NON STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS.pdf

NSAID'S ANTI PYRETICS, ANALGESICS, ANTI RHUMETICS. PHARMACOLOGY, D PH II

1. MISS.RUBI S. KHAN

2. INTRODUCTION( ANALGESICS)
ANALGESIA–Reversible Loss Of Pain Sensation Is Called Analgesia.
PAIN-Unpleasentsensation which informs structural and fucntionalchanges
in body and act as a warning signal disturbance in body.
TYPES OF PAIN
1.Somatic pain( acute pain)-peripheral pain(ex. Pain in legs, pain in
head)
1.Visceral pain(chronic pain)-deep and internal pain(ex-pain in heart,
kidney, lungs)
1.Psychogenic pain-psychological factors are involved like brain.

3. What are analgesics?
Analgesics are the drugs which relives or suppress the sensation of pain
without causing loss of consciousness.
Types of analgesics
Narcotic analgesic( opioidanalgesics)
These are the agent depress the CNS slightly and relive the pain sensation
Also called as morphine like analgesics.
Ex-morphine, pethidine
Non Narcotic Analgesics
These are also called as non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ad aspirin
like analgesics.
Ex-aspirin, paracetamol

4. INTRODUCTION
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are medicines that are
widely used to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and bring down a high
temperature.
Not show physical dependence, and work on peripheral nervous system
They are also act as Anti Pyretics( Reduce Elevated Body Temperature)
And Anti-inflammatory( Produce Relief From Pain, Blood Clot,
Decrease Fever)

5. CLASSIFICATION
A.NonSelective COX Inhibitors
1.Salicylates
EX-Aspirin, Sodium Salicylate.
2. ParaaminoPhenol( Aniline) Derivatives
Ex-Paracetamol, Phenacetin.
3. PyrazolonDerivatives
Ex-Phenyl Butazone,oxybutazone, Analgin
4.Indol Acetic Acid Derivatives
Ex-Indomethacin
5. AnthranilicAcid Derivatives
Ex-MefenamicAcid

6. 6. PropionicAcid Derivtives
Ex-Ibuprofen, Naproxen
7. OxicamDrivatives
Ex-Piroxicam
8.Miscellaneous Agents
Ex-Diclofenac
B.Selective COX Inhibitors
Ex-Etoricoxib,celocoxib
C.PreferentialCOX Inhibitors
Ex-nimisulide, meloxicam, neumeton

7. SALICYLATES ( ASPRIN)
This are the salts and esters of the salicylic acid. Acetyl salicylic acid
(aspirin) is most widely used amongst the salicylates.
Salicylatesare well absorbesfronthe stomach and samllintestine.
It is metabolisedby the liver.
Excreted by urine.
Pharmacological action
Analgeisc, Anti Inflammatory, Anti Pyretic
Aspirin causes several different effects in the body, mainly the reduction of
inflammation, analgesia (relief of pain), the prevention of clotting, and the
reduction of fever. Much of this is believed to be due to decreased
production of prostaglandins and TXA2(ThromboxaneA2)

8. Effect on respiration
Salicylate increase the consumption of o2 by skeletal muscle resulting
respiratory alkalosis.
Uricosuriceffect
Asprinshows increase the excretion of uric acid in the urine, thus
reducing the concentration of uric acid in blood plasma.
Metabolic effect
Enhance utilisationof glucose by tissue, which leads to lowering of
blood sugar level.

9. MECHANISM OF ACTION
NSAIDspreventourbodiesfrommakingprostaglandins.
Prostaglandinsarehormone-likechemicalsinthebodythatcontribute
toinflammation,painandfeverbyraisingtemperatureanddilatingbloodvessels
whichcausesrednessandswellingintheplacetheyarereleased
.
NSAIDsblockaspecificenzymescalledcyclooxygenase(orCOX)usedbythebody
tomakethromboxanesandprostaglandins.
Specifically:thromboxanesplayaroleinplateletadhesion;prostaglandinscause
vasodilation,increasethetemperatureset-pointinthehypothalamusandplayarolein
.
anti-nociception(Antinociception,alsoknownasnocioception,isthebody's
sensorynervoussystemresponsetostimulithatcouldbeharmful)
Byreducingproductionofprostaglandins,NSAIDshelprelievethediscomfortof
feverandreduceinflammationandtheassociatedpain
.

10. ADVERS EFFECT OF SALICYLATES
1.Heart burn.
2.Nausea.
3.GI bleeding.
4.Mucosal ulceration.
5.Tinnitus.
6.Dizziness.
7.Restlessness.
8.Mental confusion.
9.Allergic reaction.
10.Convulsion.
11.Coma.
12.Hyperpyrexia.

11. USES
1.Relive musculoskeletal pain.
2.Rheumatic fever.
3.Counter irritant.
4.Rubefacient.
5.Anti-inflammatory agents.
6.Toothach.
7.Arthritis.
8.Dysmanorrhoea.
9.Headach.
10.Sore throat.
11.Neuralgia.
DOSE
300-600mg every 4-6 hrs max daily dose 4gm in the form of tablet, suspension.

12. CONTRAINDICATION
1.Hypersensitivity.
2.GI ulceration.
3.Hemophilia and other bleeding disorders.
PREPARATION AND DOSES
1.Acetyl salicylic cid I.P
2.Aspirin tablet I.P.
3.Sodium salicylate I.P.
4.Methyl salicylate I.P.

13. PARACETAMOL
DOSE-0.5-1 gm every 4 hrs max. 4gm/day tablet, suspension, orally
USES-Headach, Musculoskeletal Pain, Dysmanorrhoea, Arthiritis, Rheumatic
Fever, Migrain, Neuralgia.
AE-Drug Rashes, Blood Dyscrasis(imbalance In Blood)
PREPARATION-Crocin, Anacin, calpol.
ANALGIN
DOSE-0.5-1gm, 3-4 times a day/ orally
0.5-1gm divided doses/ IV.IM
USES-for sever pain due to tumour.
AE-nausea, peptic ulcer, pulmonary edema, cardiac failure.
PREPARATION-Novalgin, Ultragin,trigan

14. INDOMETHACIN
DOSE-25mg,2-3 times, daily after food
USE-Rheumatic Arithritis, Osteoarithritis, Spondylitis, Acute Gout
AE-Headach, Gastricbleeding, Confusion
PREPARATION-Indocap, Indoflam, Indocin.
IBUPEROFEN
DOSE-400mg t.i.dtablet ,suspension , oral use
USE-arthiritis, spondylitis, opthalmic, dental
AE-headach, dizziness, GI disturbance
PREPARATION-Brufen