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1. Natural Language Processing AI for Engineers

2. Natural Language In neuropsychology, linguistics, and the philosophy of  language , a  natural language  or ordinary  language  is any  language  that has evolved naturally in humans through use and repetition without conscious planning or premeditation.  Natural languages  can take different forms, such as speech or signing.

3. Natural Language- special types Sign languages are languages that use the visual-manual modality to convey meaning. Sign languages are expressed through manual articulations in combination with non-manual elements. Sign languages are full-fledged natural languages with their own grammar and lexicon

4. Most spoken language English  is the largest language in the world, if you count both native and non-native speakers. If you count only native speakers,  Mandarin Chinese  is the largest. Ziad Fazah , born in Liberia, brought up in Beirut and now living in Brazil, claims to be the world's greatest living polyglot, speaking a total of 59 world languages.

5. Programming Language A  programming language   is a formal language comprising a set of instructions that produce various kinds of output. Programming languages are used in computer programming to implement algorithms. Most programming languages consist of instructions for computers.

6. Programming Language- Types Machine and assembly languages. Algorithmic languages. FORTRAN. ALGOL. LISP. C. Business-oriented languages. COBOL. SQL. Education-oriented languages. BASIC. Pascal. Logo. Hypertalk Object-oriented languages. C++ C# Ada. Java. Visual Basic. Python

7. Natural language processing (NLP)

8. Problems in NLP Machines with the capability of processing something natural isn’t natural. Natural languages can’t be directly translated into a precise set of mathematical operations . Contextual information- Speakers and writers of natural languages assume that a human is the one doing the processing (listening or reading), not a machine.

9. Application of NLP

10. Natural language processing (NLP)   NLP is the whole process of turning unstructured data into structured data.  NLP helps technology to engage in communication using natural human language. Read more NLP vs. NLU vs. NLG: the differences between three natural language processing concepts

11. Speech Recognition Speech recognition , also known as automatic  speech recognition  (ASR), computer  speech recognition , or  speech - to-text , is a capability which enables a program to process human  speech  into a written format Many speech recognition applications and devices are available, but the more advanced solutions use  AI  and  machine learning . They integrate grammar, syntax, structure, and composition of audio and voice signals to understand and process human speech. Ideally, they learn as they go — evolving responses with each interaction. Read More IBM Speech Recognition Google speech to text research

12. Natural Language Understanding NLU   is Artificial Intelligence that uses computer software to interpret text and any type of unstructured data . NLU can digest a text, translate it into computer language and produce an output in a language that humans can understand. Definition: Natural Language Understanding  (NLU) is the comprehension by computers of the structure and meaning of human language (e.g., English, Spanish, Japanese), allowing users to interact with the computer using natural sentences

13. Natural Language Understanding (contd.)

14. NLU- Resources

15. Natural Language Generation Definition: NLS is the process of producing meaningful phrases and sentences in the form of natural language.” NLG automatically generates narratives that describe, summarize or explain input structured data in a human-like manner at the speed of thousands of pages per second. However, while NLG software can write, it can’t read. The part of NLP that reads human language and turns its unstructured data into structured data understandable to computers is called Natural Language Understanding. NLU takes up the understanding of the data based on grammar, the context in which it was said and decide on intent and entities. NLP converts a text into structured data. NLG generates a text based on structured data.

16. Natural Language Generation (contd.) NLG, a subfield of artificial intelligence (AI), is a software process that automatically transforms data into plain-English content.  NLP systems look at language and figure out what ideas are being communicated. NLG systems start with a set of ideas locked in data and turn them into language that, in turn, communicates them. Alexa, Cortana and others are ushering in the era of intelligent personal assistants, helping to make everyday tasks easy and efficient for consumers. Bots that Can Talk Will Help Us Get More Value from Analytics Read More@ Narrative Science

17. NLG Uses Read More @ Medium

18. Machine Translation Machine translation, sometimes referred to by the abbreviation MT, is a sub-field of computational linguistics that investigates the use of software to translate text or speech from one language to another Machine translation is the task of automatically converting source text in one language to text in another language. In a machine translation task, the input already consists of a sequence of symbols in some language, and the computer program must convert this into a sequence of symbols in another language. Further Reading A Gentle Introduction to Neural Machine Translation Uses of MT