Normal_Pressure_Hydrocephalus pptx by chatgpt

Normal pressure Hydrocephalus

1. Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Author: SlideShare Source: SlideShare.net

2. Introduction Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) is a type of hydrocephalus in adults characterized by: - Enlarged cerebral ventricles - Normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure - Gait disturbance, dementia, and urinary incontinence

3. Epidemiology More common in elderly population Prevalence: ~0.5-2% in adults over 60 years

4. Etiology Can be idiopathic or secondary to: - Subarachnoid hemorrhage - Head trauma - CNS infections - Neurosurgery

5. Pathophysiology Ventricular enlargement leads to: - Stretching of periventricular fibers - Impaired CSF absorption

6. Clinical Features Classic triad: 1. Gait disturbance (magnetic gait) 2. Dementia (cognitive decline) 3. Urinary incontinence Other features: - Mild headache - Slowed movements

7. Diagnosis Based on clinical features + imaging + CSF studies - MRI/CT: Enlarged ventricles with normal cortical sulci - CSF tap test or infusion test

8. Differential Diagnosis - Alzheimer’s disease - Parkinson’s disease - Vascular dementia

9. Management Primary treatment: CSF shunting - Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt - Lumboperitoneal (LP) shunt - Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (rare)

10. Follow-up - Monitor shunt function - Assess cognitive and gait improvement - Manage complications: infection, obstruction

11. Conclusion Early diagnosis and shunting improve outcomes. Multidisciplinary management is recommended.

12. References SlideShare: Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Presentation Other medical sources