Nursing Process How nurses done there jobs

NURSING PROCESS PPT

1. NURSING PROCESS Mr. Binu Babu M.Sc. (N) Assistant Professor Mrs. Jincy Binu M.Sc. (N) Lecturer

2. Definition Nursing process is a critical thinking process that professional nurses use to apply the best available evidence to caregiving and promoting human functions and responses to health and illness (American Nurses Association, 2010).

3. Nursing process is a systematic method of providing care to clients. The nursing process is a systematic method of planning and providing individualized nursing care.

4. Purposes of nursing process To identify a client’s health status and actual or potential health care problems or needs. To establish plans to meet the identified needs. To deliver specific nursing interventions to meet those needs.

5. Components of nursing process It involves assessment (data collection), nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation.

6. Nursing process Assessment Nursing diagnosis Planning Implementation Evaluation

7. Characteristics of Nursing Process Cyclic Dynamic nature, Client centeredness Focus on problem solving and decision making Interpersonal and collaborative style Universal applicability Use of critical thinking and clinical reasoning.

8. ASSESSMENT

9. Definition Assessment is the systematic and continuous collection, organization, validation, and documentation of data (information).

10. Types of assessment The four different types of assessments are; Initial nursing assessment Problem- focused assessment Emergency assessment Time- lapsed reassessment

11. Initial nursing assessment : Performed within specified time after admission. To establish a complete database for problem identification. Eg: Nursing admission assessment Problem- focused assessment : To determine the status of a specific problem identified in an earlier assessment. Eg: hourly checking of vital signs of fever patient

12. Emergency assessment: During emergency situation to identify any life threatening situation. Eg: Rapid assessment of an individual’s airway, breathing status, and circulation during a cardiac arrest. Time- lapsed reassessment: Several months after initial assessment. To compare the client’s current health status with the data previously obtained.

13. Collection of data Data collection is the process of gathering information about a client’s health status. It includes the health history, physical examination, results of laboratory and diagnostic tests, and material contributed by other health personnel.

14. Types of Data Two types: subjective data and objective data. 1. Subjective data , also referred to as symptoms or covert data, are clear only to the person affected and can be described only by that person. Itching, pain, and feelings of worry are examples of subjective data.

15. DIAGNOSIS

16. Diagnosis is the second phase of the nursing process. In this phase, nurses use critical thinking skills to interpret assessment data to identify client problems. North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA) define or refine nursing diagnosis.

17. Definition The official NANDA definition of a nursing diagnosis is: “a clinical judgment concerning a human response to health conditions/life processes, or a vulnerability for that response, by an individual, family, group, or community.”

18. Components of a NANDA Nursing Diagnosis A nursing diagnosis has three components: The problem and its definition The etiology The defining characteristics.

19. The problem statement describes the client’s health problem. The etiology component of a nursing diagnosis identifies causes of the health problem. Defining characteristics are the cluster of signs and symptoms that indicate the presence of health problem.

20. Formulating Diagnostic Statements The basic three- part nursing diagnosis statement is called the PES format and includes the following: Problem (P): statement of the client’s health problem (NANDA label) Etiology (E): causes of the health problem Signs and symptoms (S): defining characteristics manifested by the client.

21. Acute pain related to abdominal surgery as evidenced by patient discomfort and pain scale. Problem Etiology Signs and symptoms Pain Surgery of abdomen Pain scale and discomfort of patient

22. Differentiating Nursing Diagnosis from Medical Diagnosis Nursing diagnosis Medical diagnosis A nursing diagnosis is a statement of nursing judgment that made by nurse, by their education, experience, and expertise, are licensed to treat. A medical diagnosis is made by a physician. Nursing diagnoses describe the human response to an illness or a health problem. Medical diagnoses refer to disease processes. Nursing diagnoses may change as the client’s responses change. A client’s medical diagnosis remains the same for as long as the disease is present.

23. PLANNING

24. Planning involves decision making and problem solving. It is the process of formulating client goals and designing the nursing interventions required to prevent, reduce, or eliminate the client’s health problems.

25. TYPES OF PLANNING Initial Planning Ongoing Planning Discharge Planning

26. Initial Planning : Planning which is done after the initial assessment. Ongoing Planning : It is a continuous planning. Discharge Planning : Planning for needs after discharge

27. Planning process Planning includes; Setting priorities Establishing client goals/desired outcomes Selecting nursing interventions and activities Writing individualized nursing interventions on care plans.

28. Setting priorities The nurse begin planning by deciding which nursing diagnosis requires attention first, which second, and so on. Nurses frequently use Maslow’s hierarchy of needs when setting priorities.

29. IMPLEMENTATION

30. Implementation consists of doing and documenting the activities.

31. The process of implementation includes; Implementing the nursing interventions Documenting nursing activities

32. EVALUATION

33. Evaluation is a planned, ongoing, purposeful activity in which the nurse determines the client’s progress toward achievement of goals/outcomes and the effectiveness of the nursing care plan.

34. The evaluation includes; Comparing the data with desired outcomes Continuing, modifying, or terminating the nursing care plan.