Nucleic Acid by hammad Hussain according biochem.pptx

Nucleic acids are biomolecules essential for storing, transmitting, and expressing genetic information. They are polymers made of nucleotide monomers, each consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The two main types of nucleic acids are:

1. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) – A double-stranded molecule that carries genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all living organisms.


2. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) – A single-stranded molecule that plays roles in protein synthesis, gene regulation, and other cellular functions.
Nucleic acids are found in all living cells and some viruses, serving as the blueprint for life.

1. Nucleic acid Objectives Nucleotide Component of nucleotides Structure of nucleotides Hammad Hussain Reg# SU024-01-191-035

2. Nucleotide A nucleotide is the basic building blocks of nucleic acid Such as DNA,RNA It is composed of three main component.

3. Component of nucleotide Nitrogenous base. Pentose sugar. Phosphate group.

4. Nitrogenous bases It is heterocyclic ring that contains nitrogen atom. There are five different nitrogenous bases found in nucleotides such as Adenine, Guanine, cytosine, thymine,and Uracil.

5. Pentose sugar It’s five carbon sugar molecules. There are two types of sugar found in nucleotide Such as deoxyribose (DNA ) and ribose(RNA)

6. Phosphate group It’s a molecule that contains a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms. The phosphate group are responsible for linking nucleotide together by phosphdiester bond to form nucleic acid chain.

7. Nucleotide structure

8. REFERENCE Alberts, B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K., & Walter, P. (2002). Molecular biology of the cell (5 th ed.). New York: Garland Science.
Berg, J. M., Tymoczko, J. L., & Stryer, L. (2012). Biochemistry (7 th ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman and Company.
Campbell, N. A., & Reece, J. B. (2008). Biology (8 th ed.). San Francisco: Pearson Education.

9. Any Questions