Chapter 1
Number Theory Meets Wireless
Communications: An Introduction for
Dummies Like Us
Victor Beresnevich and Sanju Velani
AbstractIn this chapter we introduce the theory of Diophantine approximation
via a series of basic examples from information theory relevant to wireless
communications. In particular, we discuss Dirichlet’s theorem, badly approximable
points, Dirichlet improvable and singular points, the metric (probabilistic) theory
of Diophantine approximation including the Khintchine-Groshev theorem and the
theory of Diophantine approximation on manifolds. We explore various number
theoretic approaches used in the analysis of communication characteristics such as
Degrees of Freedom (DoF). In particular, we improve the result of Motahari et al.
regarding the DoF of a two-user X-channel. In essence, we show that the total DoF
can be achieved for all (rather than almostall) choices of channel coefficients with
the exception of a subset of strictly smaller dimension than the ambient space. The
improvement utilises the concept of jointly non-singular points that we introduce
and a general result of Kadyrov et al. on theδ-escape of mass in the space of lattices.
We also discuss follow-up open problems that incorporate a breakthrough of Cheung
and more generally Das et al. on the dimension of the set of singular points.
1.1 Basic Examples and Fundamentals of Diophantine
Approximation
Let us start by addressing a natural question that a number theorist or more
generally a mathematician who has picked up this book may well ask:what is
the role of number theory in the world of wireless communications?We will
come clean straightaway and say that bynumber theory we essentially mean areas
such as Diophantine approximation and the geometry of numbers, and by wireless
communication we essentially mean the design and analysis of lattice/linear codes
for wireless communications which thus falls in the realm of information theory. To
V. B e r e s n ev i c h (ζ)∙S.Velani
Department of Mathematics, University of York, York, UK
e-mail:
[email protected];
[email protected]
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
V. Beresnevich et al. (eds.),Number Theory Meets Wireless Communications,
Mathematical Engineering,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61303-7_1
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