No Men Are Foreign | Summary, Explanation & Q/A | Class 9 English Beehive Part 3 By Bijaya Sir
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Oct 01, 2025
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About This Presentation
This SlideShare presents a clear and simple explanation of James Kirkup’s poem “No Men Are Foreign” from Class 9 CBSE English Beehive. The poem gives a powerful message of universal brotherhood, peace, and equality.
🔹 What you will find inside:
✔️ Poem summary in simple words
✔️ Li...
Slide Content
No Men Are Foreign Author: James Kirkup
Part : 3
Part : 3
✒️ About the Poet (James Kirkup, 1918–2009)
Full Name: James Harold Kirkup.
Born: 23 April 1918, South Shields, England.
Died: 10 May 2009, Andorra.
Nationality: British.
Profession: Poet, translator, memoirist, playwright, and teacher.
Special Contribution:
Known for poems on peace, humanity, and equality.
Wrote about war, brotherhood, and compassion.
First English writer to live openly as a homosexual poet in Japan and later Andorra.
Published over 30 collections of poetry, plays, and translations.
Poetic Style: Simple, direct, humanitarian, and universal in appeal. Introduction
विशेष योगदान:
शांति, मानवता और समानता पर आधारित कविताओं के लिए प्रसिद्ध।
युद्ध, भाईचारे और करुणा पर लिखा।
जापान और बाद में एंडोरा में खुले तौर पर समलैंगिक कवि के रूप में रहने वाले
पहले अंग्रेजी लेखक।
30 से अधिक कविता-संग्रह, नाटक और अनुवाद प्रकाशित किए।
काव्य-शैली: सरल, सीधी, मानवीय और सार्वभौमिक आकर्षण वाली।
Full Name: James Harold Kirkup.
Born: 23 April 1918, South Shields, England.
Died: 10 May 2009, Andorra.
Nationality: British.
Profession: Poet, translator, memoirist, playwright, and teacher.
Special Contribution:
Known for poems on peace, humanity, and equality.
Wrote about war, brotherhood, and compassion.
First English writer to live openly as a homosexual poet in Japan and later Andorra.
Published over 30 collections of poetry, plays, and translations.
Poetic Style: Simple, direct, humanitarian, and universal in appeal. Introduction
विशेष योगदान:
शांति, मानवता और समानता पर आधारित कविताओं के लिए प्रसिद्ध।
युद्ध, भाईचारे और करुणा पर लिखा।
जापान और बाद में एंडोरा में खुले तौर पर समलैंगिक कवि के रूप में रहने वाले
पहले अंग्रेजी लेखक।
30 से अधिक कविता-संग्रह, नाटक और अनुवाद प्रकाशित किए।
काव्य-शैली: सरल, सीधी, मानवीय और सार्वभौमिक आकर्षण वाली।
?????? Key Features of the Poem Universal Brotherhood – Poet emphasizes equality of all men.
Condemnation of War – War destroys nature, humanity, and peace.
Equality in Life and Death – All live by the same resources and return to the same earth after death.
Environmental Concern – War pollutes earth, air, and environment.
Moral Appeal – Poem appeals for compassion, love, and peace.
?????? कविता की मुख्य विशेषताएँ (Key Features of the Poem)
सार्वभौमिक भाईचारा – कवि सभी मनुष्यों की समानता पर जोर देते हैं।
युद्ध की निंदा – युद्ध प्रकृति, मानवता और शांति को नष्ट करता है।
जीवन और मृत्यु में समानता – सभी लोग एक जैसे संसाधनों पर जीवित रहते हैं और मृत्यु के बाद एक ही धरती में विलीन हो जाते हैं।
पर्यावरणीय चिंता – युद्ध पृथ्वी, वायु और पर्यावरण को प्रदूषित करता है।
नैतिक अपील – कविता करुणा, प्रेम और शांति की ओर प्रेरित करती है।
Condemnation of War – War destroys nature, humanity, and peace.
Equality in Life and Death – All live by the same resources and return to the same earth after death.
Environmental Concern – War pollutes earth, air, and environment.
Moral Appeal – Poem appeals for compassion, love, and peace.
?????? कविता की मुख्य विशेषताएँ (Key Features of the Poem)
सार्वभौमिक भाईचारा – कवि सभी मनुष्यों की समानता पर जोर देते हैं।
युद्ध की निंदा – युद्ध प्रकृति, मानवता और शांति को नष्ट करता है।
जीवन और मृत्यु में समानता – सभी लोग एक जैसे संसाधनों पर जीवित रहते हैं और मृत्यु के बाद एक ही धरती में विलीन हो जाते हैं।
पर्यावरणीय चिंता – युद्ध पृथ्वी, वायु और पर्यावरण को प्रदूषित करता है।
नैतिक अपील – कविता करुणा, प्रेम और शांति की ओर प्रेरित करती है।
✒️ About the Poet – James Kirkup (1918–2009)
James Harold Kirkup (1918–2009) was a British poet, translator, playwright, and teacher, known for his humanitarian
themes and simple poetic style. Born in South Shields, England, he wrote more than thirty collections of poetry, plays, and
memoirs, often focusing on universal brotherhood, peace, and compassion. He spent part of his life teaching abroad,
especially in Japan, and introduced Japanese poetry and culture to Western readers through his translations. His writings
highlight the futility of war and emphasize unity among all human beings. One of his most famous works, No Men Are
Foreign, reflects his belief that all people are equal and that national boundaries are artificial. Remembered as a poet of
peace and humanity, Kirkup’s works continue to inspire readers across the world.
जेम्स हैरॉल्ड किर्कप (1918–2009) एक ब्रिटिश कवि, अनुवादक, नाटककार और शिक्षक थे, जो अपनी मानवतावादी भावनाओं और सरल
काव्य शैली के लिए प्रसिद्ध हैं। उनका जन्म इंग्लैंड के साउथ शील्ड्स में हुआ था। उन्होंने कविता, नाटक और आत्मकथाओं की 30 से अधिक
पुस्तकें लिखीं। उनकी रचनाओं का मुख्य विषय मानव समानता, शांति और भाईचारा था। उन्होंने जीवन का एक बड़ा हिस्सा विदेशों में पढ़ाने में
बिताया, विशेषकर जापान में, जहाँ से उन्होंने जापानी कविता और संस्कृति को अंग्रेज़ी में अनुवाद करके पश्चिमी दुनिया तक पहुँचाया। उनकी
कविताएँ युद्ध की निरर्थकता और मानव एकता पर बल देती हैं। उनकी प्रसिद्ध कविता No Men Are Foreign में यह संदेश दिया गया है कि
सभी मनुष्य समान हैं और देशों की सीमाएँ केवल कृत्रिम हैं। शांति और मानवता के कवि के रूप में किर्कप आज भी पूरी दुनिया में याद किए जाते
हैं।
James Harold Kirkup (1918–2009) was a British poet, translator, playwright, and teacher, known for his humanitarian
themes and simple poetic style. Born in South Shields, England, he wrote more than thirty collections of poetry, plays, and
memoirs, often focusing on universal brotherhood, peace, and compassion. He spent part of his life teaching abroad,
especially in Japan, and introduced Japanese poetry and culture to Western readers through his translations. His writings
highlight the futility of war and emphasize unity among all human beings. One of his most famous works, No Men Are
Foreign, reflects his belief that all people are equal and that national boundaries are artificial. Remembered as a poet of
peace and humanity, Kirkup’s works continue to inspire readers across the world.
जेम्स हैरॉल्ड किर्कप (1918–2009) एक ब्रिटिश कवि, अनुवादक, नाटककार और शिक्षक थे, जो अपनी मानवतावादी भावनाओं और सरल
काव्य शैली के लिए प्रसिद्ध हैं। उनका जन्म इंग्लैंड के साउथ शील्ड्स में हुआ था। उन्होंने कविता, नाटक और आत्मकथाओं की 30 से अधिक
पुस्तकें लिखीं। उनकी रचनाओं का मुख्य विषय मानव समानता, शांति और भाईचारा था। उन्होंने जीवन का एक बड़ा हिस्सा विदेशों में पढ़ाने में
बिताया, विशेषकर जापान में, जहाँ से उन्होंने जापानी कविता और संस्कृति को अंग्रेज़ी में अनुवाद करके पश्चिमी दुनिया तक पहुँचाया। उनकी
कविताएँ युद्ध की निरर्थकता और मानव एकता पर बल देती हैं। उनकी प्रसिद्ध कविता No Men Are Foreign में यह संदेश दिया गया है कि
सभी मनुष्य समान हैं और देशों की सीमाएँ केवल कृत्रिम हैं। शांति और मानवता के कवि के रूप में किर्कप आज भी पूरी दुनिया में याद किए जाते
हैं।
Word Meaning in Hindi (अर्थ)
Rememberयाद रखना
Hateघृणा करना
Brothersभाई, सहमानव
Dispossessवंचित करना, अधिकार छीनना
Betrayधोखा देना
Condemnनिंदा करना
Take arms हथियार उठाना
Stanza 4“Let us remember, whenever we are told
To hate our brothers, it is ourselves
That we shall dispossess, betray, condemn.
Remember, we who take arms against each other”
Difficult Word Meanings
आओ हम याद रखें, जब भी हमें अपने भाइयों से घृणा करने के लिए कहा जाए,
तो वास्तव में हम खुद को ही वंचित, धोखा देने और निंदा करने जा रहे हैं।
याद रखो, हम ही हैं जो एक-दूसरे के खिलाफ हथियार उठाते हैं।
Rememberयाद रखना
Hateघृणा करना
Brothersभाई, सहमानव
Dispossessवंचित करना, अधिकार छीनना
Betrayधोखा देना
Condemnनिंदा करना
Take arms हथियार उठाना
Stanza 4“Let us remember, whenever we are told
To hate our brothers, it is ourselves
That we shall dispossess, betray, condemn.
Remember, we who take arms against each other”
Difficult Word Meanings
आओ हम याद रखें, जब भी हमें अपने भाइयों से घृणा करने के लिए कहा जाए,
तो वास्तव में हम खुद को ही वंचित, धोखा देने और निंदा करने जा रहे हैं।
याद रखो, हम ही हैं जो एक-दूसरे के खिलाफ हथियार उठाते हैं।
Line Explanation in Hindi
Let us remember, whenever we are told to hate our brothers हमें याद रखना चाहिए कि जब भी कोई हमें अपने भाइयों से घृणा करने के लिए कहता है…
It is ourselves that we shall dispossess, betray, condemn …तो वास्तव में हम खुद को ही नुकसान पहुँचाते, धोखा देते और निंदा करते हैं।
Remember, we who take arms against each otherयाद रखें कि हम ही हैं जो एक-दूसरे के खिलाफ युद्ध में हथियार उठाते हैं।
Stanza 4“Let us remember, whenever we are told
To hate our brothers, it is ourselves
That we shall dispossess, betray, condemn.
Remember, we who take arms against each other”
Difficult Word Meanings
Let us remember, whenever we are told to hate our brothers हमें याद रखना चाहिए कि जब भी कोई हमें अपने भाइयों से घृणा करने के लिए कहता है…
It is ourselves that we shall dispossess, betray, condemn …तो वास्तव में हम खुद को ही नुकसान पहुँचाते, धोखा देते और निंदा करते हैं।
Remember, we who take arms against each otherयाद रखें कि हम ही हैं जो एक-दूसरे के खिलाफ युद्ध में हथियार उठाते हैं।
Stanza 4“Let us remember, whenever we are told
To hate our brothers, it is ourselves
That we shall dispossess, betray, condemn.
Remember, we who take arms against each other”
Difficult Word Meanings
Stanza 4Line 1 : Let us remember, whenever we are told to hate our brothersआओ हम याद रखें, जब भी हमें अपने भाइयों से घृणा करने के लिए कहा जाए,
1. Literal Meaning
The poet urges us to always remember that all humans are connected, especially when someone encourages hatred.
“Our brothers” refers to people of all nations, races, and communities.
2. Figurative / Deeper Meaning
Warning against hatred, prejudice, and propaganda
The poet cautions readers not to fall into the traps of hatred, stereotyping, or biased information that labels others as “different” or
“enemy.”
Figuratively, the line serves as a moral alert to guard our minds against divisive influences.
Encouragement to think critically
Kirkup urges us to pause and reflect on our shared humanity before reacting to messages that encourage discrimination or conflict.
Recognizing that others are fundamentally like us helps prevent blind obedience to harmful ideas.
Emphasis on unity despite external influences
External forces—such as politics, propaganda, or social pressures—should not divide humanity.
The poet emphasizes that understanding our common human experiences can overcome these artificial divisions.
1. Literal Meaning
The poet urges us to always remember that all humans are connected, especially when someone encourages hatred.
“Our brothers” refers to people of all nations, races, and communities.
2. Figurative / Deeper Meaning
Warning against hatred, prejudice, and propaganda
The poet cautions readers not to fall into the traps of hatred, stereotyping, or biased information that labels others as “different” or
“enemy.”
Figuratively, the line serves as a moral alert to guard our minds against divisive influences.
Encouragement to think critically
Kirkup urges us to pause and reflect on our shared humanity before reacting to messages that encourage discrimination or conflict.
Recognizing that others are fundamentally like us helps prevent blind obedience to harmful ideas.
Emphasis on unity despite external influences
External forces—such as politics, propaganda, or social pressures—should not divide humanity.
The poet emphasizes that understanding our common human experiences can overcome these artificial divisions.
Stanza 4Line 1 : Let us remember, whenever we are told to hate our brothersआओ हम याद रखें, जब भी हमें अपने भाइयों से घृणा करने के लिए कहा जाए,
1. Literal Meaning
The poet urges us to always remember that all humans are connected, especially when someone encourages hatred.
“Our brothers” refers to people of all nations, races, and communities.
2. Figurative / Deeper Meaning
घृणा, पूर्वाग्रह और प्रचार के विरुद्ध चेतावनी
1.घृणा, पूर्वाग्रह और प्रचार के खिलाफ चेतावनी
कवि पाठकों को चेतावनी देते हैं कि वे घृणा, रूढ़िबद्ध धारणाओं या पक्षपाती सूचनाओं के जाल में न फँसें, जो दूसरों को “अलग” या “शत्रु” के रूप में प्रस्तुत करती हैं।
रूपक रूप में, यह पंक्ति हमारे मन को विभाजनकारी प्रभावों से बचाने की नैतिक चेतावनी है।
2.आलोचनात्मक सोच के लिए प्रोत्साहन
किर्कप हमें प्रेरित करते हैं कि हम साझा मानवता पर ठहरकर विचार करें इससे पहले कि हम भेदभाव या संघर्ष को बढ़ावा देने वाले संदेशों पर प्रतिक्रिया दें।
यह समझना कि अन्य लोग मूल रूप से हमारे जैसे ही हैं, हमें हानिकारक विचारों के अंधानुकरण से बचाता है।
3.बाहरी प्रभावों के बावजूद एकता पर जोर
बाहरी शक्तियाँ—जैसे राजनीति, प्रचार या सामाजिक दबाव—मानवता को विभाजित नहीं करनी चाहिए।
कवि यह बताते हैं कि साझा मानव अनुभवों की समझ इन कृत्रिम विभाजनों को समाप्त कर सकती है।
2. Hindi Explanation
कवि कहता है कि याद रखें, जब भी हमें अपने भाइयों से नफ़रत करने के लिए कहा जाए।
“भाई” यहाँ सभी इंसानों का प्रतीक है।
यह पंक्ति हमें सिखाती है कि हमें नफ़रत और भेदभाव से दूर रहना चाहिए और मानवता को मानना चाहिए।
1. Literal Meaning
The poet urges us to always remember that all humans are connected, especially when someone encourages hatred.
“Our brothers” refers to people of all nations, races, and communities.
2. Figurative / Deeper Meaning
घृणा, पूर्वाग्रह और प्रचार के विरुद्ध चेतावनी
1.घृणा, पूर्वाग्रह और प्रचार के खिलाफ चेतावनी
कवि पाठकों को चेतावनी देते हैं कि वे घृणा, रूढ़िबद्ध धारणाओं या पक्षपाती सूचनाओं के जाल में न फँसें, जो दूसरों को “अलग” या “शत्रु” के रूप में प्रस्तुत करती हैं।
रूपक रूप में, यह पंक्ति हमारे मन को विभाजनकारी प्रभावों से बचाने की नैतिक चेतावनी है।
2.आलोचनात्मक सोच के लिए प्रोत्साहन
किर्कप हमें प्रेरित करते हैं कि हम साझा मानवता पर ठहरकर विचार करें इससे पहले कि हम भेदभाव या संघर्ष को बढ़ावा देने वाले संदेशों पर प्रतिक्रिया दें।
यह समझना कि अन्य लोग मूल रूप से हमारे जैसे ही हैं, हमें हानिकारक विचारों के अंधानुकरण से बचाता है।
3.बाहरी प्रभावों के बावजूद एकता पर जोर
बाहरी शक्तियाँ—जैसे राजनीति, प्रचार या सामाजिक दबाव—मानवता को विभाजित नहीं करनी चाहिए।
कवि यह बताते हैं कि साझा मानव अनुभवों की समझ इन कृत्रिम विभाजनों को समाप्त कर सकती है।
2. Hindi Explanation
कवि कहता है कि याद रखें, जब भी हमें अपने भाइयों से नफ़रत करने के लिए कहा जाए।
“भाई” यहाँ सभी इंसानों का प्रतीक है।
यह पंक्ति हमें सिखाती है कि हमें नफ़रत और भेदभाव से दूर रहना चाहिए और मानवता को मानना चाहिए।
Stanza 4Line 1 : Let us remember, whenever we are told to hate our brothersआओ हम याद रखें, जब भी हमें अपने भाइयों से घृणा करने के लिए कहा जाए,
4. Moral / Message
Always resist hatred and prejudice.
Recognize that all humans are part of one family, regardless of nationality or culture.
Hate and division are against human nature and morality.
हिंदी (Moral / संदेश)
हमेशा घृणा और पूर्वाग्रह का विरोध करना चाहिए।
यह समझना चाहिए कि सभी मनुष्य एक ही परिवार का हिस्सा हैं, चाहे उनकी राष्ट्रीयता या संस्कृति कुछ भी हो।
घृणा और विभाजन मानव स्वभाव और नैतिकता के विरुद्ध हैं।
4. Moral / Message
Always resist hatred and prejudice.
Recognize that all humans are part of one family, regardless of nationality or culture.
Hate and division are against human nature and morality.
हिंदी (Moral / संदेश)
हमेशा घृणा और पूर्वाग्रह का विरोध करना चाहिए।
यह समझना चाहिए कि सभी मनुष्य एक ही परिवार का हिस्सा हैं, चाहे उनकी राष्ट्रीयता या संस्कृति कुछ भी हो।
घृणा और विभाजन मानव स्वभाव और नैतिकता के विरुद्ध हैं।
Stanza 4Line 2 : "It is ourselves that we shall dispossess, betray, condemn"…तो वास्तव में हम खुद को ही नुकसान पहुँचाते, धोखा देते और निंदा करते हैं।
1. Literal Meaning
If we hate or fight our fellow human beings, we are actually harming ourselves.
By attacking others, we end up dispossessing (losing), betraying, and condemning (punishing) our own selves.
In short, war and hatred are self-destructive.
2. Hindi Explanation
कवि कहता है कि जब हम दूसरों से नफ़रत करते हैं या उन्हें नष्ट करने की कोशिश करते हैं, तब असल में हम खुद को ही हानि पहुँचाते हैं।
हम अपनी ही शांति और मानवता को खो देते हैं (dispossess),
हम भाईचारे के मूल्यों से विश्वासघात करते हैं (betray),
और हम खुद को दोषी और नष्ट होने के लिए अभिशप्त कर देते हैं (condemn)।
यह पंक्ति बताती है कि युद्ध और नफ़रत इंसानियत को नष्ट करती है।
1. Literal Meaning
If we hate or fight our fellow human beings, we are actually harming ourselves.
By attacking others, we end up dispossessing (losing), betraying, and condemning (punishing) our own selves.
In short, war and hatred are self-destructive.
2. Hindi Explanation
कवि कहता है कि जब हम दूसरों से नफ़रत करते हैं या उन्हें नष्ट करने की कोशिश करते हैं, तब असल में हम खुद को ही हानि पहुँचाते हैं।
हम अपनी ही शांति और मानवता को खो देते हैं (dispossess),
हम भाईचारे के मूल्यों से विश्वासघात करते हैं (betray),
और हम खुद को दोषी और नष्ट होने के लिए अभिशप्त कर देते हैं (condemn)।
यह पंक्ति बताती है कि युद्ध और नफ़रत इंसानियत को नष्ट करती है।
Stanza 4Line 2 : "It is ourselves that we shall dispossess, betray, condemn"…तो वास्तव में हम खुद को ही नुकसान पहुँचाते, धोखा देते और निंदा करते हैं।
2. Figurative / Deeper Meaning
This line conveys the paradox of war: when we destroy others, we are in fact destroying our own humanity.
Dispossess = we lose peace, love, and security.
Betray = we betray human brotherhood and values.
Condemn = we condemn ourselves to guilt, suffering, and destruction.
It is a strong anti-war warning, showing that hatred never truly harms the enemy alone—it harms all of humanity,
including us.
2. रूपकात्मक / गहन अर्थ
यह पंक्ति युद्ध का विरोधाभास (paradox) दर्शाती है: जब हम दूसरों को नष्ट करते हैं, तो वास्तव में हम अपनी ही मानवता को नष्ट कर रहे
होते हैं।
Dispossess (वंचित करना) = हम शांति, प्रेम और सुरक्षा खो देते हैं।
Betray (विश्वासघात करना) = हम मानव भाईचारे और मूल्यों के साथ विश्वासघात करते हैं।
Condemn (दोषी ठहराना / निंदा करना) = हम स्वयं को अपराधबोध, पीड़ा और विनाश के लिए दोषी ठहराते हैं।
यह एक सशक्त युद्ध-विरोधी चेतावनी है, जो दिखाती है कि घृणा कभी केवल शत्रु को नुकसान नहीं पहुँचाती—बल्कि पूरी मानवता को, जिसमें
हम स्वयं भी शामिल हैं।
2. Figurative / Deeper Meaning
This line conveys the paradox of war: when we destroy others, we are in fact destroying our own humanity.
Dispossess = we lose peace, love, and security.
Betray = we betray human brotherhood and values.
Condemn = we condemn ourselves to guilt, suffering, and destruction.
It is a strong anti-war warning, showing that hatred never truly harms the enemy alone—it harms all of humanity,
including us.
2. रूपकात्मक / गहन अर्थ
यह पंक्ति युद्ध का विरोधाभास (paradox) दर्शाती है: जब हम दूसरों को नष्ट करते हैं, तो वास्तव में हम अपनी ही मानवता को नष्ट कर रहे
होते हैं।
Dispossess (वंचित करना) = हम शांति, प्रेम और सुरक्षा खो देते हैं।
Betray (विश्वासघात करना) = हम मानव भाईचारे और मूल्यों के साथ विश्वासघात करते हैं।
Condemn (दोषी ठहराना / निंदा करना) = हम स्वयं को अपराधबोध, पीड़ा और विनाश के लिए दोषी ठहराते हैं।
यह एक सशक्त युद्ध-विरोधी चेतावनी है, जो दिखाती है कि घृणा कभी केवल शत्रु को नुकसान नहीं पहुँचाती—बल्कि पूरी मानवता को, जिसमें
हम स्वयं भी शामिल हैं।
Stanza 4Line 2 : "It is ourselves that we shall dispossess, betray, condemn"…तो वास्तव में हम खुद को ही नुकसान पहुँचाते, धोखा देते और निंदा करते हैं।
Moral / Message of the Poem
Hatred and War Backfire on Humanity
The poem teaches us that hatred, prejudice, and wars do not only harm the so-called enemy but ultimately
hurt all of humanity, including ourselves.
Violence spreads destruction, pollution, and suffering that affect every nation and every individual.
Violence Against Others is Violence Against Ourselves
By killing or harming others, we actually destroy our own humanity, morality, and values.
Such acts lead to guilt, fear, and endless cycles of revenge, which dehumanize us.
True Peace and Survival Depend on Brotherhood, Not Enmity
The poet emphasizes that love, compassion, and understanding are the real sources of strength.
Humanity can survive and progress only if we treat each other as brothers and sisters, not as enemies.
Brotherhood and unity are essential for building a harmonious, peaceful, and sustainable world.
Moral / Message of the Poem
Hatred and War Backfire on Humanity
The poem teaches us that hatred, prejudice, and wars do not only harm the so-called enemy but ultimately
hurt all of humanity, including ourselves.
Violence spreads destruction, pollution, and suffering that affect every nation and every individual.
Violence Against Others is Violence Against Ourselves
By killing or harming others, we actually destroy our own humanity, morality, and values.
Such acts lead to guilt, fear, and endless cycles of revenge, which dehumanize us.
True Peace and Survival Depend on Brotherhood, Not Enmity
The poet emphasizes that love, compassion, and understanding are the real sources of strength.
Humanity can survive and progress only if we treat each other as brothers and sisters, not as enemies.
Brotherhood and unity are essential for building a harmonious, peaceful, and sustainable world.
Stanza 4Line 2 : "It is ourselves that we shall dispossess, betray, condemn"…तो वास्तव में हम खुद को ही नुकसान पहुँचाते, धोखा देते और निंदा करते हैं।
Moral / Message of the Poem
घृणा और युद्ध मानवता पर ही उल्टा असर करते हैं
कविता हमें सिखाती है कि घृणा, पूर्वाग्रह और युद्ध केवल शत्रु को ही नहीं, बल्कि अंततः पूरी मानवता को नुकसान पहुँचाते हैं, जिसमें हम
स्वयं भी शामिल हैं।
हिंसा विनाश, प्रदूषण और पीड़ा फैलाती है, जो हर देश और हर व्यक्ति को प्रभावित करती है।
दूसरों के विरुद्ध हिंसा अपने ही विरुद्ध हिंसा है
जब हम दूसरों को मारते या नुकसान पहुँचाते हैं, तो वास्तव में हम अपनी ही मानवता, नैतिकता और मूल्यों को नष्ट कर रहे होते हैं।
ऐसे कृत्य हमें अपराधबोध, भय और प्रतिशोध के अंतहीन चक्र में डाल देते हैं, जो हमें अमानवीय बना देते हैं।
सच्ची शांति और अस्तित्व भाईचारे पर निर्भर है, शत्रुता पर नहीं
कवि बताते हैं कि प्रेम, करुणा और समझ ही सच्ची ताकत के स्रोत हैं।
मानवता तभी जीवित रह सकती है और आगे बढ़ सकती है जब हम एक-दूसरे को शत्रु नहीं बल्कि भाई-बहन के रूप में देखें।
भाईचारा और एकता एक सामंजस्यपूर्ण, शांतिपूर्ण और टिकाऊ विश्व के निर्माण के लिए अनिवार्य हैं।
Moral / Message of the Poem
घृणा और युद्ध मानवता पर ही उल्टा असर करते हैं
कविता हमें सिखाती है कि घृणा, पूर्वाग्रह और युद्ध केवल शत्रु को ही नहीं, बल्कि अंततः पूरी मानवता को नुकसान पहुँचाते हैं, जिसमें हम
स्वयं भी शामिल हैं।
हिंसा विनाश, प्रदूषण और पीड़ा फैलाती है, जो हर देश और हर व्यक्ति को प्रभावित करती है।
दूसरों के विरुद्ध हिंसा अपने ही विरुद्ध हिंसा है
जब हम दूसरों को मारते या नुकसान पहुँचाते हैं, तो वास्तव में हम अपनी ही मानवता, नैतिकता और मूल्यों को नष्ट कर रहे होते हैं।
ऐसे कृत्य हमें अपराधबोध, भय और प्रतिशोध के अंतहीन चक्र में डाल देते हैं, जो हमें अमानवीय बना देते हैं।
सच्ची शांति और अस्तित्व भाईचारे पर निर्भर है, शत्रुता पर नहीं
कवि बताते हैं कि प्रेम, करुणा और समझ ही सच्ची ताकत के स्रोत हैं।
मानवता तभी जीवित रह सकती है और आगे बढ़ सकती है जब हम एक-दूसरे को शत्रु नहीं बल्कि भाई-बहन के रूप में देखें।
भाईचारा और एकता एक सामंजस्यपूर्ण, शांतिपूर्ण और टिकाऊ विश्व के निर्माण के लिए अनिवार्य हैं।
Stanza 4Line 3 : Remember, we who take arms against each other
याद रखें कि हम ही हैं जो एक-दूसरे के खिलाफ युद्ध में हथियार उठाते हैं।
1. Literal Meaning
The poet reminds us that when we take up weapons and fight against each other, it is not
strangers fighting strangers, but humans fighting their own brothers.
Wars are not about enemies—they are about humans killing humans.
Hindi Explanation
कवि कहता है कि जब हम हथियार उठाकर एक-दूसरे के खिलाफ़ लड़ते हैं, तब असल में यह भाइयों का भाइयों से युद्ध होता है।
युद्ध में “दुश्मन” असल में हमारे जैसे ही इंसान होते हैं।
यह पंक्ति हमें सिखाती है कि हिंसा और युद्ध केवल मानवता को नष्ट करते हैं।
याद रखें कि हम ही हैं जो एक-दूसरे के खिलाफ युद्ध में हथियार उठाते हैं।
1. Literal Meaning
The poet reminds us that when we take up weapons and fight against each other, it is not
strangers fighting strangers, but humans fighting their own brothers.
Wars are not about enemies—they are about humans killing humans.
Hindi Explanation
कवि कहता है कि जब हम हथियार उठाकर एक-दूसरे के खिलाफ़ लड़ते हैं, तब असल में यह भाइयों का भाइयों से युद्ध होता है।
युद्ध में “दुश्मन” असल में हमारे जैसे ही इंसान होते हैं।
यह पंक्ति हमें सिखाती है कि हिंसा और युद्ध केवल मानवता को नष्ट करते हैं।
Stanza 4Line 3 : Remember, we who take arms against each other
याद रखें कि हम ही हैं जो एक-दूसरे के खिलाफ युद्ध में हथियार उठाते हैं।
2. Figurative / Deeper Meaning
“Take arms” = engage in war or violence
The phrase symbolizes fighting, aggression, and armed conflict.
Figuratively, it represents the destructive choice of humans to resolve differences through
violence instead of peace.
Futility of war
The poet shows the pointlessness of war, as soldiers on both sides share the same humanity—
they eat, sleep, feel, and dream alike.
Yet, they are manipulated into killing each other.
Tragedy of human division
War is presented as a tragedy of forgetting our shared identity.
When we see others as “foreign” or “different,” we destroy the very bonds that unite us.
Violence against others = violence against ourselves
The poet stresses that harming others is ultimately self-destructive.
Since all humans are connected, violence against another nation or person is, in truth, violence
against our own humanity.
याद रखें कि हम ही हैं जो एक-दूसरे के खिलाफ युद्ध में हथियार उठाते हैं।
2. Figurative / Deeper Meaning
“Take arms” = engage in war or violence
The phrase symbolizes fighting, aggression, and armed conflict.
Figuratively, it represents the destructive choice of humans to resolve differences through
violence instead of peace.
Futility of war
The poet shows the pointlessness of war, as soldiers on both sides share the same humanity—
they eat, sleep, feel, and dream alike.
Yet, they are manipulated into killing each other.
Tragedy of human division
War is presented as a tragedy of forgetting our shared identity.
When we see others as “foreign” or “different,” we destroy the very bonds that unite us.
Violence against others = violence against ourselves
The poet stresses that harming others is ultimately self-destructive.
Since all humans are connected, violence against another nation or person is, in truth, violence
against our own humanity.
Stanza 4Line 3 : Remember, we who take arms against each other
याद रखें कि हम ही हैं जो एक-दूसरे के खिलाफ युद्ध में हथियार उठाते हैं।
2. Figurative / Deeper Meaning“Take arms” = युद्ध या हिंसा में शामिल होना
यह वाक्यांश लड़ाई, आक्रामकता और सशस्त्र संघर्ष का प्रतीक है।
रूपकात्मक रूप से यह दर्शाता है कि मनुष्य मतभेदों को शांति से सुलझाने के बजाय हिंसा का विनाशकारी रास्ता चुन लेता है।
युद्ध की निरर्थकता
कवि युद्ध की निरर्थकता को दिखाता है, क्योंकि दोनों ओर के सैनिक समान मानवता से जुड़े होते हैं—वे भी खाते हैं, सोते हैं, महसूस करते हैं
और सपने देखते हैं।
फिर भी उन्हें एक-दूसरे को मारने के लिए बहकाया जाता है।
मानव विभाजन की त्रासदी
युद्ध को इस रूप में प्रस्तुत किया गया है कि यह हमारी साझा पहचान को भूल जाने की त्रासदी है।
जब हम दूसरों को “विदेशी” या “अलग” मानते हैं, तब हम उस भाईचारे और एकता के बंधन को तोड़ देते हैं जो हमें जोड़ता है।
दूसरों के खिलाफ हिंसा = अपने खिलाफ हिंसा
कवि ज़ोर देकर कहता है कि दूसरों को नुकसान पहुँचाना अंततः स्वयं को नुकसान पहुँचाना है।
चूँकि सभी मनुष्य आपस में जुड़े हुए हैं, इसलिए किसी दूसरे देश या व्यक्ति पर हिंसा करना वास्तव में हमारी अपनी मानवता, नैतिकता और
शांति को नष्ट करना है।
याद रखें कि हम ही हैं जो एक-दूसरे के खिलाफ युद्ध में हथियार उठाते हैं।
2. Figurative / Deeper Meaning“Take arms” = युद्ध या हिंसा में शामिल होना
यह वाक्यांश लड़ाई, आक्रामकता और सशस्त्र संघर्ष का प्रतीक है।
रूपकात्मक रूप से यह दर्शाता है कि मनुष्य मतभेदों को शांति से सुलझाने के बजाय हिंसा का विनाशकारी रास्ता चुन लेता है।
युद्ध की निरर्थकता
कवि युद्ध की निरर्थकता को दिखाता है, क्योंकि दोनों ओर के सैनिक समान मानवता से जुड़े होते हैं—वे भी खाते हैं, सोते हैं, महसूस करते हैं
और सपने देखते हैं।
फिर भी उन्हें एक-दूसरे को मारने के लिए बहकाया जाता है।
मानव विभाजन की त्रासदी
युद्ध को इस रूप में प्रस्तुत किया गया है कि यह हमारी साझा पहचान को भूल जाने की त्रासदी है।
जब हम दूसरों को “विदेशी” या “अलग” मानते हैं, तब हम उस भाईचारे और एकता के बंधन को तोड़ देते हैं जो हमें जोड़ता है।
दूसरों के खिलाफ हिंसा = अपने खिलाफ हिंसा
कवि ज़ोर देकर कहता है कि दूसरों को नुकसान पहुँचाना अंततः स्वयं को नुकसान पहुँचाना है।
चूँकि सभी मनुष्य आपस में जुड़े हुए हैं, इसलिए किसी दूसरे देश या व्यक्ति पर हिंसा करना वास्तव में हमारी अपनी मानवता, नैतिकता और
शांति को नष्ट करना है।
Word Meaning in Hindi (अर्थ)
Defile अपवित्र करना, गंदा करना
Hells नर्क जैसी स्थिति
Outrage अपमानित करना, बिगाड़ना
Innocenceमासूमियत, पवित्रता
Air हवा
Foreign पराया, विदेशी
Strange अजनबी, अनजान
Stanza 5“It is the human earth that we defile,
Our hells of fire and dust outrage the innocence
Of air that is everywhere our own,
Remember, no men are foreign, and no countries strange.” Difficult Word Meanings
यह वही मानव धरती है जिसे हम अपवित्र (गंदा) करते हैं।
हमारी आग और धूल की नर्क जैसी स्थिति उस मासूम हवा को भी दूषित कर देती है,
जो हर जगह हमारी अपनी है।
याद रखो, कोई भी मनुष्य पराया नहीं है और कोई भी देश अजनबी नहीं है।
War pollutes and destroys the earth.
Fire and dust from war damage the pure air we all share.
The poet repeats his message: No men are foreign, no countries
strange.
?????? Meaning: War destroys humanity and the environment. Unity and
peace are the only way.
Defile अपवित्र करना, गंदा करना
Hells नर्क जैसी स्थिति
Outrage अपमानित करना, बिगाड़ना
Innocenceमासूमियत, पवित्रता
Air हवा
Foreign पराया, विदेशी
Strange अजनबी, अनजान
Stanza 5“It is the human earth that we defile,
Our hells of fire and dust outrage the innocence
Of air that is everywhere our own,
Remember, no men are foreign, and no countries strange.” Difficult Word Meanings
यह वही मानव धरती है जिसे हम अपवित्र (गंदा) करते हैं।
हमारी आग और धूल की नर्क जैसी स्थिति उस मासूम हवा को भी दूषित कर देती है,
जो हर जगह हमारी अपनी है।
याद रखो, कोई भी मनुष्य पराया नहीं है और कोई भी देश अजनबी नहीं है।
War pollutes and destroys the earth.
Fire and dust from war damage the pure air we all share.
The poet repeats his message: No men are foreign, no countries
strange.
?????? Meaning: War destroys humanity and the environment. Unity and
peace are the only way.
Line Explanation in Hindi
It is the human earth that we defile यह हमारी ही मानव धरती है, जिसे युद्ध और हिंसा से हम गंदा कर रहे हैं।
Our hells of fire and dust outrage the innocence हमारी युद्ध की आग और धूल की नर्क जैसी स्थितियाँ प्रकृति की मासूम पवित्रता को नष्ट कर देती हैं।
Of air that is everywhere our own वह हवा, जो हर जगह हमारी अपनी है, युद्ध से दूषित हो जाती है।
Remember, no men are foreign, and no countries strangeयाद रखो, कोई भी मनुष्य अजनबी नहीं और कोई भी देश पराया नहीं है।
Stanza 5“It is the human earth that we defile,
Our hells of fire and dust outrage the innocence
Of air that is everywhere our own,
Remember, no men are foreign, and no countries strange.” Difficult Word Meanings
It is the human earth that we defile यह हमारी ही मानव धरती है, जिसे युद्ध और हिंसा से हम गंदा कर रहे हैं।
Our hells of fire and dust outrage the innocence हमारी युद्ध की आग और धूल की नर्क जैसी स्थितियाँ प्रकृति की मासूम पवित्रता को नष्ट कर देती हैं।
Of air that is everywhere our own वह हवा, जो हर जगह हमारी अपनी है, युद्ध से दूषित हो जाती है।
Remember, no men are foreign, and no countries strangeयाद रखो, कोई भी मनुष्य अजनबी नहीं और कोई भी देश पराया नहीं है।
Stanza 5“It is the human earth that we defile,
Our hells of fire and dust outrage the innocence
Of air that is everywhere our own,
Remember, no men are foreign, and no countries strange.” Difficult Word Meanings
Stanza 5
Line 1 : "It is the human earth that we defile,"यह हमारी ही मानव धरती है, जिसे युद्ध और हिंसा से हम गंदा कर रहे हैं।
1. Literal Meaning
The poet says that when we fight wars and kill each other, we are not only harming people but also
polluting and spoiling the earth itself.
War destroys fields, homes, nature, and the beauty of the planet.
कवि कहता है कि जब हम युद्ध करते हैं, तो हम सिर्फ़ इंसानों को ही नहीं, बल्कि पृथ्वी को भी अपवित्र (गंदा और नष्ट) करते हैं।
युद्ध से खेत उजड़ जाते हैं, शहर जल जाते हैं, और धरती पर खून और विनाश छा जाता है।
यह पंक्ति हमें याद दिलाती है कि धरती सबकी है, और जब हम इसे नष्ट करते हैं तो असल में हम अपना ही घर नष्ट करते हैं।
Line 1 : "It is the human earth that we defile,"यह हमारी ही मानव धरती है, जिसे युद्ध और हिंसा से हम गंदा कर रहे हैं।
1. Literal Meaning
The poet says that when we fight wars and kill each other, we are not only harming people but also
polluting and spoiling the earth itself.
War destroys fields, homes, nature, and the beauty of the planet.
कवि कहता है कि जब हम युद्ध करते हैं, तो हम सिर्फ़ इंसानों को ही नहीं, बल्कि पृथ्वी को भी अपवित्र (गंदा और नष्ट) करते हैं।
युद्ध से खेत उजड़ जाते हैं, शहर जल जाते हैं, और धरती पर खून और विनाश छा जाता है।
यह पंक्ति हमें याद दिलाती है कि धरती सबकी है, और जब हम इसे नष्ट करते हैं तो असल में हम अपना ही घर नष्ट करते हैं।
Stanza 5
Line 1 : "It is the human earth that we defile,"यह हमारी ही मानव धरती है, जिसे युद्ध और हिंसा से हम गंदा कर रहे हैं।
2. Figurative / Deeper Meaning
Meaning of “defile”
Literally, defile means to make dirty, to pollute, or to dishonor.
Figuratively, it symbolizes the way wars spoil the purity of the earth and the dignity of humanity.
War pollutes the earth
Wars leave behind bloodshed, destruction, hatred, and scars on both the land and people’s hearts.
The earth, which should nurture life, is turned into a graveyard.
The earth is our shared home
The poet reminds us that the planet belongs to all humanity equally.
When wars pollute or dishonor it, we are damaging the very home we all depend upon.
Wider impact of war
This line stresses that war is not only about soldiers and battles—it is about the suffering of humanity and
the destruction of nature.
By “defiling” the earth, humans dishonor themselves, their shared existence, and their future generations.
Line 1 : "It is the human earth that we defile,"यह हमारी ही मानव धरती है, जिसे युद्ध और हिंसा से हम गंदा कर रहे हैं।
2. Figurative / Deeper Meaning
Meaning of “defile”
Literally, defile means to make dirty, to pollute, or to dishonor.
Figuratively, it symbolizes the way wars spoil the purity of the earth and the dignity of humanity.
War pollutes the earth
Wars leave behind bloodshed, destruction, hatred, and scars on both the land and people’s hearts.
The earth, which should nurture life, is turned into a graveyard.
The earth is our shared home
The poet reminds us that the planet belongs to all humanity equally.
When wars pollute or dishonor it, we are damaging the very home we all depend upon.
Wider impact of war
This line stresses that war is not only about soldiers and battles—it is about the suffering of humanity and
the destruction of nature.
By “defiling” the earth, humans dishonor themselves, their shared existence, and their future generations.
Stanza 5
Line 1 : "It is the human earth that we defile,"यह हमारी ही मानव धरती है, जिसे युद्ध और हिंसा से हम गंदा कर रहे हैं।
3. Moral / Message
The poet conveys that war brings destruction not only to human lives but also to nature. When people fight,
they shed blood on the same earth that gives them food, water, and shelter. In doing so, they disrespect and
dishonor the very land that sustains everyone.
The message is that peace and harmony are necessary for the survival of both humanity and the environment.
Wars create hatred, divisions, and pollution, while peace preserves life and natural resources. Thus, the poet
urges us to live as brothers, respecting each other and the earth.
कवि यह बताना चाहते हैं कि युद्ध केवल मानव जीवन को ही नहीं, बल्कि प्रकृति को भी नष्ट करता है। जब लोग लड़ते हैं, तो वे उसी धरती पर रक्त बहाते हैं जो
उन्हें भोजन, जल और आश्रय प्रदान करती है। ऐसा करके वे उस धरती का अपमान और अनादर करते हैं, जो सभी के जीवन का आधार है।
कविता का संदेश यह है कि मानवता और पर्यावरण के अस्तित्व के लिए शांति और सामंजस्य आवश्यक हैं। युद्ध घृणा, विभाजन और प्रदूषण फैलाते हैं, जबकि
शांति जीवन और प्राकृतिक संसाधनों की रक्षा करती है। इसलिए कवि हमें यह प्रेरणा देते हैं कि हमें भाईचारे के साथ जीना चाहिए, एक-दूसरे और धरती का
सम्मान करना चाहिए।
Line 1 : "It is the human earth that we defile,"यह हमारी ही मानव धरती है, जिसे युद्ध और हिंसा से हम गंदा कर रहे हैं।
3. Moral / Message
The poet conveys that war brings destruction not only to human lives but also to nature. When people fight,
they shed blood on the same earth that gives them food, water, and shelter. In doing so, they disrespect and
dishonor the very land that sustains everyone.
The message is that peace and harmony are necessary for the survival of both humanity and the environment.
Wars create hatred, divisions, and pollution, while peace preserves life and natural resources. Thus, the poet
urges us to live as brothers, respecting each other and the earth.
कवि यह बताना चाहते हैं कि युद्ध केवल मानव जीवन को ही नहीं, बल्कि प्रकृति को भी नष्ट करता है। जब लोग लड़ते हैं, तो वे उसी धरती पर रक्त बहाते हैं जो
उन्हें भोजन, जल और आश्रय प्रदान करती है। ऐसा करके वे उस धरती का अपमान और अनादर करते हैं, जो सभी के जीवन का आधार है।
कविता का संदेश यह है कि मानवता और पर्यावरण के अस्तित्व के लिए शांति और सामंजस्य आवश्यक हैं। युद्ध घृणा, विभाजन और प्रदूषण फैलाते हैं, जबकि
शांति जीवन और प्राकृतिक संसाधनों की रक्षा करती है। इसलिए कवि हमें यह प्रेरणा देते हैं कि हमें भाईचारे के साथ जीना चाहिए, एक-दूसरे और धरती का
सम्मान करना चाहिए।
Stanza 5Line 1 : "Our hells of fire and dust outrage the innocenceहमारी युद्ध की आग और धूल की नर्क जैसी स्थितियाँ प्रकृति की मासूम पवित्रता को नष्ट कर देती हैं।
1. Literal Meaning
The poet says that wars create hellish conditions—fire, destruction, and dust—that harm innocent people.
Civilians, children, and ordinary people suffer the most during conflicts.
कवि कहता है कि हमारे युद्ध आग और धूल के नरक पैदा करते हैं, जो निर्दोष लोगों को प्रभावित करते हैं।
यहाँ “निर्दोष” से मतलब है बच्चों, आम लोगों और कमजोरों से।
यह पंक्ति दिखाती है कि युद्ध और नफ़रत केवल विरोधियों को ही नहीं, बल्कि सभी को हानि पहुँचाते हैं, इसलिए हमें शांति अपनानी चाहिए।
1. Literal Meaning
The poet says that wars create hellish conditions—fire, destruction, and dust—that harm innocent people.
Civilians, children, and ordinary people suffer the most during conflicts.
कवि कहता है कि हमारे युद्ध आग और धूल के नरक पैदा करते हैं, जो निर्दोष लोगों को प्रभावित करते हैं।
यहाँ “निर्दोष” से मतलब है बच्चों, आम लोगों और कमजोरों से।
यह पंक्ति दिखाती है कि युद्ध और नफ़रत केवल विरोधियों को ही नहीं, बल्कि सभी को हानि पहुँचाते हैं, इसलिए हमें शांति अपनानी चाहिए।
Stanza 5Line 2 : "Our hells of fire and dust outrage the innocenceहमारी युद्ध की आग और धूल की नर्क जैसी स्थितियाँ प्रकृति की मासूम पवित्रता को नष्ट कर देती हैं।
2. Figurative / Deeper Meaning
“Hells of fire and dust”
Symbolizes war, bombing, destruction, and chaos.
Figuratively, it depicts the nightmarish reality of conflict that devastates landscapes and lives.
“Innocence”
Represents those who are pure, unarmed, and helpless, such as children, ordinary civilians, and non-
combatants.
Figuratively, it shows the vulnerability of the innocent in times of war.
Human cost of war
The line emphasizes that hatred and violence destroy innocent lives, leaving lasting scars on people and
societies.
War is not just about armies—it affects everyone, especially those who did not choose to fight.
Reinforcement of central theme
Kirkup’s central idea—“No men are foreign”—is reinforced here: hatred and war harm all humans, breaking the
shared bonds of humanity.
Recognizing the suffering of the innocent reminds us why empathy and peace are essential.
2. Figurative / Deeper Meaning
“Hells of fire and dust”
Symbolizes war, bombing, destruction, and chaos.
Figuratively, it depicts the nightmarish reality of conflict that devastates landscapes and lives.
“Innocence”
Represents those who are pure, unarmed, and helpless, such as children, ordinary civilians, and non-
combatants.
Figuratively, it shows the vulnerability of the innocent in times of war.
Human cost of war
The line emphasizes that hatred and violence destroy innocent lives, leaving lasting scars on people and
societies.
War is not just about armies—it affects everyone, especially those who did not choose to fight.
Reinforcement of central theme
Kirkup’s central idea—“No men are foreign”—is reinforced here: hatred and war harm all humans, breaking the
shared bonds of humanity.
Recognizing the suffering of the innocent reminds us why empathy and peace are essential.
Stanza 5Line 2 : "Our hells of fire and dust outrage the innocenceहमारी युद्ध की आग और धूल की नर्क जैसी स्थितियाँ प्रकृति की मासूम पवित्रता को नष्ट कर देती हैं।
2. Figurative / Deeper Meaning
“Hells of fire and dust”
यह युद्ध, बमबारी, विनाश और अराजकता का प्रतीक है।
रूपकात्मक रूप में यह संघर्ष की उस भयानक वास्तविकता को दर्शाता है जो जीवन और प्राकृतिक वातावरण दोनों को नष्ट कर देती है।
“Innocence”
यह उन लोगों का प्रतीक है जो निर्मल, निर्बल और असहाय हैं, जैसे बच्चे, आम नागरिक और गैर-योद्धा।
रूपक के रूप में यह दर्शाता है कि युद्ध के समय निर्दोष लोग कितने असुरक्षित और प्रभावित होते हैं।
युद्ध की मानव लागत
यह पंक्ति बताती है कि घृणा और हिंसा निर्दोष जीवन को नष्ट कर देती हैं और लोगों और समाजों पर स्थायी चोट छोड़ जाती हैं।
युद्ध केवल सेनाओं तक सीमित नहीं है—यह हर किसी को प्रभावित करता है, विशेषकर उन लोगों को जो लड़ने का विकल्प नहीं चुनते।
मुख्य विचार की पुष्टि
किर्कप का मुख्य संदेश—“No men are foreign”—यहाँ और भी स्पष्ट होता है:
घृणा और युद्ध सभी मनुष्यों को नुकसान पहुँचाते हैं और मानवता के साझा बंधनों को तोड़ते हैं।
निर्दोषों के दुःख को पहचानने से हमें यह याद दिलाया जाता है कि सहानुभूति और शांति कितनी आवश्यक हैं।
2. Figurative / Deeper Meaning
“Hells of fire and dust”
यह युद्ध, बमबारी, विनाश और अराजकता का प्रतीक है।
रूपकात्मक रूप में यह संघर्ष की उस भयानक वास्तविकता को दर्शाता है जो जीवन और प्राकृतिक वातावरण दोनों को नष्ट कर देती है।
“Innocence”
यह उन लोगों का प्रतीक है जो निर्मल, निर्बल और असहाय हैं, जैसे बच्चे, आम नागरिक और गैर-योद्धा।
रूपक के रूप में यह दर्शाता है कि युद्ध के समय निर्दोष लोग कितने असुरक्षित और प्रभावित होते हैं।
युद्ध की मानव लागत
यह पंक्ति बताती है कि घृणा और हिंसा निर्दोष जीवन को नष्ट कर देती हैं और लोगों और समाजों पर स्थायी चोट छोड़ जाती हैं।
युद्ध केवल सेनाओं तक सीमित नहीं है—यह हर किसी को प्रभावित करता है, विशेषकर उन लोगों को जो लड़ने का विकल्प नहीं चुनते।
मुख्य विचार की पुष्टि
किर्कप का मुख्य संदेश—“No men are foreign”—यहाँ और भी स्पष्ट होता है:
घृणा और युद्ध सभी मनुष्यों को नुकसान पहुँचाते हैं और मानवता के साझा बंधनों को तोड़ते हैं।
निर्दोषों के दुःख को पहचानने से हमें यह याद दिलाया जाता है कि सहानुभूति और शांति कितनी आवश्यक हैं।
Stanza 5
3. Moral / Message
The poet highlights that wars destroy not only human life but also moral values, and their effects reach even the
innocent. Hatred, anger, and violence cause suffering for everyone, not just those considered enemies.
The message is to promote peace, compassion, and understanding, and to recognize the shared humanity that connects
all of us.
कवि बताता है कि युद्ध न केवल जीवन बल्कि नैतिकता को भी नष्ट करता है, और इसके प्रभाव निर्दोषों तक पहुँचते हैं। घृणा और हिंसा केवल शत्रु तक
नहीं, बल्कि सभी को दुख देती है। इसलिए हमें शांति, करुणा और साझा मानवता को समझना चाहिए।
Line 2 : "Our hells of fire and dust outrage the innocenceहमारी युद्ध की आग और धूल की नर्क जैसी स्थितियाँ प्रकृति की मासूम पवित्रता को नष्ट कर देती हैं।
3. Moral / Message
The poet highlights that wars destroy not only human life but also moral values, and their effects reach even the
innocent. Hatred, anger, and violence cause suffering for everyone, not just those considered enemies.
The message is to promote peace, compassion, and understanding, and to recognize the shared humanity that connects
all of us.
कवि बताता है कि युद्ध न केवल जीवन बल्कि नैतिकता को भी नष्ट करता है, और इसके प्रभाव निर्दोषों तक पहुँचते हैं। घृणा और हिंसा केवल शत्रु तक
नहीं, बल्कि सभी को दुख देती है। इसलिए हमें शांति, करुणा और साझा मानवता को समझना चाहिए।
Line 2 : "Our hells of fire and dust outrage the innocenceहमारी युद्ध की आग और धूल की नर्क जैसी स्थितियाँ प्रकृति की मासूम पवित्रता को नष्ट कर देती हैं।
Stanza 5
Line 3 : Of air that is everywhere our ownवह हवा, जो हर जगह हमारी अपनी है, युद्ध से दूषित हो जाती है।
1. Literal Meaning
The poet says that the air we breathe is common to all humans.
No matter what country or region we live in, everyone shares the same air.कवि कहता है कि वह हवा जो हम सभी सांस लेते हैं, सबकी समान है।
जैसे हवा सबके लिए बराबर है, वैसे ही मानवता, प्रेम और भाईचारा भी सबके लिए समान होना चाहिए।
यह पंक्ति सभी इंसानों की एकता और समानता का संदेश देती है।
Line 3 : Of air that is everywhere our ownवह हवा, जो हर जगह हमारी अपनी है, युद्ध से दूषित हो जाती है।
1. Literal Meaning
The poet says that the air we breathe is common to all humans.
No matter what country or region we live in, everyone shares the same air.कवि कहता है कि वह हवा जो हम सभी सांस लेते हैं, सबकी समान है।
जैसे हवा सबके लिए बराबर है, वैसे ही मानवता, प्रेम और भाईचारा भी सबके लिए समान होना चाहिए।
यह पंक्ति सभी इंसानों की एकता और समानता का संदेश देती है।
Stanza 5
Line 3 : Of air that is everywhere our ownवह हवा, जो हर जगह हमारी अपनी है, युद्ध से दूषित हो जाती है।
2. Figurative / Deeper Meaning
Air as a symbol
Air represents life, equality, and universality.
Figuratively, it shows that just as everyone breathes the same air, humanity is shared by all, regardless of
nationality, religion, or race.
Universality of compassion and peace
The poet implies that love, empathy, and peace should also be universal—accessible to everyone and not limited
by borders.
Just like air sustains life everywhere, humanity and kindness should sustain relationships across the world.
Reinforcement of central theme
The line echoes the poem’s main idea: “No men are foreign.”
All people are connected through shared life experiences and shared humanity.
Line 3 : Of air that is everywhere our ownवह हवा, जो हर जगह हमारी अपनी है, युद्ध से दूषित हो जाती है।
2. Figurative / Deeper Meaning
Air as a symbol
Air represents life, equality, and universality.
Figuratively, it shows that just as everyone breathes the same air, humanity is shared by all, regardless of
nationality, religion, or race.
Universality of compassion and peace
The poet implies that love, empathy, and peace should also be universal—accessible to everyone and not limited
by borders.
Just like air sustains life everywhere, humanity and kindness should sustain relationships across the world.
Reinforcement of central theme
The line echoes the poem’s main idea: “No men are foreign.”
All people are connected through shared life experiences and shared humanity.
Stanza 5
Line 3 : Of air that is everywhere our ownवह हवा, जो हर जगह हमारी अपनी है, युद्ध से दूषित हो जाती है।
2. Figurative / Deeper Meaning
Air as a Symbol (हवा का प्रतीक)
हवा जीवन, समानता और सार्वभौमिकता का प्रतीक है।
रूपकात्मक रूप में यह दिखाता है कि जैसे हर कोई एक ही हवा में सांस लेता है, वैसे ही मानवता सभी की साझा है, चाहे उनकी राष्ट्रीयता, धर्म या जाति कुछ
भी हो।
सहानुभूति और शांति की सार्वभौमिकता
कवि यह दर्शाते हैं कि प्रेम, सहानुभूति और शांति भी सार्वभौमिक होनी चाहिए—यानी यह सभी के लिए उपलब्ध होनी चाहिए और सीमाओं तक सीमित नहीं
होनी चाहिए।
जैसे हवा हर जगह जीवन को बनाए रखती है, वैसे ही मानवता और करुणा दुनिया भर में संबंधों को बनाए रखने में सहायक होनी चाहिए।
मुख्य विचार की पुष्टि
यह पंक्ति कविता के मुख्य संदेश “No men are foreign” की पुष्टि करती है।
सभी लोग साझा जीवन अनुभव और साझा मानवता के माध्यम से जुड़े हुए हैं।
Line 3 : Of air that is everywhere our ownवह हवा, जो हर जगह हमारी अपनी है, युद्ध से दूषित हो जाती है।
2. Figurative / Deeper Meaning
Air as a Symbol (हवा का प्रतीक)
हवा जीवन, समानता और सार्वभौमिकता का प्रतीक है।
रूपकात्मक रूप में यह दिखाता है कि जैसे हर कोई एक ही हवा में सांस लेता है, वैसे ही मानवता सभी की साझा है, चाहे उनकी राष्ट्रीयता, धर्म या जाति कुछ
भी हो।
सहानुभूति और शांति की सार्वभौमिकता
कवि यह दर्शाते हैं कि प्रेम, सहानुभूति और शांति भी सार्वभौमिक होनी चाहिए—यानी यह सभी के लिए उपलब्ध होनी चाहिए और सीमाओं तक सीमित नहीं
होनी चाहिए।
जैसे हवा हर जगह जीवन को बनाए रखती है, वैसे ही मानवता और करुणा दुनिया भर में संबंधों को बनाए रखने में सहायक होनी चाहिए।
मुख्य विचार की पुष्टि
यह पंक्ति कविता के मुख्य संदेश “No men are foreign” की पुष्टि करती है।
सभी लोग साझा जीवन अनुभव और साझा मानवता के माध्यम से जुड़े हुए हैं।
Stanza 5
Line 3 : Of air that is everywhere our ownवह हवा, जो हर जगह हमारी अपनी है, युद्ध से दूषित हो जाती है।
3. Moral / Message
The poet emphasizes that all human beings share the same basic life and resources, like air, water, and sunlight.
Things like borders, nationalities, and cultural differences are superficial compared to the life we all share.
The message is to acknowledge our interconnectedness, live in harmony, and respect one another, realizing that despite
differences, we are all part of the same human family.
कवि बताता है कि सभी मनुष्य समान जीवन और संसाधनों (जैसे हवा, पानी, सूर्य) को साझा करते हैं। सीमाएँ, राष्ट्रीयताएँ और भिन्नताएँ हमारी साझा
मानवता की तुलना में मामूली हैं। हमें अपने आपसी संबंधों को पहचानकर एक-दूसरे का सम्मान करना चाहिए।
Line 3 : Of air that is everywhere our ownवह हवा, जो हर जगह हमारी अपनी है, युद्ध से दूषित हो जाती है।
3. Moral / Message
The poet emphasizes that all human beings share the same basic life and resources, like air, water, and sunlight.
Things like borders, nationalities, and cultural differences are superficial compared to the life we all share.
The message is to acknowledge our interconnectedness, live in harmony, and respect one another, realizing that despite
differences, we are all part of the same human family.
कवि बताता है कि सभी मनुष्य समान जीवन और संसाधनों (जैसे हवा, पानी, सूर्य) को साझा करते हैं। सीमाएँ, राष्ट्रीयताएँ और भिन्नताएँ हमारी साझा
मानवता की तुलना में मामूली हैं। हमें अपने आपसी संबंधों को पहचानकर एक-दूसरे का सम्मान करना चाहिए।
Stanza 5
Line 4 : Remember, no men are foreign, and no countries strange
याद रखो, कोई भी मनुष्य अजनबी नहीं और कोई भी देश पराया नहीं है।
1. Literal Meaning
The poet repeats the central message: no human being is a stranger, and no country is truly foreign.
All humans, regardless of nationality, race, or religion, share the same humanity.
कवि कहता है कि कोई भी इंसान अजनबी नहीं है और कोई देश पराया नहीं है।
सभी मनुष्य समान हैं, और देशों और जातियों का भेद केवल बाहरी है।
यह पंक्ति सभी मनुष्यों की एकता, भाईचारा और शांति का संदेश देती है।
Line 4 : Remember, no men are foreign, and no countries strange
याद रखो, कोई भी मनुष्य अजनबी नहीं और कोई भी देश पराया नहीं है।
1. Literal Meaning
The poet repeats the central message: no human being is a stranger, and no country is truly foreign.
All humans, regardless of nationality, race, or religion, share the same humanity.
कवि कहता है कि कोई भी इंसान अजनबी नहीं है और कोई देश पराया नहीं है।
सभी मनुष्य समान हैं, और देशों और जातियों का भेद केवल बाहरी है।
यह पंक्ति सभी मनुष्यों की एकता, भाईचारा और शांति का संदेश देती है।
Stanza 5
Line 4 : Remember, no men are foreign, and no countries strange
याद रखो, कोई भी मनुष्य अजनबी नहीं और कोई भी देश पराया नहीं है।
2. Figurative / Deeper Meaning
Universal brotherhood and equality
The line stresses that all humans are equal and part of a single human family.
Figuratively, it highlights the moral and emotional bonds that unite people across nations.
Superficial differences vs. shared humanity
Differences such as culture, language, religion, or nationality are only outward appearances.
What truly matters is our shared human nature, which unites us and makes us fundamentally similar.
Anti-war and pro-peace message
The poet reinforces that hatred, prejudice, and war are meaningless.
Recognizing our common humanity encourages peace, empathy, and understanding across borders.
Line 4 : Remember, no men are foreign, and no countries strange
याद रखो, कोई भी मनुष्य अजनबी नहीं और कोई भी देश पराया नहीं है।
2. Figurative / Deeper Meaning
Universal brotherhood and equality
The line stresses that all humans are equal and part of a single human family.
Figuratively, it highlights the moral and emotional bonds that unite people across nations.
Superficial differences vs. shared humanity
Differences such as culture, language, religion, or nationality are only outward appearances.
What truly matters is our shared human nature, which unites us and makes us fundamentally similar.
Anti-war and pro-peace message
The poet reinforces that hatred, prejudice, and war are meaningless.
Recognizing our common humanity encourages peace, empathy, and understanding across borders.
Stanza 5
Line 4 : Remember, no men are foreign, and no countries strange
याद रखो, कोई भी मनुष्य अजनबी नहीं और कोई भी देश पराया नहीं है।
2. Figurative / Deeper Meaning
Universal Brotherhood and Equality (सार्वभौमिक भाईचारा और समानता)
यह पंक्ति इस बात पर जोर देती है कि सभी मनुष्य समान हैं और एक ही मानव परिवार का हिस्सा हैं।
रूपकात्मक रूप में यह उन नैतिक और भावनात्मक बंधनों को दर्शाता है जो देशों के बीच लोगों को जोड़ते हैं।
Superficial Differences vs. Shared Humanity (बाहरी भिन्नताएँ बनाम साझा मानवता)
संस्कृति, भाषा, धर्म या राष्ट्रीयता जैसी भिन्नताएँ केवल बाहरी रूप हैं।
असली महत्व हमारी साझा मानव प्रकृति का है, जो हमें जोड़ती है और मूल रूप से समान बनाती है।
Anti-War and Pro-Peace Message (युद्ध-विरोधी और शांति-समर्थक संदेश)
कवि यह स्पष्ट करते हैं कि घृणा, पूर्वाग्रह और युद्ध निरर्थक हैं।
हमारी साझा मानवता को पहचानना देशों की सीमाओं के पार शांति, सहानुभूति और समझ को बढ़ावा देता है।
Line 4 : Remember, no men are foreign, and no countries strange
याद रखो, कोई भी मनुष्य अजनबी नहीं और कोई भी देश पराया नहीं है।
2. Figurative / Deeper Meaning
Universal Brotherhood and Equality (सार्वभौमिक भाईचारा और समानता)
यह पंक्ति इस बात पर जोर देती है कि सभी मनुष्य समान हैं और एक ही मानव परिवार का हिस्सा हैं।
रूपकात्मक रूप में यह उन नैतिक और भावनात्मक बंधनों को दर्शाता है जो देशों के बीच लोगों को जोड़ते हैं।
Superficial Differences vs. Shared Humanity (बाहरी भिन्नताएँ बनाम साझा मानवता)
संस्कृति, भाषा, धर्म या राष्ट्रीयता जैसी भिन्नताएँ केवल बाहरी रूप हैं।
असली महत्व हमारी साझा मानव प्रकृति का है, जो हमें जोड़ती है और मूल रूप से समान बनाती है।
Anti-War and Pro-Peace Message (युद्ध-विरोधी और शांति-समर्थक संदेश)
कवि यह स्पष्ट करते हैं कि घृणा, पूर्वाग्रह और युद्ध निरर्थक हैं।
हमारी साझा मानवता को पहचानना देशों की सीमाओं के पार शांति, सहानुभूति और समझ को बढ़ावा देता है।
Stanza 5
Line 4 : Remember, no men are foreign, and no countries strange
याद रखो, कोई भी मनुष्य अजनबी नहीं और कोई भी देश पराया नहीं है।
3. Moral / Message
The poet emphasizes that all humans are essentially equal, no matter their nationality, race, or background.
War, hatred, and discrimination go against our natural humanity and lead to destruction.
The message is to practice empathy, uphold peace, and recognize our shared humanity, treating everyone with
respect and compassion.
कवि बताता है कि सभी मनुष्य मूलतः समान हैं, चाहे उनकी राष्ट्रीयता या जाति कुछ भी हो। युद्ध, घृणा और भेदभाव मानवता के
खिलाफ हैं और विनाश लाते हैं। इसलिए हमें करुणा, शांति और साझा मानवता को अपनाना चाहिए।
Line 4 : Remember, no men are foreign, and no countries strange
याद रखो, कोई भी मनुष्य अजनबी नहीं और कोई भी देश पराया नहीं है।
3. Moral / Message
The poet emphasizes that all humans are essentially equal, no matter their nationality, race, or background.
War, hatred, and discrimination go against our natural humanity and lead to destruction.
The message is to practice empathy, uphold peace, and recognize our shared humanity, treating everyone with
respect and compassion.
कवि बताता है कि सभी मनुष्य मूलतः समान हैं, चाहे उनकी राष्ट्रीयता या जाति कुछ भी हो। युद्ध, घृणा और भेदभाव मानवता के
खिलाफ हैं और विनाश लाते हैं। इसलिए हमें करुणा, शांति और साझा मानवता को अपनाना चाहिए।
Long-Answer Questions with Answers
Q1. Explain the central theme of the poem No Men Are Foreign.
A1. The central theme of the poem is the unity of humanity. Kirkup emphasizes that all
humans are fundamentally alike, sharing the same emotions, needs, and experiences.
Nationality, race, religion, or culture are superficial differences, and recognizing our
shared humanity promotes empathy, peace, and brotherhood.
Q2. How does James Kirkup emphasize that all humans share the same basic needs and
experiences?
A2. Kirkup shows that humans everywhere rely on the same natural resources, like sun,
air, and water (“They, too, aware of sun and air and water”). People experience hunger,
thirst, joy, sorrow, work, and love alike. This universality of human experiences
encourages empathy and understanding.
Q1. Explain the central theme of the poem No Men Are Foreign.
A1. The central theme of the poem is the unity of humanity. Kirkup emphasizes that all
humans are fundamentally alike, sharing the same emotions, needs, and experiences.
Nationality, race, religion, or culture are superficial differences, and recognizing our
shared humanity promotes empathy, peace, and brotherhood.
Q2. How does James Kirkup emphasize that all humans share the same basic needs and
experiences?
A2. Kirkup shows that humans everywhere rely on the same natural resources, like sun,
air, and water (“They, too, aware of sun and air and water”). People experience hunger,
thirst, joy, sorrow, work, and love alike. This universality of human experiences
encourages empathy and understanding.
Long-Answer Questions with Answers
Q3. Discuss how Stanza 2 highlights the effect of war on humanity.
A3. Stanza 2 states that people are “fed by peaceful harvests, by war’s long winter
starved.” This shows that war brings universal suffering, affecting all humans, not just
one side. It highlights the destructive nature of conflict and the importance of peace.
Q4. How does the poet show that labour and effort are universal human experiences?
A4. The poet writes, “Their hands are ours, and in their lines we read a labour not
different from our own.” Hands symbolize toil, and this line shows that people
everywhere work hard and face similar struggles, reinforcing equality and shared
human experience.
Q3. Discuss how Stanza 2 highlights the effect of war on humanity.
A3. Stanza 2 states that people are “fed by peaceful harvests, by war’s long winter
starved.” This shows that war brings universal suffering, affecting all humans, not just
one side. It highlights the destructive nature of conflict and the importance of peace.
Q4. How does the poet show that labour and effort are universal human experiences?
A4. The poet writes, “Their hands are ours, and in their lines we read a labour not
different from our own.” Hands symbolize toil, and this line shows that people
everywhere work hard and face similar struggles, reinforcing equality and shared
human experience.
Long-Answer Questions with Answers
Q5. Explain the significance of the line: “Their hands are ours, and in their lines we
read a labour not different from our own.”
A5. This line highlights common humanity through work. Despite differences in
nationality or culture, all humans perform similar labour, face challenges, and strive to
survive. It emphasizes empathy and unity.
Q6. How does Stanza 3 emphasize empathy and compassion?
A6. Stanza 3 reminds us that people everywhere experience life like us: sleeping,
waking, loving. By recognizing these common experiences (“Remember they have eyes
like ours that wake or sleep”), we develop empathy and compassion, fostering
understanding across borders.
Q5. Explain the significance of the line: “Their hands are ours, and in their lines we
read a labour not different from our own.”
A5. This line highlights common humanity through work. Despite differences in
nationality or culture, all humans perform similar labour, face challenges, and strive to
survive. It emphasizes empathy and unity.
Q6. How does Stanza 3 emphasize empathy and compassion?
A6. Stanza 3 reminds us that people everywhere experience life like us: sleeping,
waking, loving. By recognizing these common experiences (“Remember they have eyes
like ours that wake or sleep”), we develop empathy and compassion, fostering
understanding across borders.
Long-Answer Questions with Answers
Q7. What does Kirkup mean by “strength that can be won by love”? How is this relevant
today?
A7. Kirkup suggests that true strength comes from love, kindness, and compassion, not
violence. In today’s world, where conflicts and divisions persist, this teaches that
empathy and understanding are more powerful and constructive than hatred or
aggression.
Q8. Explain the meaning of “In every land is common life that all can recognize and
understand.”
A8. This means human experiences—birth, growth, work, joy, sorrow, and death—are
universal. Everyone can relate to these experiences, which shows that humans are
connected beyond superficial differences.
Q7. What does Kirkup mean by “strength that can be won by love”? How is this relevant
today?
A7. Kirkup suggests that true strength comes from love, kindness, and compassion, not
violence. In today’s world, where conflicts and divisions persist, this teaches that
empathy and understanding are more powerful and constructive than hatred or
aggression.
Q8. Explain the meaning of “In every land is common life that all can recognize and
understand.”
A8. This means human experiences—birth, growth, work, joy, sorrow, and death—are
universal. Everyone can relate to these experiences, which shows that humans are
connected beyond superficial differences.
Long-Answer Questions with Answers
Q9. How does the poem promote peace and brotherhood?
A9. The poem promotes peace by highlighting shared human experiences and the
harmful effects of hatred and war. Recognizing that everyone is alike encourages
empathy, respect, and harmonious relationships, which are the foundations of
brotherhood.
Q10. How does Kirkup connect the ideas of hatred and self-destruction in the closing
lines?
A10. Kirkup writes, “it is ourselves that we shall dispossess, betray, condemn” to show
that hatred harms the hater as much as the hated. Hatred and violence destroy our
moral values, peace of mind, and humanity, making enmity self-defeating.
Q9. How does the poem promote peace and brotherhood?
A9. The poem promotes peace by highlighting shared human experiences and the
harmful effects of hatred and war. Recognizing that everyone is alike encourages
empathy, respect, and harmonious relationships, which are the foundations of
brotherhood.
Q10. How does Kirkup connect the ideas of hatred and self-destruction in the closing
lines?
A10. Kirkup writes, “it is ourselves that we shall dispossess, betray, condemn” to show
that hatred harms the hater as much as the hated. Hatred and violence destroy our
moral values, peace of mind, and humanity, making enmity self-defeating.
Long-Answer Questions with Answers
Q11. Explain the meaning of the lines: “it is ourselves that we shall dispossess, betray,
condemn.”
A11. These lines mean that when we hate or harm others, we lose our own humanity and
moral integrity. Hatred and aggression harm our conscience and ethical values,
showing that harming others ultimately harms ourselves.
Q12. How do these lines reflect the poet’s warning against prejudice and enmity?
A12. The lines warn that prejudice, discrimination, and hatred are destructive. By
encouraging us to remember shared humanity, the poet shows that enmity is irrational
and self-destructive. Recognizing equality prevents moral and emotional harm.
Q11. Explain the meaning of the lines: “it is ourselves that we shall dispossess, betray,
condemn.”
A11. These lines mean that when we hate or harm others, we lose our own humanity and
moral integrity. Hatred and aggression harm our conscience and ethical values,
showing that harming others ultimately harms ourselves.
Q12. How do these lines reflect the poet’s warning against prejudice and enmity?
A12. The lines warn that prejudice, discrimination, and hatred are destructive. By
encouraging us to remember shared humanity, the poet shows that enmity is irrational
and self-destructive. Recognizing equality prevents moral and emotional harm.
Long-Answer Questions with Answers
Q13. Discuss the universal relevance of the poem in today’s world of conflict and
division.
A13. The poem remains relevant today because wars, racial discrimination, and social
divisions continue globally. It reminds people that all humans are alike and that
empathy, love, and understanding are essential for resolving conflicts and building
global peace.
Q14. How does the poet show that differences of nationality, race, or religion are
superficial?
A14. Kirkup emphasizes that all humans share basic needs, labour, emotions, and life
experiences. Nationality, race, religion, or culture are surface-level differences,
whereas the essence of human life is the same everywhere.
Q13. Discuss the universal relevance of the poem in today’s world of conflict and
division.
A13. The poem remains relevant today because wars, racial discrimination, and social
divisions continue globally. It reminds people that all humans are alike and that
empathy, love, and understanding are essential for resolving conflicts and building
global peace.
Q14. How does the poet show that differences of nationality, race, or religion are
superficial?
A14. Kirkup emphasizes that all humans share basic needs, labour, emotions, and life
experiences. Nationality, race, religion, or culture are surface-level differences,
whereas the essence of human life is the same everywhere.
Long-Answer Questions with Answers
Q15. How does Kirkup use imagery and metaphors to convey human unity?
A15.
Imagery: Sun, air, water, harvests, hands symbolize shared needs and experiences.
Metaphor: Hands represent labour and struggle; “strength won by love” symbolizes
moral and emotional power.
Contrast: Peaceful harvests vs. war’s winter shows the effects of harmony versus
conflict.
Q16. What moral lesson do the closing lines teach about human relationships and
conflict?
A16. The closing lines teach that hatred and violence are self-destructive. By
recognizing our shared humanity, we avoid enmity, foster empathy, and maintain moral
integrity, building peaceful relationships.
Q15. How does Kirkup use imagery and metaphors to convey human unity?
A15.
Imagery: Sun, air, water, harvests, hands symbolize shared needs and experiences.
Metaphor: Hands represent labour and struggle; “strength won by love” symbolizes
moral and emotional power.
Contrast: Peaceful harvests vs. war’s winter shows the effects of harmony versus
conflict.
Q16. What moral lesson do the closing lines teach about human relationships and
conflict?
A16. The closing lines teach that hatred and violence are self-destructive. By
recognizing our shared humanity, we avoid enmity, foster empathy, and maintain moral
integrity, building peaceful relationships.
Long-Answer Questions with Answers
Q17. How can recognizing shared human experiences prevent wars and promote global
harmony?
A17. Understanding that all humans experience the same joys, sorrows, and struggles
creates empathy. This prevents dehumanization, reduces conflict, and encourages
peaceful coexistence, promoting harmony worldwide.
Q18. Explain how the poem inspires individuals to resist messages of hatred and
violence.
A18. The poem repeatedly urges readers to “remember” that others are like us. By
emphasizing equality and shared experiences, Kirkup encourages individuals to reject
hatred, propaganda, and division, and instead embrace love, compassion, and
understanding.
Q17. How can recognizing shared human experiences prevent wars and promote global
harmony?
A17. Understanding that all humans experience the same joys, sorrows, and struggles
creates empathy. This prevents dehumanization, reduces conflict, and encourages
peaceful coexistence, promoting harmony worldwide.
Q18. Explain how the poem inspires individuals to resist messages of hatred and
violence.
A18. The poem repeatedly urges readers to “remember” that others are like us. By
emphasizing equality and shared experiences, Kirkup encourages individuals to reject
hatred, propaganda, and division, and instead embrace love, compassion, and
understanding.
Long-Answer Questions with Answers
Q19. How do Stanzas 2 and 3 together reinforce the central message of shared humanity?
A19. Stanza 2 highlights shared labour, survival, and the effects of war, while Stanza 3
emphasizes shared emotions, strength through love, and common life experiences. Together,
they show that humans are fundamentally alike, reinforcing the message of unity and empathy.
Q20. Summarize the poem in your own words, highlighting the importance of empathy, love,
and universal brotherhood.
A20. The poem emphasizes that all humans are part of one global family. Despite differences
in nationality, culture, or religion, everyone shares the same needs, struggles, and emotions.
Hatred and war harm both sides, while empathy, love, and understanding unite humanity.
Recognizing shared experiences fosters peace, equality, and universal brotherhood.
Q19. How do Stanzas 2 and 3 together reinforce the central message of shared humanity?
A19. Stanza 2 highlights shared labour, survival, and the effects of war, while Stanza 3
emphasizes shared emotions, strength through love, and common life experiences. Together,
they show that humans are fundamentally alike, reinforcing the message of unity and empathy.
Q20. Summarize the poem in your own words, highlighting the importance of empathy, love,
and universal brotherhood.
A20. The poem emphasizes that all humans are part of one global family. Despite differences
in nationality, culture, or religion, everyone shares the same needs, struggles, and emotions.
Hatred and war harm both sides, while empathy, love, and understanding unite humanity.
Recognizing shared experiences fosters peace, equality, and universal brotherhood.
Long-Answer Questions with Answers
Q21. How does the poet suggest that hatred and violence are self-defeating?
A21. Hatred and violence harm the hater as much as the hated. By taking arms or being
prejudiced, humans betray their own moral values, compassion, and shared humanity,
making such acts self-defeating.
Q22. Discuss the significance of the repeated use of the word “remember” in the poem.
A22. “Remember” serves as a moral reminder, urging readers to consciously recognize
the shared humanity of all people. It emphasizes reflection, empathy, and the
importance of resisting hatred, prejudice, and conflict.
Q21. How does the poet suggest that hatred and violence are self-defeating?
A21. Hatred and violence harm the hater as much as the hated. By taking arms or being
prejudiced, humans betray their own moral values, compassion, and shared humanity,
making such acts self-defeating.
Q22. Discuss the significance of the repeated use of the word “remember” in the poem.
A22. “Remember” serves as a moral reminder, urging readers to consciously recognize
the shared humanity of all people. It emphasizes reflection, empathy, and the
importance of resisting hatred, prejudice, and conflict.
Long-Answer Questions with Answers
Q23. Explain how the poem conveys that all humans are connected through common
experiences, despite cultural or national differences.
A23. The poet shows that people everywhere experience similar needs, labour, joys,
sorrows, and emotions. These universal experiences connect humanity, showing that
superficial differences like nationality, race, or culture should not divide us.
Q24. How does Kirkup appeal to the reader’s sense of morality and conscience?
A24. Kirkup appeals to morality by showing that hatred and conflict harm both others
and ourselves. By emphasizing shared humanity and the destructiveness of prejudice, he
encourages readers to act ethically, with empathy and compassion.
Q23. Explain how the poem conveys that all humans are connected through common
experiences, despite cultural or national differences.
A23. The poet shows that people everywhere experience similar needs, labour, joys,
sorrows, and emotions. These universal experiences connect humanity, showing that
superficial differences like nationality, race, or culture should not divide us.
Q24. How does Kirkup appeal to the reader’s sense of morality and conscience?
A24. Kirkup appeals to morality by showing that hatred and conflict harm both others
and ourselves. By emphasizing shared humanity and the destructiveness of prejudice, he
encourages readers to act ethically, with empathy and compassion.
Long-Answer Questions with Answers
Q25. What lessons about peace, equality, and empathy can students learn from this
poem for everyday life?
A25. Students learn that:
All humans are fundamentally alike.
Differences of nationality, race, or religion are superficial.
Hatred and violence harm everyone, including ourselves.
Empathy, compassion, and love are sources of true strength.
Recognizing shared humanity helps build peace, equality, and brotherhood in daily
life.
Q25. What lessons about peace, equality, and empathy can students learn from this
poem for everyday life?
A25. Students learn that:
All humans are fundamentally alike.
Differences of nationality, race, or religion are superficial.
Hatred and violence harm everyone, including ourselves.
Empathy, compassion, and love are sources of true strength.
Recognizing shared humanity helps build peace, equality, and brotherhood in daily
life.
Long-Answer Questions with Answers
Q9. How does the poem convey that differences of nationality or race are superficial?
A9. Kirkup repeatedly emphasizes shared human experiences: all humans require the
same resources, work, feel emotions, and face similar struggles. Superficial
differences like nationality, race, or religion do not change this fundamental
similarity, making divisions based on them meaningless.
Q10. Discuss the moral lesson of the poem.
A10. The moral lesson is that hatred, discrimination, and violence are harmful to
everyone, including ourselves. Recognizing our shared humanity fosters empathy,
peace, and brotherhood. Love, compassion, and understanding are stronger and more
constructive than hatred, making them essential for a harmonious world.
Q9. How does the poem convey that differences of nationality or race are superficial?
A9. Kirkup repeatedly emphasizes shared human experiences: all humans require the
same resources, work, feel emotions, and face similar struggles. Superficial
differences like nationality, race, or religion do not change this fundamental
similarity, making divisions based on them meaningless.
Q10. Discuss the moral lesson of the poem.
A10. The moral lesson is that hatred, discrimination, and violence are harmful to
everyone, including ourselves. Recognizing our shared humanity fosters empathy,
peace, and brotherhood. Love, compassion, and understanding are stronger and more
constructive than hatred, making them essential for a harmonious world.
Long-Answer Questions with Answers
Q11. How does the poem promote global harmony and brotherhood?
A11. By emphasizing shared human needs, emotions, and labour, the poem shows that
all people are connected. This encourages readers to respect, empathize with, and help
one another, promoting global harmony and universal brotherhood. Hatred, prejudice,
and war are unnecessary and self-defeating.
Q12. How does Kirkup use imagery and metaphors in the poem?
A12.
Imagery: Sun, air, water, and harvests highlight common human needs.
Metaphor: Hands symbolize work and human effort; “strength won by love”
represents moral power.
Contrast: Peaceful harvests vs. war’s winter shows the effects of harmony versus
conflict.
These devices make the message of unity and empathy vivid and relatable.
Q11. How does the poem promote global harmony and brotherhood?
A11. By emphasizing shared human needs, emotions, and labour, the poem shows that
all people are connected. This encourages readers to respect, empathize with, and help
one another, promoting global harmony and universal brotherhood. Hatred, prejudice,
and war are unnecessary and self-defeating.
Q12. How does Kirkup use imagery and metaphors in the poem?
A12.
Imagery: Sun, air, water, and harvests highlight common human needs.
Metaphor: Hands symbolize work and human effort; “strength won by love”
represents moral power.
Contrast: Peaceful harvests vs. war’s winter shows the effects of harmony versus
conflict.
These devices make the message of unity and empathy vivid and relatable.
Long-Answer Questions with Answers
Q13. How can the poem inspire students to live peacefully in a multicultural world?
A13. The poem encourages students to see beyond nationality, race, and religion. By
recognizing that all humans share similar experiences and emotions, students learn
empathy, respect, and tolerance. This promotes peaceful coexistence in multicultural
societies.
Q14. Explain the significance of the word “remember” in the poem.
A14. “Remember” is a moral reminder. It urges readers to reflect on shared humanity
and resist hatred or prejudice. By repeating this word, Kirkup emphasizes the
importance of conscious awareness in promoting empathy, peace, and ethical behavior.
Q13. How can the poem inspire students to live peacefully in a multicultural world?
A13. The poem encourages students to see beyond nationality, race, and religion. By
recognizing that all humans share similar experiences and emotions, students learn
empathy, respect, and tolerance. This promotes peaceful coexistence in multicultural
societies.
Q14. Explain the significance of the word “remember” in the poem.
A14. “Remember” is a moral reminder. It urges readers to reflect on shared humanity
and resist hatred or prejudice. By repeating this word, Kirkup emphasizes the
importance of conscious awareness in promoting empathy, peace, and ethical behavior.
Long-Answer Questions with Answers
Q15. How does the poem show that hatred and war are self-destructive?
A15. Kirkup states that by hating others or taking arms against them, we harm ourselves
(“it is ourselves that we shall dispossess, betray, condemn”). Hatred destroys moral
values, compassion, and peace of mind, making conflict harmful to both sides.
Q16. How do Stanzas 2 and 3 together reinforce the poem’s theme of shared humanity?
A16. Stanza 2 focuses on shared labour, survival, and the effects of war, while Stanza 3
emphasizes shared emotions and strength through love. Together, they show that
humans everywhere face similar experiences, promoting empathy, equality, and peace.
Q15. How does the poem show that hatred and war are self-destructive?
A15. Kirkup states that by hating others or taking arms against them, we harm ourselves
(“it is ourselves that we shall dispossess, betray, condemn”). Hatred destroys moral
values, compassion, and peace of mind, making conflict harmful to both sides.
Q16. How do Stanzas 2 and 3 together reinforce the poem’s theme of shared humanity?
A16. Stanza 2 focuses on shared labour, survival, and the effects of war, while Stanza 3
emphasizes shared emotions and strength through love. Together, they show that
humans everywhere face similar experiences, promoting empathy, equality, and peace.
Long-Answer Questions with Answers
Q17. How is the poem relevant in today’s world?
A17. The poem remains relevant due to ongoing conflicts, racism, and social divisions
worldwide. Its message—recognizing shared humanity, rejecting hatred, and embracing
empathy—applies to fostering tolerance, peace, and cooperation in modern
multicultural societies.
Q18. Explain the role of love and empathy in preventing conflict according to the
poem.
A18. Love and empathy allow people to understand and respect one another. The poem
shows that moral strength comes from these qualities, which reduce hostility and
prevent wars. By fostering compassion, humans can maintain peaceful relationships.
Q17. How is the poem relevant in today’s world?
A17. The poem remains relevant due to ongoing conflicts, racism, and social divisions
worldwide. Its message—recognizing shared humanity, rejecting hatred, and embracing
empathy—applies to fostering tolerance, peace, and cooperation in modern
multicultural societies.
Q18. Explain the role of love and empathy in preventing conflict according to the
poem.
A18. Love and empathy allow people to understand and respect one another. The poem
shows that moral strength comes from these qualities, which reduce hostility and
prevent wars. By fostering compassion, humans can maintain peaceful relationships.
Long-Answer Questions with Answers
Q19. How does the poem teach that all humans are fundamentally equal?
A19. Through examples of shared needs, labour, emotions, and experiences, Kirkup
shows that all humans are alike at the core. Superficial differences like nationality,
religion, or race do not alter this equality. Recognizing this prevents prejudice and
promotes brotherhood.
Q20. Summarize the poem in your own words.
A20. No Men Are Foreign teaches that all humans are part of one family. Superficial
differences like nationality or race do not divide us. Shared experiences—work,
emotions, and life itself—connect us. Hatred and war are self-destructive, while
empathy, love, and understanding unite humanity, fostering peace, equality, and
universal brotherhood.
Q19. How does the poem teach that all humans are fundamentally equal?
A19. Through examples of shared needs, labour, emotions, and experiences, Kirkup
shows that all humans are alike at the core. Superficial differences like nationality,
religion, or race do not alter this equality. Recognizing this prevents prejudice and
promotes brotherhood.
Q20. Summarize the poem in your own words.
A20. No Men Are Foreign teaches that all humans are part of one family. Superficial
differences like nationality or race do not divide us. Shared experiences—work,
emotions, and life itself—connect us. Hatred and war are self-destructive, while
empathy, love, and understanding unite humanity, fostering peace, equality, and
universal brotherhood.
Long-Answer Questions with Answers
Q21. How does James Kirkup connect nature with shared humanity in the poem?
A21. Kirkup uses natural elements like the sun, air, and water to emphasize that all
humans depend on the same life-sustaining forces. By showing that nature does not
discriminate, he reminds us that human divisions are artificial. This connection to
nature reinforces the message of equality and unity.
Q22. Why does the poet say that hating others is like betraying ourselves?
A22. The poet believes that all humans are connected through shared experiences and
humanity. When we hate others, we essentially hate part of ourselves. Hatred
diminishes our values, peace of mind, and compassion. Thus, enmity harms both sides
equally, making it an act of self-betrayal.
Q21. How does James Kirkup connect nature with shared humanity in the poem?
A21. Kirkup uses natural elements like the sun, air, and water to emphasize that all
humans depend on the same life-sustaining forces. By showing that nature does not
discriminate, he reminds us that human divisions are artificial. This connection to
nature reinforces the message of equality and unity.
Q22. Why does the poet say that hating others is like betraying ourselves?
A22. The poet believes that all humans are connected through shared experiences and
humanity. When we hate others, we essentially hate part of ourselves. Hatred
diminishes our values, peace of mind, and compassion. Thus, enmity harms both sides
equally, making it an act of self-betrayal.
Long-Answer Questions with Answers
Q23. What role does war play in dividing humanity, according to the poem?
A23. War deepens artificial divisions by turning humans against one another. Stanza 2
says that while peaceful harvests nourish us, “war’s long winter starves.” This metaphor
shows how conflict brings suffering, destruction, and loss of life. War is portrayed as
unnatural and harmful to the whole of humanity.
Q24. How does the poet use the idea of “brothers” in the poem?
A24. By calling others our “brothers,” Kirkup emphasizes the family-like bond that
connects all humans. The word “brothers” eliminates barriers of nationality, religion,
or race. It encourages readers to treat others with the same respect and empathy they
would show family members, reinforcing the idea of global brotherhood.
Q23. What role does war play in dividing humanity, according to the poem?
A23. War deepens artificial divisions by turning humans against one another. Stanza 2
says that while peaceful harvests nourish us, “war’s long winter starves.” This metaphor
shows how conflict brings suffering, destruction, and loss of life. War is portrayed as
unnatural and harmful to the whole of humanity.
Q24. How does the poet use the idea of “brothers” in the poem?
A24. By calling others our “brothers,” Kirkup emphasizes the family-like bond that
connects all humans. The word “brothers” eliminates barriers of nationality, religion,
or race. It encourages readers to treat others with the same respect and empathy they
would show family members, reinforcing the idea of global brotherhood.
Long-Answer Questions with Answers
Q25. How can the poem be seen as an anti-war message?
A25. The poem condemns war, hatred, and violence by showing their destructive
consequences. Kirkup insists that when we fight others, we lose our humanity too. By
stressing common needs, labour, and emotions, he argues that war is pointless and
harmful, making the poem a strong anti-war statement.
Q26. How does repetition strengthen the poem’s message?
A26. The poet repeatedly uses the word “remember” to remind readers of shared
humanity. This repetition acts as a moral warning, forcing us to reflect on our thoughts
and actions. It reinforces the idea that we must not forget our similarities, especially
when tempted by hatred or propaganda.
Q25. How can the poem be seen as an anti-war message?
A25. The poem condemns war, hatred, and violence by showing their destructive
consequences. Kirkup insists that when we fight others, we lose our humanity too. By
stressing common needs, labour, and emotions, he argues that war is pointless and
harmful, making the poem a strong anti-war statement.
Q26. How does repetition strengthen the poem’s message?
A26. The poet repeatedly uses the word “remember” to remind readers of shared
humanity. This repetition acts as a moral warning, forcing us to reflect on our thoughts
and actions. It reinforces the idea that we must not forget our similarities, especially
when tempted by hatred or propaganda.
Long-Answer Questions with Answers
Q27. What is the significance of the phrase “war’s long winter”?
A27. The phrase metaphorically describes the suffering, destruction, and famine
caused by war. Just as winter is harsh, lifeless, and barren, war destroys peace and
prosperity. This imagery contrasts with “peaceful harvests”, highlighting the
difference between harmony and conflict.
Q28. How does the poem highlight the futility of prejudice?
A28. Prejudice divides humans on the basis of superficial differences. Kirkup
demonstrates that despite these divisions, people everywhere share similar needs,
struggles, and emotions. Since we are alike at the core, discrimination and prejudice
are meaningless and harmful.
Q27. What is the significance of the phrase “war’s long winter”?
A27. The phrase metaphorically describes the suffering, destruction, and famine
caused by war. Just as winter is harsh, lifeless, and barren, war destroys peace and
prosperity. This imagery contrasts with “peaceful harvests”, highlighting the
difference between harmony and conflict.
Q28. How does the poem highlight the futility of prejudice?
A28. Prejudice divides humans on the basis of superficial differences. Kirkup
demonstrates that despite these divisions, people everywhere share similar needs,
struggles, and emotions. Since we are alike at the core, discrimination and prejudice
are meaningless and harmful.
Long-Answer Questions with Answers
Q29. Why does the poet emphasize the universality of labour?
A29. Labour is a common experience across cultures and nations. By showing that all
humans work and toil in similar ways, the poet creates a bond of equality and empathy.
The universality of labour reminds us that no one is fundamentally superior or inferior.
Q30. How is the poem a call for universal brotherhood?
A30. Kirkup directly appeals to readers to recognize their shared humanity and resist
hatred. By pointing out similarities in needs, work, emotions, and life, he encourages
unity and empathy. The poem ultimately calls for universal brotherhood, where peace
and love replace division and conflict.
Q29. Why does the poet emphasize the universality of labour?
A29. Labour is a common experience across cultures and nations. By showing that all
humans work and toil in similar ways, the poet creates a bond of equality and empathy.
The universality of labour reminds us that no one is fundamentally superior or inferior.
Q30. How is the poem a call for universal brotherhood?
A30. Kirkup directly appeals to readers to recognize their shared humanity and resist
hatred. By pointing out similarities in needs, work, emotions, and life, he encourages
unity and empathy. The poem ultimately calls for universal brotherhood, where peace
and love replace division and conflict.
Long-Answer Questions with Answers
Q31. How can the poem’s message be applied to modern society?
A31. In today’s world of racial discrimination, wars, and religious intolerance, the
poem’s message is highly relevant. By remembering our shared humanity, we can
overcome prejudice, resolve conflicts peacefully, and build more inclusive societies.
The poem inspires us to create global harmony.
Q32. What does the poet mean when he says “we who take arms against each other”?
A32. This refers to wars and conflicts where humans fight against their own kind.
Kirkup warns that such acts of violence are irrational because they involve turning
against people who are essentially like us. By fighting each other, humanity only
destroys itself.
Q31. How can the poem’s message be applied to modern society?
A31. In today’s world of racial discrimination, wars, and religious intolerance, the
poem’s message is highly relevant. By remembering our shared humanity, we can
overcome prejudice, resolve conflicts peacefully, and build more inclusive societies.
The poem inspires us to create global harmony.
Q32. What does the poet mean when he says “we who take arms against each other”?
A32. This refers to wars and conflicts where humans fight against their own kind.
Kirkup warns that such acts of violence are irrational because they involve turning
against people who are essentially like us. By fighting each other, humanity only
destroys itself.
Long-Answer Questions with Answers
Q33. How does the poet create a balance between peaceful and violent imagery?
A33. Kirkup contrasts peaceful images (sun, air, water, harvests, hands, love) with
violent ones (war’s long winter, hate, arms). This balance highlights the choices
humans face—peace or destruction. By showing the consequences of both, the poet
urges readers to choose peace.
Q34. In what ways does the poem appeal to the reader’s conscience?
A34. The poem appeals to conscience by reminding us that all humans are alike and by
warning us that hatred harms ourselves. It makes us reflect on the moral responsibility
to treat others with compassion and reject violence. This ethical appeal makes the
poem powerful and persuasive.
Q33. How does the poet create a balance between peaceful and violent imagery?
A33. Kirkup contrasts peaceful images (sun, air, water, harvests, hands, love) with
violent ones (war’s long winter, hate, arms). This balance highlights the choices
humans face—peace or destruction. By showing the consequences of both, the poet
urges readers to choose peace.
Q34. In what ways does the poem appeal to the reader’s conscience?
A34. The poem appeals to conscience by reminding us that all humans are alike and by
warning us that hatred harms ourselves. It makes us reflect on the moral responsibility
to treat others with compassion and reject violence. This ethical appeal makes the
poem powerful and persuasive.
Long-Answer Questions with Answers
Q35. How does the poem combine simplicity with depth?
A35. The language of the poem is simple and direct, with everyday images like sun,
air, water, harvests, hands. Yet beneath this simplicity lies a deep philosophical truth
about human equality, peace, and brotherhood. The poem’s clarity ensures its universal
appeal while its depth provides lasting wisdom.
Q35. How does the poem combine simplicity with depth?
A35. The language of the poem is simple and direct, with everyday images like sun,
air, water, harvests, hands. Yet beneath this simplicity lies a deep philosophical truth
about human equality, peace, and brotherhood. The poem’s clarity ensures its universal
appeal while its depth provides lasting wisdom.
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