noise and industrial safety IE deparment

noise and industrila safty

1. Noise
&
Industrial Safety

2. What makes one sound louder than another? How
loud a sound seems to depend on who's listening.
Rock Music A young person = OK
Rock Music Older person = Noise
Loudness is subjective.
The amount of energy that the source of the sound is
pumping towards the listener in the form of pressure
variations in the air determines the loudness.
Sound level meters work by calculating the pressure of
the sound waves traveling through the air from a source
of sound.

3. They are also known as Sound Pressure Level (SPL)
meters.
The unit of sound intensity is decibels (dB), a scale first
devised by Alexander Graham Bell.

4. Level in
decibels
Typical everyday example
Times louder than
10dB
10dB Rustling or falling leaves. 1
20dB Watch ticking. 10s
30dB Birds flying by. 100
40dB Quiet conversation. 1,000
50dB Louder conversation. 10,000
60dB Quiet traffic noise. 100,000
70dB+ Louder traffic 1,000,000
80dB+ Loud highway noise at close range 10,000,000
85dB Hearing damage after approximately 8 hours.
100dB Jackhammer (pneumatic drill) at close range1,000,000,000
100dB Hearing damage after about 15 minutes.
110dB+ Jet engine at about 100m 10,000,000,000
120dB
Threshold of pain. Hearing damage after very
brief exposure.

8. Impact of noise on humans
1) It decreases the efficiency of human beings
2. Noise causes lack of concentration.
3. Noise causes fatigue.
4. Noise causes temporary or permanent deafness.
5. Noise pollution accelerates the already existing tensions
of modern living leading to diseases like blood pressure,
mental illness etc.
6. It creates waves which can cause shocks to structures
making them unsafe.

9. Control of Noise Pollution
The techniques employed for noise control can be broadly
classified as
(1) Control at source
(2) Control in the transmission path
(3) Using protective equipment.
(1) Control at source
•The vibrations of materials may be controlled using
proper foundations, rubber padding etc., to reduce the
noise levels caused by vibrations.
•Optimum selection of machinery tools or equipment
reduces excess noise levels.
•Proper lubrication and maintenance of machines,
vehicles etc., will reduce noise levels.

10. 2. Control in the transmission path
The change in the transmission path will increase the
length of travel for the wave and get absorbed/
refracted/ radiated in the surrounding environment.
The available techniques are:
(a) Installation of barriers
(b) Installation of panels or enclosures
(c) Green belt development

11. 3. Using protection equipment
•Protective equipment usage is the ultimate step in noise control
technology, i.e. after noise reduction at source and/or after the diversion or
engineered control of transmission path of noise.
•The usage of protective equipment and the worker’s exposure to the high
noise levels can be minimized by following.
(a) Job rotation.
(b) Exposure
(c) Hearing protection using earmuffs and ear plugs.
Attenuation provided by ear-muffs vary widely in respect to their size, shape,
seal material etc.

12. Can you move three x' s to make the triangle flip upside down?
X
X X
X X X
X X X X

13. First, move the last two X's in the bottom row to the second row:
X
X X X X
X X X
X X X X
Then, move the top X to a new row on the bottom:
X X X X
X X X
X X
X

14. Measures or techniques implemented to reduce the risk of
injury, loss & danger to persons, property or the environment in
any facility or place involving the manufacturing, producing and
processing of goods or merchandise.
The issue of industrial safety evolved concurrently with
industrial development in the US. There was a shift from
compensation to prevention, as well as toward an increasing
emphasis on addressing the long-term effects of occupational
hazards.
Today, industrial safety is widely regarded as one of the most
important factors that any business, large or small, must
consider in its operations.
Employers are required to compensate employees for work-
related injuries or sickness by paying medical expenses,
disability benefits, and compensation for lost work time.
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15. In general, workplace hazards can be categorized into
three groups:
1. Chemical hazards- in which the body absorbs toxins.
2. Ergonomic hazards- in which the body is strained or
injured, often over an extended period, because of the
nature (design) of the task, its frequency, or intensity.
3. Physical hazards- in which the worker is exposed to
harmful elements or physical dangers, such as heat,
gases or moving parts.
In the modern context, corporate management
increasingly has viewed industrial safety measures as an
investment—one that may save money in the long run
by way of reducing disability pay, improving productivity,
and avoiding lawsuits.
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16. Rather than viewing an injury as a fluke or a random
mistake, management today is more likely to look for
systemic problems, such as:
The way equipment is designed or used
The way workflow is configured
How workers are trained
Whether there is a gap between official policies and
employee practices.
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17. A visual alerting device in the form of a sign,
label, decal, placard or other marking which
advises the observer of the nature and
degree of the potential hazard(s) which can
cause an accident.
It may also provide other directions to
eliminate or reduce the hazard and advise of
the probable consequences of no avoiding
the hazard.
17http://embaitm.blogspot.com

18. •Environmental safety sign
Sign or placard in a work or public area
that provides safety information about the immediate
environment.
•Product safety sign
Sign, label, or decal affixed to a product
that provides hazard and safety information about that
product.
18http://embaitm.blogspot.com

19. •CAUTION: Potentially hazardous situation which, if not avoided, may result
in minor or moderate injury.
•DANGER: Imminently hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result
in death or serious injury.
•
•NOTICE: Signs used to indicate a statement of company policy or
information indirectly related to the safety of personnel or protection of
property.
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20. Thermal Safety
◦This symbol appears as
a reminder to use
caution when handling
hot objects.
Eye Safety
◦This symbol appears when a
danger to the eyes exists.
Safety goggles should be
worn when this symbol
appears.
Fire Safety
◦This symbol appears when
care should be taken around
open flames.
20http://embaitm.blogspot.com

21. •Although safety equipment is useful and can save a trip to the hospital, it is
the responsibility of every employee to pitch in to help with safety issues.
•Safety issues can occur in any situation including:
Sabotage
Trespassers committing vandalism or setting
fire for fun
Workplace violenceProtesters intruding into the plant
Theft (different
motivations) Bomb threats
Fraud Workplace drug crime
Product contaminationTheft of confidential information
Infiltration by
adversaries computer hacking
21http://embaitm.blogspot.com

22. Management issues and responsibility includes
– security policy
–internal and external collaboration,
–incident reporting and analysis,
– employee and contractor training and security awareness,
–investigations of suspicious incidents and security
breaches,
–Emergency response and crisis management
–Periodic reassessment

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23. Physical security includes
–Access control
–Perimeter protection („keeping intruders offsite“)
–Security officers
–Backup systems
–Other measures, such as entering post control etc
Information, Computer and network security:
oOperations security
oSpoken information security
oComputer and network security
oAudits and investigation
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24. 1. Risk Assessment:
Is a step in a risk management procedure.
Risk assessment is the determination of quantitative or
qualitative value of risk related to a concrete situation
and a recognized threat (also called hazard).
Quantitative risk assessment requires calculations of
two components of risk:
R, the magnitude of the potential loss L, and
P, the probability that the loss will occur.
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25. 2.Emergency Management / Disaster Management
It is the discipline of dealing with and avoiding risks.
It is a discipline that involves preparing for disaster before it occurs,
disaster response (e.g., emergency evacuation, quarantine, mass
decontamination, etc.), and supporting, and rebuilding society after natural
or human-made disasters have occurred.
In general, any Emergency management is the continuous process by
which all individuals, groups, and communities manage hazards in an effort
to avoid or ameliorate the impact of disasters resulting from the hazards.
Actions taken depend in part on perceptions of risk of those exposed.
effective emergency management relies on thorough integration of
emergency plans at all levels of government and non-government
involvement.
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26. 3. HAZOP study (hazard and operability study)
It is a structured and systematic examination of a planned or
existing process or operation in order to identify and evaluate
problems that may represent risks to personnel or equipment, or
prevent efficient operation.
The HAZOP technique was initially developed to analyze chemical
process systems, but has later been extended to other types of
systems and also to complex operations and to software systems.
A HAZOP is a qualitative technique based on guide-words and is
carried out by a multi-disciplinary team (HAZOP team) during a set
of meetings.
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27. 4. General Public Awareness
To maximize public awareness and support for your community
safety program, you may need to develop a campaign directed
both at the grassroots level and at the political decision-maker
level.
success will depend on how effective you are at bringing the
media into your campaign as allies.
Developing a public awareness and support campaign entails
these steps:
a. Establish a Safety Awareness Taskforce
b. Frame your issues
c. Develop a statement of need
d. Promote media coverage
e. Lobby local political leaders
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28. •Safety Practices – Return on Investment
Reduced
Insurance
Premium
Reduced
Worker
Compensation
Liability &
Litigation
Expense
Increased
Productivity
Worker Morale
Decrease in absenteeism
Equipment downtime
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29. Summary
1.The amount of energy that the source of the sound is pumping
towards the listener in the form of pressure variations in the air
determines the loudness. The unit of sound intensity is decibels
(dB). Standards are available for safe levels of noise in the
industry.
2.Impact of noise on humans include decreases in efficiency, loss
of concentration, causes fatigue, temporary or permanent
deafness and increases psychological tension.
3.Control of Noise Pollution can be done by Control at source,
Control in the transmission path and by using protective
equipment.
4.Industrial Safety are the Measures or techniques implemented to
reduce the risk of injury, loss & danger to persons, property or the
environment in any facility or place involving the manufacturing,
producing and processing of goods or merchandise.

30. 5.Workplace hazards can be categorized into Chemical
hazards, Ergonomic hazards and Physical hazards.
6.Elaborate safety management methodology is to be
followed by industrial units so that the worker and staff
are exposed to harmful elements or physical dangers,
such as heat or moving parts.
7.Tools for safety management include Audits and
investigation, Risk Assessment, Emergency
Management / Disaster Management, HAZOP study
(hazard and operability study) and by creating General
Public Awareness.

31. MIND MAP
Industrial Safety Types
Safety
Management
Physical
Chemical
Ergonomics
Impact on health
Symbols
Noise
Control methods
Risk Assessment
Disaster Mgmt.
Spread Awareness
HAZOP Study

32. Assessment
1. The unit of loudness is
a.Decibel
b.Watts
c.Amperes
d.Ohms
2. Which of the following is not a noise control method?
a.Control at source
b.Protective equipment
c.Usage of Loudness meter
d.Control in transmission path

33. 3. Which is the area where you are most likely to find a chemical
hazard ?
a.Spinning Department
b.Winding Department
c.Weaving Department
d.Processing Department
4. Which of the following cannot be considered as a Safety Tool?
a.Flame proofing
b.HAZOP study
c.Risk assessment study
d.Disaster management