Nursing Informatics refrence readimg material

Reading for NNursing Informatics

1. Personal, professional, and educational informatics are all subfields
within the broader field of informatics, each focusing on how
information and technology are used in different aspects of our lives.
Here's a breakdown of each:
Personal Informatics:
Focus: This area explores how individuals use information and
technology to manage and improve their personal lives. It often
involves self-tracking, data analysis, and the use of tools to
gain insights into one's own behaviors, habits, and well-being.
Examples:
oUsing fitness trackers to monitor activity levels and
sleep patterns.
oTracking mood and diet to identify triggers for
emotional well-being.
oUtilizing personal finance apps to manage budgets and
investments.
Goals:
oIncreased self-awareness and understanding.
oBehavior change and personal improvement.
oEnhanced decision-making related to personal goals.
Professional Informatics:
Focus: This field examines how information and technology
are applied in workplace settings to improve efficiency,
productivity, and decision-making. It encompasses areas like
data management, communication systems, and the use of
software and hardware to support business processes.
Examples:
oUsing customer relationship management (CRM)
systems to manage customer interactions and data.
oImplementing enterprise resource planning (ERP)
systems to integrate various business functions.
oUtilizing data analytics tools to identify trends and
insights from business data.
Goals:
oStreamlined workflows and increased productivity.
oImproved communication and collaboration.
oData-driven decision-making and strategic planning.
Educational Informatics:
Focus: This area investigates how information and technology
can be used to enhance teaching, learning, and educational
administration. It includes the use of educational software,
online learning platforms, and data analytics to personalize
learning experiences and improve educational outcomes.
Examples:
oUsing learning management systems (LMS) to deliver
online courses and track student progress.
oUtilizing educational apps and simulations to engage
students in interactive learning.
oEmploying data analytics to identify students' learning
needs and provide personalized support.
Goals:
oImproved access to education and personalized learning
experiences.
oEnhanced teaching practices and student engagement.
oData-driven decision-making to improve educational
outcomes.
Key Considerations:
Interconnectedness: These three areas are often
interconnected. For example, skills learned in educational
informatics can be applied in professional settings, and
personal informatics tools can be used to support personal
development goals related to one's career.
Ethical Implications: As with any field involving data and
technology, ethical considerations are crucial in personal,
professional, and educational informatics. Issues like privacy,
data security, and the responsible use of information must be
addressed.

2. By understanding the unique aspects of each of these areas, individuals
and organizations can
Nursing informatics has a rich history, evolving from the early use of
data to improve patient care to the sophisticated integration of
technology we see today. Here's a glimpse into its development:  
Early Foundations:
Florence Nightingale (Mid-1800s): Often considered the
pioneer of nursing informatics, Nightingale meticulously
collected and analyzed data on patient outcomes during the
Crimean War. She used this data to advocate for improved
sanitation and healthcare practices, demonstrating the power of
information in nursing.  
The Dawn of Computing:
1950s-1960s: With the advent of computers, nurses began to
explore their potential in healthcare. Early applications focused
on administrative tasks and financial transactions.
1970s: The first conferences and publications dedicated to
nursing and computers emerged, marking the formal
beginnings of nursing informatics as a field. Nurses started to
explore the use of computers for care planning and patient
scheduling.
Growth and Recognition:
1980s: This decade saw significant advancements, including
the development of nursing-specific informatics applications
and the establishment of professional organizations like the
Capital Area Roundtable on Informatics in Nursing
(CARING).  
1990s: Nursing informatics gained formal recognition as a
specialty by the American Nurses Association (ANA) in 1992.
This solidified its place within the nursing profession and led to
the development of certification programs.  
Expanding Horizons:
2000s-Present: The 21st century has witnessed an explosion in
the use of technology in healthcare. Electronic health records
(EHRs), telehealth, and data analytics have become integral to
nursing practice. Nursing informaticists play a crucial role in
implementing and optimizing these technologies to improve
patient care, streamline workflows, and advance nursing
science.  
Key Milestones:
1983: The journal Computers in Nursing (now CIN:
Computers, Informatics, Nursing) was founded, providing a
platform for research and knowledge sharing in the field.  
1992: The ANA recognized nursing informatics as a specialty.
2006: The Technology Informatics Guiding Education Reform
(TIGER) Initiative was launched to advance informatics
education and workforce training.  
2009: The Health Information Technology for Economic and
Clinical Health (HITECH) Act incentivized the adoption of
EHRs, further accelerating the integration of technology in
healthcare.  
Impact and Future Directions:
Nursing informatics has transformed healthcare by:
Improving patient safety through the use of EHRs and clinical
decision support systems.  
Enhancing communication and collaboration among healthcare
providers.  
Streamlining workflows and increasing efficiency.  
Enabling data-driven decision-making to improve patient
outcomes.
As technology continues to evolve, nursing informatics will play an
even greater role in shaping the future of healthcare. Areas of focus
include:

3. Artificial intelligence and machine learning: Using AI to
analyze data, personalize care, and improve diagnoses.  
Big data analytics: Leveraging large datasets to identify
trends, predict outbreaks, and improve population health.  
Interoperability: Ensuring seamless data exchange between
different healthcare systems.  
Cybersecurity: Protecting patient data and ensuring the
integrity of healthcare systems.  
Nursing informatics is a dynamic and evolving field that is essential to
the delivery of high-quality, patient-centered care.
By embracing technology and leveraging data, nurses can continue to
improve healthcare outcomes and advance the profession.  
Sources and related content
While nursing informatics is still a developing field in the Philippines,
it has made significant strides in recent years. Here's a look at its
history:
Early Stages (1990s - 2000s):
Influence of Biomedical Informatics: Nursing informatics in
the Philippines followed the lead of biomedical informatics,
which gained traction earlier. The Philippine Medical
Informatics Society (PMIS) played a key role in promoting
health informatics in general.  
Early Education and Training: In the late 1990s, some
faculty members from the University of the Philippines began
formal education and training in informatics, laying the
foundation for future developments.
Standards Development: The Philippine Nurses Association
(PNA) participated in the development of Standards for Health
Information in the Philippines (SHIP) in 1999, marking an
important step in standardizing health information.
Formal Recognition and Growth (2008 - Present):
Inclusion in Nursing Education: A significant milestone was
the introduction of nursing informatics into the undergraduate
nursing curriculum in 2008, as mandated by the Commission
on Higher Education (CHED). This helped raise awareness and
build a foundation for future nurse informaticists.
Formation of Professional Organizations: In 2010, the
Philippine Nursing Informatics Association was established,
providing a platform for professionals to collaborate, share
knowledge, and advocate for the advancement of the field.
Increased Adoption of Technology: The increasing use of
technology in healthcare, such as electronic health records
(EHRs) and telehealth, has further driven the need for nursing
informatics expertise in the Philippines.
Challenges and Future Directions:
Despite the progress, nursing informatics in the Philippines still faces
challenges:
Curriculum Development: Adapting international nursing
informatics curricula to the local context and needs is crucial.  
Specialty Recognition: While nursing informatics is gaining
recognition, further efforts are needed to establish it as a
distinct specialty within nursing practice.
Workforce Development: Building a strong workforce of
qualified nurse informaticists through training, certification,
and continuing education is essential.
Looking ahead, nursing informatics in the Philippines has great
potential to contribute to improved healthcare outcomes. Areas of
focus include:
Telehealth: Expanding the use of telehealth to reach remote
and underserved populations.
Data Analytics: Utilizing data analytics to improve patient
care, prevent disease, and inform healthcare policy.

4. Interoperability: Ensuring seamless data exchange between
different healthcare systems.
By addressing the challenges and capitalizing on the opportunities,
nursing informatics can play a vital role in shaping the future of
healthcare in the Philippines.
Concepts of theories, models, and frameworks within the context of
informatics. These are crucial tools for understanding, explaining, and
designing systems within this field.  
1. Theories in Informatics:
What they are: Theories in informatics attempt to explain and
predict phenomena related to information, its processing, and
its impact on individuals, organizations, and society. They
provide a structured set of ideas about how things work. They
often draw from other disciplines like computer science,
cognitive science, information science, and social sciences.  
Purpose:
oUnderstanding: Theories help us understand complex
informatics phenomena, like how people interact with
technology, how information is organized and retrieved,
or how algorithms impact decision-making.
oPrediction: A good theory allows us to predict what
might happen in certain situations. For example, a
theory about user interface design might predict how
users will respond to a new website layout.
oGuidance: Theories can guide the development and
evaluation of new informatics systems and
technologies.  
Examples:
oInformation Foraging Theory: Explains how people
search for information online, drawing parallels to how
animals forage for food.  
oCognitive Load Theory: Explains how the amount of
information presented to learners can impact their
ability to learn effectively.  
oSocio-Technical Theory: Examines the interplay
between social and technical factors in shaping the
success of information systems.  
oDiffusion of Innovations Theory: Explains how new
technologies and ideas spread through a population.  

5. 2. Models in Informatics:
What they are: Models are simplified representations of
reality. They are used to describe, explain, or predict aspects of
an informatics system or process. They are often more concrete
and specific than theories.  
Purpose:
oSimplification: Models help us understand complex
systems by focusing on the most important elements.  
oCommunication: Models can be used to communicate
ideas about a system to different stakeholders.  
oAnalysis: Models can be used to analyze and evaluate
different design options.
oSimulation: Models can be used to simulate the
behavior of a system under different conditions.  
Examples:
oData Flow Diagrams (DFDs): Model how data moves
through a system.  
oEntity-Relationship Diagrams (ERDs): Model the
structure of data in a database.  
oUnified Modeling Language (UML) diagrams:
Model the structure and behavior of software systems.  
oThe OSI Model: A layered model of network
communication.  
3. Frameworks in Informatics:
What they are: Frameworks provide a high-level structure or
set of guidelines for thinking about or designing something.
They are less specific than models and less explanatory than
theories. They offer a broad perspective and a set of concepts
to consider.
Purpose:
oOrganization: Frameworks help organize our thinking
about a complex problem.
oGuidance: Frameworks provide guidance for the
design and implementation of informatics systems.  
oConsistency: Frameworks promote consistency in the
way we approach informatics challenges.
Examples:
oThe Zachman Framework: A framework for
enterprise architecture that helps organize and manage
the complexity of large IT systems.  
oITIL (Information Technology Infrastructure
Library): A framework for IT service management.  
oThe ADDIE Model: A framework for instructional
design, often used in educational informatics.  
oDesign Thinking Framework: A human-centered
approach to problem-solving and innovation.  
Key Differences and Relationships:
Theory: Explains why things happen.
Model: Represents how things work (simplified
representation).  
Framework: Provides a structure for thinking about or
designing something.  
Frameworks can incorporate elements of theories and models. Models
can be based on theories. Often, a framework will suggest the use of
certain models and will be informed by relevant theories. These three
concepts work together to advance our understanding and practice in
informatics.

6. Functions & Responsibilities:
1. Clinical Informatics Specialist:
Focus: Bridges the gap between clinical practice and
information technology. They often have a clinical background
(nurse, physician, etc.) combined with informatics expertise.
Responsibilities:
oSystem Design & Implementation: Participates in the
design, development, and implementation of clinical
information systems (EHRs, telehealth platforms, etc.).
oWorkflow Optimization: Analyzes clinical workflows
and identifies opportunities to improve efficiency and
patient safety through technology.
oData Analysis & Reporting: Extracts and analyzes
data to identify trends, measure outcomes, and support
clinical decision-making.
oTraining & Support: Provides training and support to
clinicians on the use of informatics systems.
oQuality Improvement: Contributes to quality
improvement initiatives by using data and technology
to identify areas for improvement.
2. Nursing Informatics Specialist:
Focus: A specialized clinical informatics role with a focus on
nursing practice and information needs.
Responsibilities:
oNursing Workflow Analysis: Specifically analyzes
nursing workflows and identifies how technology can
support and enhance nursing care.
oNursing Data Management: Works with data related
to nursing assessments, interventions, and outcomes.
oNursing-Specific Applications: May be involved in
the development and implementation of nursing-
specific applications (e.g., electronic charting systems,
medication administration systems).
oAdvocacy: Advocates for the needs of nurses and
patients in the design and implementation of
informatics systems.
3. Clinical Analyst:
Focus: Focuses on the analysis of clinical data and processes to
identify trends, patterns, and areas for improvement.
Responsibilities:
oData Collection & Analysis: Collects, cleans, and
analyzes clinical data from various sources.
oRequirements Gathering: Works with clinicians to
understand their information needs and translate them
into system requirements.
oReport Development: Develops reports and
dashboards to visualize clinical data and provide
insights to stakeholders.
oProcess Improvement: Identifies opportunities to
improve clinical processes based on data analysis.
4. Clinical Informatics Manager:
Focus: Leads and manages clinical informatics teams and
projects.
Responsibilities:
oProject Management: Oversees the planning,
implementation, and evaluation of clinical informatics
projects.
oTeam Leadership: Manages and mentors clinical
informatics staff.
oStrategic Planning: Contributes to the development of
strategic plans for the use of informatics in the
organization.
oBudget Management: Manages budgets for clinical
informatics projects and resources.

7. 5. Clinical Informatics Coordinator:
Focus: Provides support and coordination for clinical
informatics activities.
Responsibilities:
oProject Coordination: Assists with the coordination of
clinical informatics projects, including scheduling,
communication, and documentation.
oUser Support: Provides support to clinicians on the use
of informatics systems.
oData Management: Assists with the collection,
organization, and maintenance of clinical data.
oTraining & Education: May assist with the
development and delivery of training materials.
6. Nursing Informatics Analyst:
Focus: A more analytical role within nursing informatics,
focusing on data analysis and reporting to support nursing
practice.
Responsibilities:
oNursing Data Analysis: Analyzes nursing data to
identify trends, patterns, and areas for improvement in
nursing care.
oReport Development: Develops reports and
dashboards to visualize nursing data and provide
insights to nursing staff and leadership.
oQuality Improvement: Contributes to quality
improvement initiatives by using data to identify areas
for improvement in nursing practice.
Key Differences:
Clinical vs. Informatics Focus: Some roles (Clinical
Informatics Specialist, Nursing Informatics Specialist) require
a strong clinical background, while others (Clinical Analyst,
Clinical Informatics Coordinator) may focus more on data
analysis and technical skills.
Management vs. Individual Contributor: Clinical
Informatics Manager has leadership responsibilities, while
other roles are typically individual contributors.
Scope of Practice: Nursing Informatics Specialist and Nursing
Informatics Analyst have a specific focus on nursing practice
and data, while other roles may have a broader scope across
different clinical areas.
These roles often work collaboratively within healthcare organizations
to leverage information and technology to improve patient care,
enhance clinical workflows, and advance healthcare delivery.
SPECS
1. Solid State Drive (SSD)
Capacity: The amount of data the SSD can hold (e.g., 250GB,
500GB, 1TB, 2TB). Choose based on your storage needs for
operating system, applications, and files.
Interface: How the SSD connects to the motherboard (e.g.,
SATA, NVMe). NVMe (using PCIe slots) is much faster than
SATA.  
Read/Write Speeds: Measured in MB/s (megabytes per
second). Higher speeds mean faster loading times and overall
system responsiveness. Look for sequential and random
read/write speeds.  
Form Factor: The size and shape of the SSD (e.g., 2.5-inch,
M.2). M.2 is the smaller, newer standard, often used for NVMe
drives.  
TLC, MLC, SLC, QLC: These refer to the type of flash
memory used, affecting endurance and cost. TLC is most
common, QLC is newest and densest but has lower endurance.
2. Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
Capacity: The amount of data the HDD can hold (can be very
large, in the terabyte range).  
Interface: How the HDD connects to the motherboard
(typically SATA).

8. Rotational Speed (RPM): How fast the platters inside spin
(e.g., 5400 RPM, 7200 RPM). Higher RPM generally means
faster read/write speeds.  
Cache: A small amount of memory on the drive that helps
speed up access to frequently used data.  
Form Factor: Size and shape (typically 3.5-inch for desktops,
2.5-inch for laptops).  
3. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
Clock Speed: How many operations the CPU can perform per
second (measured in GHz). Higher clock speed generally
means better performance, but it's not the only factor.  
Cores and Threads: The number of processing units within
the CPU. More cores/threads allow for better multitasking.  
Socket Type: The type of socket the CPU fits into on the
motherboard.
Cache: Memory within the CPU that stores frequently
accessed data.  
TDP (Thermal Design Power): The amount of heat the CPU
generates, which determines the cooling solution needed.  
Manufacturer: Intel and AMD are the main CPU
manufacturers.  
4. Video Cards (Graphics Processing Unit - GPU)
GPU: The main processing unit on the video card.  
Memory (VRAM): Dedicated memory for the video card to
handle graphics-intensive tasks.  
Interface: How the video card connects to the motherboard
(typically PCIe).
Clock Speed: The speed at which the GPU operates.
CUDA Cores/Stream Processors: The number of parallel
processing units within the GPU, affecting performance in
tasks like gaming and video editing.  
Manufacturer: NVIDIA and AMD are the main GPU
manufacturers.
5. Memory (RAM)
Capacity: The amount of RAM available for the computer to
use for active tasks (e.g., 8GB, 16GB, 32GB). More RAM
allows for smoother multitasking and running more programs
simultaneously.  
Speed: How fast the RAM can transfer data (measured in
MHz).
Type: The generation of RAM (e.g., DDR4, DDR5). DDR5 is
the newest and fastest.  
Latency: The delay in accessing data from RAM (lower
latency is better).  
Form Factor: Size and shape (DIMM for desktops, SODIMM
for laptops).  
Important Notes:
Compatibility: Make sure all your chosen components are
compatible with each other (especially the motherboard socket
for the CPU, and the interface for SSDs and video cards).
Balanced System: Aim for a balanced system where no single
component significantly bottlenecks the performance of others.
Specific Needs: The best specifications for you will depend on
your specific needs and budget (e.g., gaming, video editing,
general use).