Noun and Pronoun

Noun and Pronoun

1. Presentation on noun and pronoun Hammad Ahmad BS(CS )-F19-343 SUPERIOR UNIVERSTY, LAHORE

2. THE NOUN Noun are the naming words. Noun are the words that name a person, place, things, object, idea, qualities and activities. For example: Note: The word ‘thing’ includes all objects that we can see, hear, taste, touch or smell AND something that we can think of, but cannot perceive by the senses. 2 Persons Places Things Objects Ideas Qualities Activates Ali Lahore Cup Carpet Love Honesty Work Ahmad Pakistan Glass Statue Luck Generosity Study

3. THE NOUN: KINDS OF NOUN Common Noun: The name given in common to every person, thing or place is called Common Noun. For example: Student, Teacher, City, Collage and Country. Proper Noun: T he name of particular person, thing or place is called Proper Noun. For example: Ali, Lahore, Friday and December. Collective Noun: The name given to any group of things or persons is called Collective Noun. For example: Class, Crowed, Army, Staff, Team and Jury. Abstract Noun: The name of quality, idea or action is called an Abstract Noun. For example: Love, Wisdom, Justice, kindness, Life and Death. 3

4. EXCEPTIONAL KINDS OF NOUN Material Noun: The name of material or substance of which things are made is called Material Noun. For example: Gold, Silver, Milk and Wood. Countable Noun: The name of a thing that can be counted or divided into singular or plural is called Countable Noun. For example: book, chair, student and player. Uncountable Noun: The name of a thing that cannot be counted or divided into singular or plural is called Uncountable Noun. For example: Milk, Rice, Gold, Silver, Justice and Democracy. Possessive Noun: The noun which show ownership or relationship are called Possessive Noun. For example: Ali’s house, Ahmad’s book, Waleed and Fawad’s football and Mother’s love. Compound Noun: A noun of two or more than two words used together is called Compound Noun. For example: Footsteps, Bookshelf, Father-in-law, Classroom, House of knowledge, Up-to-date. 4

5. PRONOUN “It is a word used in place of a noun. It is called pronoun.” For example: I, we, you, her, they etc. I have built a house. She gave me a nice gift. 5

6. PERSONAL PRONOUNS There are the three persons are called Personal Pronouns. E.g. I, we, you, he/she, it the person speaking (personal pronoun of first person e.g. I, we) the person speaking to (personal pronoun of second person e.g. you) the person spoken of (personal pronoun of the third person e.g. he/she, it) 6

7. 7 FORMS OF THE PERSONAL PRONOUNS FIRST PERSON SINGULAR PLURAL Nominative I we Possessive my, mine our, ours Accusative me us SECOND PERSON SINGULAR PLURAL Nominative you you Possessive your yours Accusative you you

8. For example: I have built a house. (I is the first person singular) She gave me a nice book. (She is the third and me is first persons) I am very thankful to you . ( I is the first and you is the second persons) 8 8 THIRD PERSON Masculine (singular) Feminine (singular) Neuter All Genders (Plural) Nominative he she it they Possessive his her, hers its their, theirs Accusative him her it them

9. Reflexive pronoun: When –self is added to my, your, him, her, it and –selves to our, your, them, we get what are called Reflexive Pronouns (Compound personal pronouns). They are called Reflexive Pronouns when the action done by the subject turns back or reflects upon the subject. E.g. She hurt herself, They hurt themselves, The horse hurt itself. Emphatic Pronoun If a reflexive pronoun is used for the sake of emphasis, it is called to be an Emphatic Pronoun. E.g. You yourself can best explain, He himself said so, She herself says so 9

10. Demonstrative Pronouns The pronouns that are used to point out the objects to which they refer, are called Demonstrative Pronouns . E.g. This, these, those, that, and such. E.g. These are merely excuses, Both cars are good; but this is better than that Indefinite Pronouns Pronouns that refer to persons or things in a general way, but do not refer to any person or thing in particular are called Indefinite Pronouns . E.g. One, none, all, some, nobody, anybody, everybody, somebody, everyone, few, many, any, other E.g. One must not praise one's self, None of his poems are well known. 10

11. Distributive Pronouns Pronouns that refer to persons or things one at a time are called Distributive Pronouns. E.g. Each, either, neither E.g. Either of you can go. Neither of the accusations is true.     Relative pronoun: The pronoun that refers or relates to some noun mentioned before (antecedent) is called a Relative Pronoun. E.g. Who, which, that (I met Abdul who had just returned OR Here is the book that you lent me) 11

12. USE OF NOUN & PRONOUN  A  noun or pronoun  may be used as a subject of a sentence, as a direct object, as an indirect object, or it may be used as the object of a preposition. Subject: A subject is the person, place, or thing that performs the action (verb).  For example: Father works in a farm, He work in a farm. Direct object: A direct object receives the action of the (verb). In other words, it is the thing being acted upon. For example: Europe welcomed  millions of tourists last year . OR Ali built a house. Indirect object: An indirect object is a noun or pronoun to whom/what or for whom/what an action is completed. Note: “An indirect object will appear before the direct object” For example: Ali built Ahmad a house. Object of preposition: Prepositions are followed by a noun or pronoun which acts as their object. When the object of a preposition is a pronoun, the pronoun should be in the object form. Note: Indirect object are not the same as an object of preposition. For example: Ali bought a car for her . ( “her” would be the indirect object. However, “her” is the object of the preposition “for”). 12

13. Correction OF Noun & Pronoun Incorrect: My brother and myself did it. Correct: My brother and I did it. Incorrect: The women each gave her approval. Correct: The women each gave their approval. Correct: It is I who am sorry. (I am) Incorrect: It is I who is sorry Incorrect: It could have been them. correct: It could have been they. 13

14. Incorrect: I invited he and his wife. Correct: I invited him and his wife. Incorrect: Have you got any informations ? Correct : Have you got any information ? Incorrect: He provided the blinds with food. correct: He provided the blind with food . Incorrect: He told these news to me. Correct: He told me this news. 14

15. THANK YOU 15