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It's about molecular structure

1. NOMENCLATURE General Chemistry (Organic)

2. Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds Oxidation Number – a positive or negative value that describes the combining capacity of atom and indicates how the elements are arranged in a compound. Binary compounds – compounds made up of 2 different elements Fe + Cl  FeCl3 H + + O-2  H2O

3. Rules for Determining Oxidation Numbers 1. The oxidation number of an element in the free or uncombined state is zero. 2.The algebraic sum of the oxidation number of all the atoms in a compound is zero. 3. The oxidation number of an ion is the charge on the ion. 4. The sum of the oxidation number of the atoms in a polyatomic ion must equal the charge.

4. Rules for Determining Oxidation Numbers

5. Nomenclature of Binary Compounds A. Metal and Nonmetal 1. Metals having fixed oxidation state METAL + NONMETAL STEM + IDE

6. Nomenclature of Binary Compounds A. Metal and Nonmetal 2. Metals with variable oxidation states 2.1 Stock name METAL (OXIDATION NO.) + NONMETAL STEM + IDE Fe+Cl 3 – iron (III) chloride Fe+Cl 2 – iron (II) chloride 2.2 Classical Name ferric chloride ferrous chloride

7. Nomenclature of Binary Compounds B. Binary Compounds Containing 2 nonmetals PREFIX + NONMETAL + PREFIX + NONMETAL STEM + IDE 1 mono 6 hexa 2 di 7 hepta 3 tri 8 octa 4 tetra 9 nona 5 penta 10 deca

8. Nomenclature of Binary Compounds B. Binary Compounds Containing 2 nonmetals Example: N 2 O – di nitrogen mono x ide CCl 4 – carbon tetra chlor ide Let’s try: 1. PCl 3 2. H 2 O

9. Nomenclature of Binary Compounds C. Exceptions to the use of binary ending NH 4 – ammonium CN - cyanide OH - hydroxide Let’s try: 1. NH 4 I 2. NaOH

10. Nomenclature of Binary Compounds D. Acid derived from binary compounds HYDRO + NONMETAL STEM + IC ACID HCl – Hydro chlor ic acid