Nomenclature of Carbon compounds

The following PPT is on Nomenclature of Carbon compounds. Starting from trivial names to different functional groups, it contains them all.

1. NOMENCLATURE OF CARBON COMPOUNDS BY : Rohan Karmakar

2. These names were given after the source from which the organic compounds were first isolated. Example: Acetic Acid got its name from Acetum present in vinegar. Wood Spirit ( Methyl Alcohol ) got its name because it was first obtained by destructive distillation of wood. Trivial or common names A BOTTLE OF ACETIC ACID A.K.A. VINEGAR

3. IUPAC Names IUPAC stands for International Union of Pure And Applied Chemistry . They have given certain rules to systematize the nomenclature of organic compounds. The names based upon these rules are called IUPAC names. The IUPAC name of any organic compound can be derived by using the rules as described in the following slides. IUPAC LOGO

4. IUPAC Names 1 . Identify the number of carbon atoms in compound A compound containing one carbon atom will be named as methane . Similarly Two carbon atom as Ethane Three carbon atom as Propane Four carbon atom as Butane Five carbon atom as Pentane and so on…

5. IUPAC Names 2 . The functional group present in the organic compound is indicated either by a prefix or suffix P refixes and suffixes of common functional groups are: S. No. Functional Group Prefix Suffix 1. Chlorine Chloro - 2. Bromine Bromo - 3. Alcohol - ol 4. Aldehyde - al 5. Ketone - one 6. Carboxylic Acid - oic acid 7. Double Bond (Alkenes) - ene 8. Triple Bond (Alkynes) - yne

6. IUPAC Names 3 . If a suffix is to be added, the final ‘e’ from the name of the carbon chain is deleted. 4 . If the carbon chain is unsaturated, the final ‘ane’ from the name of the carbon chain is replaced by either ‘ene’ if the carbon chain contains one double bond or by ‘ yne ’ if the carbon chain contains a triple bond.

7. 5. The position of the functional group on the carbon chain is given by the lowest possible numerical prefix, i.e., 1,2,3,4…, etc.

8. IUPAC Names

9. alkyl groups The removal of one hydrogen atom from the molecule of an alkane gives an alkyl group . Thus, alkyl group has the general formula .These are often represented by the letter R. Their names are derived by replacing the terminal ‘ ane ’ of the corresponding alkane by the suffix ‘ yl ’, i.e., Alkane – ane + yl = Alkyl. For example, - - - Methyl Ethyl n-Propyl  

10. NOMENCLATURE OF DIFFERENT CLASSES OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS The nomenclature of some important classes of organic compounds is discussed on the coming slides…….. ……So be prepared

11. ALKENES General formula : . Functional group : (double bond) Suffix : ene Names . Replace the terminal ‘ane’ from the name of the corresponding alkane by suffix ‘ene’.  

12. ALKynes General formula : . Functional group : (triple bond) Suffix : yne Names . Replace the terminal ‘ane’ from the name of the corresponding alkane by suffix ‘yne’.  

13. HALOALKANES General formula : (where X=F, Cl, Br or I) Functional group : F, Cl, Br, I Prefix : Fluoro , Chloro , Bromo , Iodo Names . Add the prefix halo, i.e., fluoro , chloro , bromo or iodo to the name of the corresponding alkane.  

14. ALkohols General formula : . Functional group : ( hydoxyl ) Suffix : ol Names . Replace the terminal ‘e’ from the name of the corresponding alkane by suffix ‘ ol ’.  

15. ALDEHYDES General formula : Functional group : (aldehyde) Suffix : al Names . Replace the terminal ‘e ’ from the name of the corresponding alkane by suffix ‘al’.  

16. KETONES General formula : Functional group : (ketone) Suffix : one Names . Replace the terminal ‘e ’ from the name of the corresponding alkane by suffix ‘one’.  

17. CARBOXYLIC ACIDS General formula : Functional group : (carboxyl) Suffix : oic acid Names . Replace the terminal ‘e ’ from the name of the corresponding alkane by suffix ‘ oic acid’.  

18. All GOOD THINGS Must come to an end ! thanks