Nuclear Chemistry-Augar effect-Internal conversion-Isomerism

Nuclear Isomerism
A nuclear isomer is a metastable state of an atomic nucleus caused by the excitation of one or more of its nucleons (protons or neutrons). "

 "Metastable" refers to the property of these nuclei whose excited states have half-lives longer than 100 to 1000 times ...

Nuclear Isomerism
A nuclear isomer is a metastable state of an atomic nucleus caused by the excitation of one or more of its nucleons (protons or neutrons). "

 "Metastable" refers to the property of these nuclei whose excited states have half-lives longer than 100 to 1000 times the half-lives of the excited nuclear states that decay with a "prompt" half life (ordinarily on the order of 10−12 seconds). As a result, the term "metastable" is usually restricted to isomers with half-lives of 10−9 seconds or longer.

Augar Effect
The transition of a nucleus from an excited to the ground state may occur by the EJECTION OF ORBITAL ELECTRONS
It is an alternative GAMMA  emission
IF the energy TRANSFERRED to the electrons in this process exceeds the electron binding energy EB ,The electron is ejected with a kinetic ENERGY

Ee =E  - EBThe transition of a nucleus from an excited to the ground state may occur by the EJECTION OF ORBITAL ELECTRONS
It is an alternative GAMMA  emission
IF the energy TRANSFERRED to the electrons in this process exceeds the electron binding energy EB ,The electron is ejected with a kinetic ENERGY


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