NIOSOMES a targeted drug deliver system.pptx

Niosomes a novel & targeted drug delivery system

1. N IOSOMES: A novel drug Delivery System Presentation By: Harsh Thakre (Sem-VII)

2. I NTRODUCTION 🠶 DEFINATION – Niosomes are nanocarriers that are used to deliver drugs to specific sites in the body. 🠶 Niosomes are a novel drug delivery system, in which medication is encapsulated in a vesicle of a bilayer of non-ionic surfactant. 🠶 Most of the surfactants yield micellar structures on immersing in water; while, some of them yield bilayer vesicles, i.e., niosomes . 🠶 Niosomes are either unilamellar or multilamellar, depending on their preparation method.

3. Structure Of Niosomes 🠶 Niosomes are microscopic lamellar structures that are formed by the admixture of the non -ionic surfactant of alkyl or dialkyl polyglycerol ether class and cholesterol with subsequent hydration in aqueous media. 🠶 They exhibit a bilayer structure, with hydrophilic ends facing outwards and hydrophobic ends facing inward. 🠶 They encapsulating both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, enhancing drug stability and bioavailability

4. Small Unilamellar Vesicles (SUVs): The approximate size of these vesicles is 0.025-0.05μm. These are produced by sonication and French Press procedures. Multi-Lamellar Vesicles (MLVs): The approximate size of these vesicles is 0.5-10µm. They are prepared by hand -shaking method. Large Unilamellar Vesicles (LUVs): The approximate size of these vesicles is >0.10μm. These are prepared by injecting lipids ( solubilised in an organic solvent) into an aqueous buffer. T YPES OF NIOSOMES

5. Osmotically active and stable, and also increase the stability of entrapped drug. Surfactants are biodegradable, biocompatible, and non-immunogenic. Handling and storage of surfactants require no special conditions. Reach the site of action when administered by oral, parenteral and topical routes. Improve oral bioavailability of poorly absorbed drugs and enhance their skin penetration. Vesicles act as a depot and release the drug in a controlled manner. A DVANTAGES

6. Disadvantages Low stability Short Half-life Leakage of entrapped drug Aggregation & fusion Expensive Insufficient drug loading capacity

7. Methods of Preparation Ether Injection Method: This method has a disadvantage that a small amount of ether remains in the vesicle suspension and its removal is very difficult. Diethyl ether Surfactant/cholesterol mixture dissolved in slowly injected into t hrough Evaporation of ether Formation of LUVs . Aqueous phase (maintain at 60°C ) a needle

8. Hand Shaking Method: (Thin film hydration technique) dissolved in Surfactant & cholesterol Volatile organic solvent ( eg. diethyl ether, chloroform, methanol) In rotary evaporator L eaving thin layer of solid mixture Dried layer is hydrated With Aq. Phase of drug (at normal temp. with gentle agitation)

9. Sonication: Aq. phase containing drug Added to mix. of surfactant & cholesterol Scintillation vial Mix is homogenized using sonic probe ( at 60°C for 3 minutes Vesicles are small & uniform in size

10. Extrusion Method: Mix. of cholesterol & diacetyl phosphate Solvent is evaporated in a rotary vacuum evaporator Leave behind a thin film Hydrated with aq. drug solution Obtained suspension extruded through the polycarbonate membrane (of 0.1mm mean pore size) Yield niosomes of uniform sizes placed in series up to eight passages

11. A PPLICATION Anti neoplastic Treatment: Noisome can alter the metabolism, prolong circulation and half-life of the drug, thus decreasing the side effect of the drugs. Use in Studying Immune Response: Due to their immunological selectivity, low toxicity and greater stability noisome are being used to study the nature of the immune response provoked by antigens. Noisome as Carriers for Haemoglobin : Noisome can be used as carriers for haemoglobin within the blood. The niosomal vesicle is permeable to oxygen and hence can act as a carrier for haemoglobin in anaemic patients.

12. A PPLICATION It is more suitable for delivery of peptide drugs. Niosomes is best used as a carrier for hemoglobin. Ophthalmic drug delivery : To achieve good bioavailability of drug. It is used in Studying Immune Response. Transdermal drug delivery systems utilizing niosomes . Niosomal system are more helpful for diagnosticagents .

13. DRUGS USED IN NIOSOMAL DELIVERY ROUTES OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION EXAMPLES OF DRUGS Intravenous route Doxorubicin, Methotrexate, Vincristine, Amphotericin B, Zidovudine, Insulin Oral route DNA vaccines, Proteins, Peptides, Ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, Transdermal route Piroxicam, Enoxicin , Nimesulide , Ketoconazole, Ocular route Timolol maleate, Cyclopentolate Nasal route Sumatriptan, Influenza viral vaccine Inhalation All-trans retinoic acids

14. REFERENCES Malhotra M, Jain NK. Niosomes as drug carriers.  Indian Drugs.  1994;31:81–6. Baillie AJ, Florence AT, Hume LR, Muirhead GT, Rogerson A. The Preparation and propereties of Niosomes -Non ionic surfactant vesicles.  J Pharm Pharmacol .  1985;37:863–8 .  Dr. S. T. Prajapati, Dr. R. Manivannan , Dr. R. G. Katedeshmukh , Novel drug delivery system(B pharm semester-VII, Thakur publication , edition 2020. Dr. A. S. Mundada , Dr. S. L. Patwekar , Novel drug delivery system(B pharm semester-VII, TCA publication, 1 st Edition 2021.

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