Nuclear power presentation on environment science .pptx

Nuclear power

1. GURU NANAK INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TOPIC NUCLEAR POWER NAME OF THE STUDENT Amisha Chakraborty PNR NUMBER: 313 40 2230 05 ACADEMIC SESSION : 2023-2024 PAPER NAME: Environmental studies PAPER CODE: VAC 2 81 D Affiliated to Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology

2. INTRODUCTION B. Sc/ SEM 7 /2022-23/ /Paper name/ Paper Code/Presentation_1 Introduction to Nuclear Power: Nuclear power harnesses the energy released during nuclear fission, where the nucleus of an atom splits into smaller parts, releasing a large amount of energy. This energy is used to generate electricity through steam turbines. Nuclear power plays a significant role in the global energy mix, providing around 10% of the world's electricity. It's valued for its low greenhouse gas emissions compared to fossil fuels, making it a crucial component in efforts to combat climate change. Nuclear energy is  a form of energy released from the nucleus, the core of atoms, made up of protons and neutrons . Both fission and fusion are  nuclear reactions that produce energy , but the processes are very different. Fission is the splitting of a heavy, unstable nucleus into two lighter nuclei, and fusion is the process where two light nuclei combine together releasing vast amounts of energy

3. B. Sc/ SEM 7 /2022-23/ /Paper name/ Paper Code/Presentation_1 Nuclear Reactor Types and Operation: Nuclear reactors come in various designs, including pressurized water reactors (PWRs) and boiling water reactors (BWRs). PWRs use pressurized water to transfer heat generated by nuclear fission to a secondary loop where steam is produced to drive turbines. BWRs, on the other hand, allow water to boil directly in the reactor vessel to produce steam. Both types rely on control rods to regulate the fission process, coolant circulation to remove heat, and containment structures to prevent the release of radioactive materials.

4. B. Sc/ SEM 7 /2022-23/ /Paper name/ Paper Code/Presentation_1 Nuclear Waste Management: Nuclear waste disposal presents significant challenges due to the long-lived radioactive nature of some by-products. Strategies for managing nuclear waste include reprocessing, where usable materials are separated from waste, interim storage at dedicated facilities, and the development of geological repositories for long-term disposal deep underground. However, concerns about environmental contamination and public acceptance pose hurdles to the implementation of permanent storage solutions. Safety and Regulation: Nuclear safety is paramount and involves multiple layers of protection. This includes robust containment structures to prevent the release of radioactive materials, emergency cooling systems to manage reactor core temperatures, and redundant safety features to mitigate the risk of accidents. Regulatory bodies like the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) in the United States and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) globally enforce strict safety standards and oversight to ensure the safe operation of nuclear facilities.

5. CON C LU S ION SUMMARY B. Sc/ SEM 7 /2022-23/ /Paper name/ Paper Code/Presentation_1 Future of Nuclear Power: The future of nuclear power includes advancements in technology and the exploration of new reactor designs such as small modular reactors (SMRs) and advanced Generation IV reactors. SMRs offer scalability, enhanced safety features, and potential cost savings compared to traditional large-scale reactors. Additionally, nuclear energy is seen as a crucial tool in the transition to a low-carbon economy, with its ability to provide baseload power without greenhouse gas emissions. However, challenges remain, including public perception, regulatory hurdles, and competition from alternative energy sources. Continued research, development, and collaboration will be essential in realizing the full potential of nuclear power in addressing global energy needs.

6. REFERENCE B. PHARM/ SEM 7 /2022-23/ /Paper name/ Paper Code/Presentation_1 World Nuclear Association. (2022). "Nuclear Power in the World Today. "International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). (2021). "Nuclear Power Reactors in the World. "Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). (2022). "Overview of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2014). "Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. "United Nations. (2015). "Sustainable Development Goal 7: Ensure Access to Affordable, Reliable, Sustainable, and Modern Energy for All."