NOTE ON DERMATOSES (INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM DISORDER)

Subject: Medical surgical nursing/ Adult health nursing
Title: Dermatoses
Prepared by: Misfa Khatun, M.sc. (N) Tutor
Content:
- Introduction
- Definition
- Types
- Causes
- Symptoms
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Nursing management
- Prevention & self- care

1. DERMATOSES PREPARED BY, MISFA KHATUN

2. INTRODUCTION Dermatosis is referred as diseases of the skin, nails, and hair in the integumentary system. Infectious dermatoses that can manifest as vesicles include bacteria, viruses, fungi, syphilis and other infections. Non-infectious dermatoses occur due to allergic and autoimmune disease.

3. DEFINITION Dermatoses- any abnormal condition of the skin, ranging from the mildest redness, itching, or scaling to an eczematous, ulcerative, acneiform, pigmentary, granulomas, or neoplastic disorder.

4. TYPES Acne : A common dermatosis characterized by the formation of pimples, blackheads, and whiteheads. Eczema : A chronic inflammatory condition that causes itchy, red, and dry skin. Psoriasis : A chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by thick, scaly patches of skin. Dermatitis : Inflammation of the skin that can result from contact with irritants or allergens. Rosacea : A chronic skin condition characterized by facial redness, flushing, and the appearance of small blood vessels. Urticaria : Also known as hives, it is a skin condition characterized by raised, itchy welts.

5. Contd … Acne Eczema Psoriasis

6. Contd … Dermatitis Rosacea Urticaria

7. CAUSES Genetics : Some dermatoses have a genetic predisposition, making certain individuals more susceptible to developing these conditions. - For example, people with the gene HLA-DR4 have a high risk of experiencing dermatosis than those who do not . Environmental Factors : Exposure to irritants, allergens, chemicals, or extreme weather conditions can trigger or exacerbate dermatosis. Autoimmune Disorders : Conditions like psoriasis and lupus can lead to the development of dermatoses. Infections : Certain infections, such as fungal, viral or bacterial infections, can cause dermatosis. - Bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. - Virus: HIV/AIDS

8. SYMPTOMS Itching, Redness, Rash, Dryness, Scaling, Swelling, Pain etc. Lesion, Vitiligo, Impetigo, Wrinkles, etc. Scaling Rash Swelling Dryness Redness Itching

9. DIAGNOSIS Dermatologists typically diagnose dermatosis through a combination of - Physical examination, Medical history, and Sometimes by conducting skin tests or biopsies.

10. TREATMENT Topical Medications : Creams, ointments, and lotions containing corticosteroids, antifungal agents, or immunomodulators may be prescribed. Systemic Medications : In severe cases, oral medications or injections may be necessary to control the symptoms of dermatosis. Phototherapy : Exposure to specific wavelengths of light can help alleviate symptoms in conditions like psoriasis. Lifestyle Changes : Avoiding triggers, practicing good skincare habits, and managing stress can contribute to managing dermatosis.

11. NURSING MANAGEMENT Assessment: Perform a thorough assessment of the patient's skin condition, including the location, extent, and characteristics of the dermatosis. Assess for any signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, warmth, or purulent discharge. Evaluate the patient's medical history, including any underlying conditions that may contribute to or exacerbate the dermatosis. Prevention: Educate patients on proper skin hygiene practices, including regular cleansing, moisturizing, and protection from environmental irritants. Encourage patients to avoid triggers or known irritants that may exacerbate their dermatosis. Promote a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and adequate hydration, as these factors can influence skin health.

12. Contd … 3. Treatment: Collaborate with the healthcare team to develop an individualized treatment plan for the specific dermatosis. This may include topical medications, oral medications, phototherapy, or other interventions. Administer prescribed medications as ordered, ensuring proper dosage, timing, and application techniques. Monitor the patient's response to treatment, including the improvement or worsening of symptoms, and communicate any changes to the healthcare team. Provide comfort measures, such as cool compresses or soothing lotions, to relieve itching, pain, or discomfort associated with the dermatosis.

13. Contd … 4. Patient Education: Educate patients about their specific dermatosis, including its causes, symptoms, and potential triggers. Teach patients how to properly apply topical medications, emphasizing the importance of consistency and adherence to the prescribed treatment regimen. Instruct patients on self-care strategies, such as proper skin hygiene, moisturizing techniques, and avoidance of irritants. Discuss the importance of follow-up appointments and regular monitoring to assess treatment effectiveness and make any necessary adjustments.

14. Contd … 5. Emotional Support: Recognize the potential impact of dermatosis on a patient's emotional well-being and body image. Provide empathetic and supportive care, addressing any concerns or anxieties related to the dermatosis. Refer patients to appropriate resources, such as support groups or counseling services, to help them cope with the psychosocial aspects of their condition.

15. PREVENTION AND SELF-CARE Protecting the skin from excessive sun exposure. Avoiding exposure to irritants and allergens. Maintaining good hygiene practices. Keeping the skin moisturized and well-nourished. Seeking medical advice promptly for any skin abnormalities or persistent symptoms. Avoid rubbing, itching at the affected area. Avoid sharing personal care items.

16. THANK YOU