nursing management of patients with common cold ppt.pptx

INTRODUCTION
The cold or common cold is a disease diagnosed with a headache, runny nose, scratchy throat, fever and non-stop sneezing.
It is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract, which primarily affects the nose and sometimes sinuses, ears, and bronchial tubes.
Common Cold Syndrome includes rhinitis, tonsilitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, pharyngo-laryngitis etc.
Sometimes Influenza (the flu) sinusitis is characterized as a common cold syndrome.
DEFINITION
The common cold or the cold is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that primarily affects the respiratory mucosa of the nose, throat, sinuses, and larynx.
Season of the year, age, and prior exposure are important factors in the type of virus causing the infection and the type of symptoms that may occur
Ex. Rhinoviruses, parainfluenza virus
Associated with a number of viruses
Droplets in the air when someone who is sick coughs, sneezes or talks.
Hand-to-hand contact with someone who has a cold.
Sharing objects with the virus on them, such as dishes, towels, toys or telephones.
Touching the eyes, nose or mouth after contact with the virus.
PREVENTION
1. Wash hands often –
It is probably the best measure to prevent the transfer of a cold or any kind of infection.
Use sanitizer while being in any public place and also make it a point to wash hands before eating.
Teach the importance of hand-wash to kids also.
2. Avoid touching your face –
Try not to touch the face, mouth, nose & eye areas, when someone are near a person infected with a cold.
3. Control stress –
People facing emotional stress regularly have a weaker immune system, which implies that they could catch a cold easily.
Reduce stress and live a healthy life.
4. Cleanliness –
Keep household surfaces like doorknobs, drawer pulls, keyboards, light switches, telephones, remote controls, countertops, and sinks clean.
These are the places where viruses lie for hours after they are used by an infected person.
5. Avoid Smoking –
Cigarette smoke could raise the chances of susceptibility to colds and other infections.
Avoid passive smoking as well.
6. Drink a sufficient amount of water –
Drink water, juice, clear broth, warm lemon water, chicken soup, and other warm fluids.
These will help you to stay away from cold or flu.
7. Clean and disinfect. Clean and disinfect surfaces that are touched often.
8. Don't share - Don't share drinking glasses or silverware with other family members.
9.Stay away from people with colds.
-Avoid close contact with anyone who has a cold. Stay out of crowds when possible. Try not to touch your eyes, nose and mouth when you're in crowds.
Complications;
Middle ear infection.
Asthma
Sinusitis.
pneumonia or bronchitis.
People with asthma or weakened immune systems have an increased risk of these condition.

1. COMMON COLD/RHINITIS/RUNNY NOSE Prepared by :-Prof. Blessy Thomas MSc Nursing, Vice Principal F.N.C.O.N , SPN

2. INTRODUCTION Illnesses of the nose and throat caused by germs are called upper respiratory tract infections.

3. INTRODUCTION The cold or common cold is a disease diagnosed with a headache, runny nose, scratchy throat, fever and non-stop sneezing. It is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract, which primarily affects the nose and sometimes sinuses, ears, and bronchial tubes. Common Cold Syndrome includes rhinitis, tonsilitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis , pharyngo-laryngitis etc. Sometimes Influenza (the flu) sinusitis are characterized as a common cold syndrome.

4. DEFINITION The common cold or the cold is a viral infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract that primarily affects the respiratory mucosa of the nose, throat, sinuses, and larynx.

5. INCIDENCE Children under six years average six to eight colds per year (up to one per month. Adults can get 3-4 colds per year. September through April), with symptoms lasting an average of 14 days.

6. CAUSATIVE ORGANISMS /FAVOURABLE FACTORS Season of the year, age, and prior exposure are important factors in the type of virus causing the infection and the type of symptoms that may occur Ex. Rhinoviruses, parainfluenza virus Associated with a number of viruses Droplets in the air when someone who is sick coughs, sneezes or talks. Hand-to-hand contact with someone who has a cold. Sharing objects with the virus on them, such as dishes, towels, toys or telephones. Touching the eyes, nose or mouth after contact with the virus.

7. RISK FACTORS Age- Infants and young children have a greater risk Weakened immune system. Time of year- more likely to get colds in fall and winter. Smoking Exposure- Being in crowds, such as at school or on an airplane, increases the chance of getting a cold.

8. TYPES : Based on the parts of infection respiratory tract infections Upper respiratory tract infections Common cold Cough Tonsillitis Pharyngitis Laryngitis Sinusitis Hey fever Lower respiratory tract infections Bronchitis Pneumonia Influenza Bronchiectasis

9. MODE OF TRANSMISSION Viruses can last up to 5 hours on the skin and hard surfaces. Most contagious in the first 3 days after symptoms begin. Usually last approximately 7 days Direct contact – sneeze or cough, tiny droplets of fluid containing the cold virus are launched into the air and can be breathed in by others. Indirect contact – sneeze onto a door handle and someone else touches the handle a few minutes later, they may catch the cold virus if they can touch their mouth or nose .

10. pathophysiology Due to etiological factors Causative organism enters into the lungs through nose/mouth Inflammatory process starts The bronchi and bronchioles become plugged with thick, viscid mucus, causing air to be trapped in the lungs. can breathe air in but has difficulty expelling it. This hinders the exchange of gases, and cyanosis appears.

11. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS Primary Symptoms Scratchy or a sore throat Sneezing Stuffy nose Cough Runny Nose Watery eyes Mucus draining from your nose into the throat

12. Secondary Symptoms High fever Muscle aches Fatigue Headache Loss of appetite These symptoms indicate that person have flu rather than a common cold. Chills (in severe cases) Generalized tiredness Red and swollen nasal mucous membranes Watery eyes Nasal secretions (usually clear and watery) Symptoms begins with a feeling of dryness and stuffiness in the nasopharynx (nose) Sore throat Hoarseness Exhaustion (in severe cases) If the pharynx and larynx (throat) becomes involved:

13. Some more symptoms would include – A cough viz. mucus (sputum) from thelungs , which could be rusty or green or tinged with blood Diarrhoea Fever Shaking and “teeth-chattering” chills Fast breathing and shortness of breath Fast heartbeat Chest pain that often feels worse when the person cough or breathe in Vomiting and Nausea Feeling very weak or tired

14. DIAGNOSIS History collection Physical examination Chest X-ray Sputum examination

15. MANAGEMENT Common cold up to 6 common colds per year in adults and 8 common colds per year in children acceptable. There's no cure for the common cold. Most cases of the common cold get better without treatment, usually within a week to 10 days. But a cough may linger for a few more days. . Drink plenty of liquids, humidify the air, use saline nasal rinses and get adequate rest.

16. PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY Antihistamines - Persistent sore throat, without a runny or stuffy nose Shortness of breath Antipyretics- Temperature over 101 degrees for more than 48 hours Antibiotics are ineffective Nasal Strips can be used Cough suppressants - A cough with pain in the chest Decongestants Antibiotics are of no use against cold viruses and shouldn't be used unless there's a bacterial infection.

17. MANAGEMENT Pain relievers -acetaminophen or other mild pain relievers such as ibuprofen Decongestant nasal sprays Adults can use decongestant drops or sprays for up to five days. Prolonged use can cause rebound symptoms. Children younger than 6 years old shouldn't use decongestant drops or sprays. Aerosol sprays (ex. Lysol) Cough and sneeze into arm or tissue, not into hand.

18. PREVENTION 1. Wash hands often – It is probably the best measure to prevent the transfer of a cold or any kind of infection. Use sanitizer while being in any public place and also make it a point to wash hands before eating. Teach the importance of hand-wash to kids also.

19. PREVENTION 2. Avoid touching your face – Try not to touch the face, mouth, nose & eye areas, when someone are near a person infected with a cold. 3. Control stress – People facing emotional stress regularly have a weaker immune system, which implies that they could catch a cold easily. Reduce stress and live a healthy life.

20. PREVENTION 4. Cleanliness – Keep household surfaces like doorknobs, drawer pulls, keyboards, light switches, telephones, remote controls, countertops, and sinks clean. These are the places where viruses lie for hours after they are used by an infected person. 5. Avoid Smoking – Cigarette smoke could raise the chances of susceptibility to colds and other infections. Avoid passive smoking as well.

21. PREVENTION 6. Drink a sufficient amount of water – Drink water, juice, clear broth, warm lemon water, chicken soup, and other warm fluids. These will help you to stay away from cold or flu. 7. Clean and disinfect. Clean and disinfect surfaces that are touched often.

22. PREVENTION 8 . Don't share - Don't share drinking glasses or silverware with other family members. 9.Stay away from people with colds. -Avoid close contact with anyone who has a cold. Stay out of crowds when possible. Try not to touch your eyes, nose and mouth when you're in crowds.

23. Complications Middle ear infection. Asthma Sinusitis. pneumonia or bronchitis. People with asthma or weakened immune systems have an increased risk of these conditions.

24. Nursing diagnosis Ineffective breathing pattern related to the inflammatory process in the respiratory tract. Ineffective airway clearance related to mechanical obstruction of the airway secretions and increased production of secretions. Anxiety related to the disease experienced by the child.

25. Nursing Interventions Place the person in a semi-Fowlers position using pillows to facilitate lung expansion. Encourage increased fluid intake to decrease the viscosity of secretions. Increase the humidity by using cool mist vaporizers to relieve stuffiness of the nose. Administer antibiotics as prescribed after a positive culture result. Steam inhalation Advice the patient to