc, that is mainly used for editing, compiling and uploading the code in the Arduino Device. Almost all Arduino modules are compatible with this software that is an open source and is readily available to install and start compiling the code on the go. In this article, we will introduce the Software, how we can install it, and make it ready for developing applications using Arduino modules

17. 2- Blylk App Blynk is an “Internet of Things” ( IoT ) platform that allows you to build your own apps to control certain devices over the internet. Blynk started off as a Kickstarter campaign in 2015, where it raised a total of 2,321 backers and raised $49,235 on a goal of just $10,000 (see the Kickstarter project here). Since then, the company has gained in popularity year-after-year. Here’s what Google Trends shows for Blynk search volume over the past 5 years in the USA

18. EXPERIMENTS AND RESULTS Connect the hardware components of the project There are two sensors and motor, led interfaced with the nodemcu . it is a very good project for learning. there is all the connections that are clear and easy to make. still, you have any doubt you can ask in the comments.

19. Blynk App setup & installation -Download and install Blynk app. -Then create a new project with any of desired name. -An authentication token will be sent to your registered Email-ID. View the mail and copy & paste it in the code where auth key is required. Also fill up your Wi-Fi details so that Blynk app and NodeMCU can communicate. Now add some Widgets to get the value from NodeMCU -Add all eidgets as directed in above pictures -will see this type of output in serial monitor, If your connection is successful.

20. Steps to upload the code to the Arduino Uno •Double click the Arduino software icon on your desktop •To open up the workspace, also called the IDE. IDE stands for Integrated Development Environment. Basically, a word processor for writing code. The full name is really a mouthfull , so we say I.D.E . •Select Board Type Arduino UNO : Under the Tools menu, find the Board submenu and navigate that to select Arduino ( Genuino ) UNO. You should use this board selection also if you are using an Adafruit Metro or any other Arduino UNO compatible . •Select Correct Serial Port : Most important you will also need to select the correct Serial port. This is where people can get tripped up . •Open Code Sketch •Upload code •After a few seconds you should get this screen, with the message Done uploading. in the status bar.

21. Conclusions We established an intelligent watering system through the integration of IoT and ICT. By adopting appropriate sensor components, control panels, and control systems to develop intelligent watering software, agricultural producers can practice automatic and intelligent watering, which can serve as a solution to problems related to the aging population and labor shortage in rural areas of Taiwan. The system developed in the present study offers the following benefits: •Watering can be performed remotely through the Internet, thereby reducing the burden on an aging population in rural areas. •Farm water can be managed precisely, thus conserving water and achieving sustainable development. •Transportation costs are reduced because watering can be performed remotely. •Watering can be performed automatically at optimal times according to soil moisture settings, thus reducing cost and increasing productivity. •Through the use of sensors to detect the presence of humans and the issuing of voice alerts, theft is less likely to occur. The proposed system helps farm producers implement automatic and intelligent watering and conserves water through precise management of the time and amount of watering. In the future, information regarding the optimal amount and time of watering may be collected and analyzed through the use of big data, which would contribute greatly to increasing the productivity of agriculture and sustainable development.

22. FUTURE WORK •The performance of the system can be further improved in terms of the operating speed, memory capacity, and instruction cycle period of the microcontroller by using other high end controllers. The number of channels can be increased to interface more number of sensors which is possible by using advanced versions of controllers. •The system can be modified with the use of a data logger and a graphical LCD panel showing the measured sensor data over a period of time. •A speaking voice alarm could be used or a mobile notification can be broadcasted to the android application. •The device can be made to perform better by providing the power supply with the help of renewable source. •Time bound administration of fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides can be introduced. •The machine learning algorithms can also be used to study the behavior of plant according to different environmental factors. •The device can also be powered with small solar panels as a power source in order to ignite the electronics inside the smart plant monitoring device.