NEWER VACCINE PPT.ppt

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1. Newer Vaccines
Presented by
S. PRANAY KUMAR
“With theexception of safe water,no other intervention,not even
antibiotics, has had such a major effect on mortality
reduction”

2. ❑“Avaccineisabiologicalpreparationthatimprovesimmunitytoa
particulardisease”
❑A vaccine typically contains an agent:
✓Resembles a disease-causing microorganism
✓Often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its
toxinsoroneofitssurfaceproteins
❑Theagentstimulatesthebody'simmunesystemtorecognizethe
agentasforeign,destroyit,and“remember”it,sothatthe
immunesystemcanmoreeasilyrecognizeanddestroyanyof
thesemicroorganismsifencounterslater.
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WHAT IS VACCINE ?

3. NEWER VACCINES and their
RELEVANCE
⚫‘New’ is relative:
❖New to the Immunization program
❖New because of recent discovery
❖New to the specific market or region (after Licensing)
⚫Introduction of a New vaccine may be
❖Vaccineagainsta disease notpreviously
covered by
immunization
❖New product formulationof a
vaccine (e.g.,a liquid vaccine replacing a
lyophilized vaccine)
❖New combination vaccine (e.g., DTP-HepB-Hib replacing
previous individual vaccines)
❖Vaccine that uses a new route of administration in place
ofa currently-usedvaccine (e.g.,an
replacing an oral vaccine)
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4. NATIONAL IMMUNISATION SCHEDULE

5. ⚫Contains 5 antigens (DPT + Hep.B + Hib)
⚫In UIP in India, Liquid vaccine available in 10 dose vials is being used
⚫Dose : 0.5 ml; 3 doses at 6, 10 and 14 weeks
⚫Targeted for children aged <1 year
⚫Booster dose is not recommended in India
⚫Common S/E : Redness, swellingand pain
at injection site,fever, irritability for short period
⚫AEFI is not higher than that reported with DPT vaccine alone
⚫Complete vaccine series induces protective efficacy of 95%
PENTAVALEN
T VACCINE
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6. Upon ingestion of OPV vaccine, the live attenuated polioviruses
replicate in the intestinal mucosa and lymphoid cells in
the oropharynx and intestine, in a similar manner to wild poliovirus
infection. Vaccine viruses are excreted in the stool
of the vaccinated person for up to 6 weeks after a dose, with
maximum shedding in the first 1 to 2 weeks after vaccination.
Revised fipv schedule in govt routine immunization started from
1 st janurary 2023.
Current doses:-2 doses of fipv vaccine each of 0.1 ml, intradermal
route at 6 and 14 weeks
Revised schedule:-3 does of fipv vaccine each 0.1 ml, ID at 6
weeks,14 weeks and 9 months

7. BCG VACCINE

8. Measles-Rubella(MR)Vaccine
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⚫Indialaunchedoneoftheworld’slargestvaccinationcampaigns
againstMeaslesandRubellawithtechnicalsupportfromWHOon5
th
February,2017
⚫Launchedin5states/UTs-Karnataka,TamilNadu,Puducherry,
GoaandLakshadweepcoveringnearly3.6crorechildren.The
campaignistargetedatvaccinatingmorethan41crorechildreninthe
agegroupof9monthstolessthan15yearsoverthenext2years
acrossthecountry
⚫MRvaccinehasbeenintroducedinroutineimmunizationandhas
replacedmeaslesvaccine,givenat9-12monthsand16-24monthsof
age,inselectedstates
⚫Till Dec 2018, more than 20 crore children have been provided MR

9. 1. Killed whole bacteria with side
effects.
2. Capsular material (Vi antigen) that
is safer and more
effective.
3. Live oral vaccine, attenuated
s.thypi strain
Oral vaccines are still being
developed to distribute in
developing countries. Ty21a is also
being used to
carry foreign antigens from Shigella
and V.
cholerae.
•WHO recommends a 0.5 mL single
dose of CV in children from 6 months
and in adults up to 45 years
• In Endemic regions like India... WHO
also encourages routine programmatic
administration of CV to children at the
same time as other vaccines, at 9
months or in the second year of life.
Typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever
are most common in parts of the world
where water and food may be unsafe
and sanitation is poor. Travellers to
South Asia, especially Pakistan, India,
and Bangladesh, should take
precautionsto prevent infection.
The types of salomonella is organism
is salomonella thypoid and parathypoid
are more common in India
According mission
indradhanush thypoid
vaccine is included

10. MALARIA VACCINE
About half of the world's population is at risk. Large areas of
Africa and South Asia and parts of Central and South
America, the Caribbean, Southeast Asia, the Middle East,
and Oceania are considered areas where malaria
transmission occurs.

11. IF THE VACCINE
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TARGETS
ITS GOAL IS TO
Pre-erythrocytic
stage
Prevent infection
Blood stage Reduce clinical disease
Sexual stage or
transmission blocking
Prevent the spread of parasites by
mosquitoes
MALARIA VACCINE
Concept of Stage Targeting

12. RTS,S/AS01(MOSQUIRIX)
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◦'RTS'standsfor'repeatTepitopes'derivedfromthesporozoite
protein;'S'standsfortheSantigenderivedfromHbsantigen;AS01
isaadjuvant
⚫RTS,S/AS01–mostadvancedvaccinecandidateagainstmost
deadlyformofhumanmalariaPlasmodiumfalciparum,withno
protectionagainstP.vivaxmalaria
⚫Reconstituted 0.5mL vaccine
⚫Administered by intramuscular injection into:
▪antero-lateral thigh in 6-12 weeks age group, and
▪left deltoid in 5-17 months age group

13. DENGUEVACCINE
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The disease is common in many popular tourist
destinations in the Caribbean (including Puerto Rico),
Central and South America, Southeast Asia, and the
Pacific Islands.

14. DENGUE VACCINE
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(DENGVAXIA)
⚫World’s first vaccine against Dengue
⚫By Sanofi Pasteur –first licensed in December, 2015, in Mexico
⚫Registered for use in individuals 9-45 years of age living in endemic
areas
⚫CYD-TDV –live recombinant tetravalent vaccine
⚫3-dose vaccine given on a 0/6/12 month schedule only who had
previously infected and then do go to contact the disease.

15. DENGVAXIA (CYD-TDV)
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⚫Thepre-membraneandenvelopeproteinsfromawildtypedengue
virusaresubstitutedintotheyellowfever(YF)17Dvaccinebackbone
⚫ThefirstphaseIstudyinchildrenwasconductedinthedenguenon-
endemicregionofMexicoCity
▪Vaccine efficacy of CYD against all serotypes was 30.2%
▪Vaccine efficacy 56.5% (Asian countries)
▪Vaccine efficacy 60.8% ( Latin America)
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green signal for dengue vaccine: More data is needed for its
universal acceptance

16. Oral Cholera
Vaccine
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⚫Threetypeoforalcholeravaccineareavailable:Dukoral,Sancholand
Euvichol.
⚫Recentlylive oral cholera VA 1.4 vaccine developed by NICED, Kolkata.
⚫66% sero-conversion using only one dose of the vaccine, more protective
than the currently available one.
⚫The results of the human clinical trial of vaccine has been published
⚫Thebiggestdifferentiatingfactoristhatunlikeotherthreevaccines,thestrain
usedintheVA1.4vaccinedoesnothavethegenethatproducesthecholera
toxin.
⚫2mainadvantages:
✓Singledoseconfershigherlevelsofprotection

17. JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS
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(JE) VACCINE
•JE vaccine SA-14-14-2 (live vaccine) was added to NIP in selected endemic districts in phased
manner since 2006 onwards
•Initiallythroughmass campaign:1-15 years (one dose during
outbreak/ahead of outbreak)
•Since2013, became a part of ROUTINEIMMUNIZATION in
identified 181 high burden districts in 2-dose schedule
•JE-1: 9-12 months
•JE-2 : 15-18 months
•2 types of JE vaccine are widely available
•Inactivated mouse-brain-derived vaccine (IMB)
•Cell-culture-derived live attenuated SA 14-14-2 vaccine
⚫Dose: 1.0 ml for adults, 0.5 ml for children.
⚫Booster: single booster dose given at an interval of about 1 year
⚫Contraindications:-Hypersensitivity to a previous dose of vaccine ,Pregnancy and immune-
suppression

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19. HIV vaccine
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⚫Urgent global priority
Vaccine
⚫Realistic goal of HIV vaccine: to prevent viremia
Candidate Component
First generation Based on envelope proteins especially gp120
Second generationLive vectors (such as canarypox) or naked
DNA coding for different HIV genes
Third generation Regulatory non-structural proteins eg. Tat (a
transactivator of HIV gene expression) and
Nef (a multifunctional protein)
Majority of these vaccines are in phase I and phase II trials.

20. Classification of candidate LEPROSY
Vaccine
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⚫FIRST GENERATION
❑Non-Cultiviable
▪Killed M. leprae
▪Killed M. leprae + BCG
▪Acetoacetylated M. Leprae Dasypus novemcinctus
❑Cultiviable
▪BCG
▪BCG + M. vaccae
▪Killed M. welchii
▪Killed ICRC
⚫SECOND GENERATION (In vitro/ Animal studies
only)
▪Subunit vaccines
▪Shuttle plasmid vaccines

21. M. Indicus Pranii (MIP Vaccine)
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⚫ThisLeprosyvaccinetobelaunchedin2018and
developed by GP Talwar, founder-director, NII,Delhi.
⚫OnPilotbasisinsixdistrictsin
Bihar(Bankaand Jamui) and Gujarat( Navsari,
Tapi, Bhaurch, and Narmda)
⚫It is a preventive measures to people living in close contact
with diseased person.
⚫TobegivealongwithadoseofRifampcin.
⚫TrailofMIPefficacyweredoneinKanpurDehatin2005.
Protectiveefficacywas68.6%atendof1
styear,59%atend
of2
ndyearand39.3%at3
rdyear.

22. Cancer vaccine
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❖This is two type
1)Preventive( prophylactic )
2)Treatment (therapeutic vaccine )
❖Preventivevaccine are gradsil, gradsil 9 and cervarix
forHPVtype16and18.
❖Therapeuticvaccinestrengtheningthenatural
defensesystemofbodyagainstthecancer.These
areprovenge-R,CG0070vaccine,Neuvax(E75)

23. ❑FDA Approved HPV Vaccines
◦Gardasil (2006)
◦Cervarix (2009)
◦Gardasil 9 (2014)
HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS (HPV) VACCINE
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24. NEWER CANCER VACCINE
1-Ca Prostate: PROVENGE® (Sipuleucel-T)
⚫Treatmentofasymptomaticorminimallysymptomaticmetastaticcastrate
resistant(mCRPC)prostatecancerorandrogenindependentcancer.
⚫3dosesat2-weekintervalswithI.V.routeandmediansurvival25.8monthsin
phase3Trial
⚫TREATMENTISCOSTEFFECTIVE
⚫2-BREASTCANCER:-Neuvax(E75)
⚫Anintradermalinjectiononcepermonthforsixmonths(total6),Boostershots
onceevery6monthsfor30months(total5)
⚫3-Bladdercancer:CG0070vaccine
⚫Type of Oncolytic virus therapy for BCG-Unresponsive Non-Muscle-Invasive
Bladder Cancer.
⚫Stimulates cytokine GM-CSF to enhance anti tumour immune response
⚫4-CERVIX:-CERVARAX :-PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AGANIST CERTAIN
TYPE OF HPV
⚫AIMSTOPREVENTTHEHPV,16AND18THATCAUSES70%OFTHE
CERVICALCANCERCASES

25. Some Edible Vaccine
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26. Newer Technologies Of Vaccine
Delivery
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DISEASESLIKE :-ALZEIMEIRS , PARKINSONS Ex: influenza vaccine patch, anthrax,
E. coli( traveler’s diarrhea).
: anthrax,
influenza,
hepatitis B DNA
vaccine
jet injection device
delivered
vaccine formulated as dry
powder or liquid jet injection.
In dry powder/liquid jet
injectionpenetrate
to epidermis/dermis without
needle by releasing helium

27. COVID VACCINES
●INACTIVATED VACCINES:-
CORONAVAC
●SINOPHARM(BBIBP-COV)
●MRNA VACCINES :-COMIRNATY
PFIZER BIONTECH
●MODERNA

28. NATIONAL IMMUNISATION
WEEK
World Immunisation Week is celebrated in the 24-30th April and is a
good opportunity for us to remember the importance of vaccination
and the role it has played in revolutionising healthcare and saving
countless lives
THEME OF THE NATIONAL IMMUNISATION: -#Long Life For All

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