nursing theories from the first nursing theory

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1. PRESENTATION NURSING THEORIES

2. 1 2 3 4 GROUP MEMBERS EYAS, LOVEYZEL P. ENRIQUEZ, LOUIESA B. FRESNILLO, KEE SHI A. DONA, ANGEL B.

3. 5 6 7 8 GROUP MEMBERS GIGANTO, ALIEGHYA B. DELOS SANTOS, AIZY MAE V. ENTRODUCION, KEZIAH JANA MYKKA S. COSTELO, MARY CHRISTIAN MONA M.

4. Virginia Henderson was born on November 30, 1897 in Kansas City, Missouri , and was the fifth of eight children in her family. In 1921, Henderson graduated from the Army School of Nursing at Walter Reed Hospital in Washington, D.C. In 1932 , she earned her Bachelor’s Degree and in 1934 earned her Master’s Degree in Nursing Education, both from Teachers College at Columbia University. Henderson died on March 19, 1996 . HENDERSON’S NEED THEORY

5. INTRODUCTION It is a nursing theory developed by Virginia Henderson, a pioneering nurse theorist and also known as "the first lady of nursing" and has been called, "arguably the most famous nurse of the 20th century". The theory focuses on the importance of increasing the patient’s independence to accelerate their progress in the hospital. Henderson’s model emphasizes the nurse’s role in assisting individuals with essential activities that contribute to health, recovery, or a peaceful death.

6. 1. Eating and drinking 2. Eliminate body wastes 3. Body posture 4. Mobility 5. Day and night pattern 6. Getting dressed and undressed 7. Body temperature 8. Hygiene 9. Avoidance of danger 10. Communication 11. Contact with others 12. Sense of rule and values 13. Daily activities 14. Recreational activities 14 BASIC NEEDS

7. A PATIENT IS RECOVERING FROM SURGERY AND HAS LIMITED MOBILITY. EXAMPLE BY ADDRESSING THESE NEEDS, THE NURSE HELPS THE PATIENT GAIN INDEPENDENCE IN ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING, IMPROVING THEIR OVERALL RECOVERY AND SATISFACTION WITH CARE. THE NURSE ASSESSES THE PATIENT’S ABILITY TO BREATHE, EAT, MOVE, AND COMMUNICATE, ALONG WITH OTHER NEEDS OUTLINED IN HENDERSON’S MODEL.

8. PENDER’S HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL THEORY Nola J. Pender , born in 1941, is a nursing theorist known for creating the Health Promotion Model in 1982. Additionally, she serves as a writer and a retired professor of nursing at the University of Michigan. She began researching health-promoting behavior in the mid-1970s and introduced the Health Promotion Model in 1982 . Her model for promoting health outlines preventive measures and highlights the crucial role of nurses in assisting patients to prevent illness through self-care and innovative approaches. Pender has been recognized as a Living Legend by the American Academy of Nursing.

9. Pender's Health Promotion Model serves as a structure to comprehend and encourage positive health behaviors . It indicates that people play a role in managing their own health and their actions are impacted by a variety of factors . The model highlights that people actively control their behavior , engage with their surroundings, and changing behavior requires self-initiated adjustments to person-environment interactions. INTRODUCTION

10. The model consists of three main components: 1. Individual Characteristics and Experiences: Prior related behaviors, Personal factors, Biological factors, Psychological factors, Socio-cultural. 2. Behavior-Specific Cognitions and Affect: Perceived benefits, Perceived barriers, Perceived self-efficacy, Activity-related affect, Interpersonal influences, Situational influences. 3. Behavioral Outcome: Commitment to action plan and Health-promoting behavior. PENDER’S HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL

11. PENDER’S HEALTH PROMOTION MODEL

12. IMPORTANCE IN NURSING PROFESSION Nurses find Pender's Health Promotion Model crucial for understanding factors influencing individuals' health choices. Nurses can provide personalized care by considering patients' diversities and adjusting interventions to meet each person's specific needs effectively. Nurses can help patients acquire healthy habits, master skills, and discover motivation for positive lifestyle changes using the model. Working with communities to create health-promoting environments and considering factors that influence health behaviors can help prevent illness and promote well-being.

13. SMOKING CESSATION PROGRAM: USING PENDER'S MODEL, A NURSE TAILORS A PROGRAM TO HELP A PATIENT QUIT SMOKING BY ADDRESSING THEIR PERCEIVED BENEFITS OF QUITTING, BARRIERS, AND SELF-EFFICACY. NG FROM SURGERY AND HAS LIMITED MOBILITY. EXAMPLE DIABETES SELF- MANAGE EDUCATION: A NURSE DESIGNS A DIABETES EDUCATION PROGRAM BASED ON PENDER'S MODEL, ADDRESSING PATIENTS' PRIOR BEHAVIORS, BARRIERS TO SELF-MANAGEMENT, AND EMOTIONAL RESPONSES TO PROMOTE EFFECTIVE SELF-CARE. WEIGHT Management Intervention : Applying Pender's model, a healthcare professional creates a personalized weight management plan by considering personal factors, benefits of weight loss, and interpersonal influences.

14. • Madeleine Leininger born on July 13, 1925, is a well-known educator, writer, theorist, administrator, researcher, consultant, public speaker. LEININGER'S THEORY OF CULTURE CARE DIVERSITY AND UNIVERSALITY • She graduated from St. Anthony's Hospital School of Nursing in 1945 and then attended Mount St. Scholastica College and Creighton University to obtain her undergraduate degrees. • Leininger worked at the University of Utah College Nursing from 1974 to 1980 as the dean, a professor of nursing, an adjunct professor of anthropology, and the director of the doctoral and transcultural nursing programs as well as the Center for Nursing Research.

15. INTRODUCTION • Transcultural nursing theory, also known as culture care theory • It focuses on providing meaningful and effective nursing care services to people's cultural values and health-illness setting by learning about and comprehending various cultures' nursing and health-illness caring practices, beliefs, and values. • It emphasizes how diverse cultural norms, values, and behavioral patterns related to health and illness affect how people care for one another

16. THE IMPORTANCE OF TRANSCULTURAL THEORY IN NURSING PROFESSION Help the nurses develop an understanding of and success with treating different popuations Understanding a patient’s culture allows the nurse to guide treatment while respecting that patient’s traditions and worldview Establishing a sense of trust with diverse communities is imperative to successfully treating these patients. Nurses who practice transcultural care bridge modern care with the patient’s heritage, striving to comprehend the patient’s attitudes and concerns for the health condition presented.

17. SOME JEWISH AND ISLAMIC WOMEN BELIEVE THAT MODESTY REQUIRES COVERING THEIR HEAD, ARMS, AND LEGS WITH CLOTHING EXAMPLE PEOPLE THAT DON'T TRUST MODERN MEDICINE AND WOULD RATHER RELY ON UNLICENSE PRACTITIONERS OR QUACK DOCTORS COMMUNICATION BARRIERS

18. 1 2 3 CULTURE OF THE INDIVIDUAL THREE THINGS TO DEEPLY UNDERSTAND THE TRANSCULTURAL THEORY CULTURE OF THE NURSE CULTURE OF THE ENVIRONMENT

19. Margaret A. Newman (October 10, 1933) was a pioneering nurse theorist known for her significant contributions to nursing education and research. She earned her Bachelor's degree in 1962 from the University of Tennessee and her Master's in 1964 from the University of California. Newman completed her doctorate at New York University in 1971 and taught there until 1977 before becoming the professor-in-charge of graduate studies in nursing at Penn State University. In 1984, she joined the University of Minnesota as a nurse theorist, retiring in 1996. NEWMAN'S THEORY OF HEALTH AS EXPANDING CONSCIOUSNESS

20. INTRODUCTION Margaret Newman's Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness redefines health beyond the absence of disease. It views health as a dynamic journey of personal growth and transformation, even amidst illness. The theory highlights that every experience contributes to a deeper self-awareness and understanding of our surroundings, encouraging us to see health as an evolving process where adversity leads to greater awareness and meaning.

21. Importance in Nursing profession man's Theory of Health as Expanding Consciousness views health as personal growth, even in illness. It encourages nurses to provide holistic care, focusing on all aspects of a patient's well-being. This approach empowers patients, strengthens nurse-patient relationships, and aligns with nursing values, leading to more meaningful care and professional satisfaction.

22. HOLISTIC CARE: A NURSE TREATS THE PATIENT'S MIND, BODY, AND SPIRIT, NOT JUST THEIR SYMPTOMS. EXAMPLE ENHANCED RELATIONSHIPS: A NURSE BUILDS TRUST BY DEEPLY UNDERSTANDING A PATIENT'S LIFE EXPERIENCES. PATIENT EMPOWERMENT: A NURSE HELPS A PATIENT WITH CHRONIC ILLNESS FIND PERSONAL GROWTH AND TAKE CONTROL OF THEIR HEALTH.

23. Rosemarie Rizzo Parse, a prominent nursing scholar, earned her degrees from Duquesne University and the University of Pittsburgh. She served as a faculty member at the University of Pittsburgh and was a Dean of Duquesne University School of Nursing. Parse was a professor at CUNY Hunter College and Loyola University Chicago before becoming a consultant and visiting scholar at NYU College of Nursing in 2007. She founded and edits *Nursing Science Quarterly* and leads Discovery International, Inc. Parse has published nine books and over 100 articles, receiving several awards including the New York Times Nurse Educator of the Year Award in 2008 THE HUMAN BECOMING THEORY

24. The theory offers a new way to understand people and nursing. It suggests that people can shape their own lives and find personal meaning. Nursing should help people grow and discover their own paths, rather than setting goals for them. Key Points: Human Experience: People interact with the world in a rhythmic way, make their own choices, and are responsible for their actions. They are always changing and growing. Becoming: This is about ongoing personal growth and transformation. It means prioritizing values, finding meaning, and evolving through experiences. Core Ideas: Meaning: People create their own purpose through their experiences. Rhythmicity: People and their surroundings develop patterns of interaction together. Transcendence: People continuously grow and push beyond their current limits. INTRODUCTION

25. IMPORTANCE IN NURSING PROFESSION THE THEORY HELPS NURSES DEVELOP BETTER RELATIONSHIPS WITH PATIENTS BY FOCUSING ON THE WHOLE PERSON RATHER THAN JUST SOLVING SPECIFIC PROBLEMS. THE HUMAN BECOMING THEORY OF NURSING EMPHASIZES IMPROVING THE PATIENT’S OVERALL QUALITY OF LIFE AND SEES THEM AS A COMPLETE INDIVIDUAL, NOT JUST A SET OF ISSUES. THIS APPROACH SETS IT APART FROM MANY OTHER NURSING THEORIES AND ALIGNS WITH THE REASON MANY NURSES ENTER THE PROFESSION—TO TRULY HELP PEOPLE.

26. EXAMPLES Revealing-Concealing: a pregnant youth reveals her secret to her parents, yet waits until she is showing before she does so. Enabling-Limiting: A patient chooses to refuse a treatment. He limits his medical options yet enables his free will and autonomy. Connecting-Separating: A young girl makes the decision to give her newborn son up for adoption. She chooses to separate from him, hoping he will connect with others for a better future.

27. Margaret Jean Watson, is a living legend and theorist. She was born in West Virginia in the 1940's and received most of her higher education in colorado. *1958-61 R.N. Diploma in Nursing Lewis Gale School of Nursing *1962-64 B.S. In Nursing University of Colorado *1964-66 M.S in Psychiatric Mental- Health Nursing; Minor Psychology University Colorado *1969-70 Graduate Work: Social and Clinical Psychology University of Colorado *1969-73 Ph.D. in Educational Psychology and Counseling University in Colorado MARGARET JEAN WATSON

28. An american nurse theorist and nursing professor who is well known to her “Philosophy and theory of ”transpersonal caring” and “ caring science”. Her study on caring has been integrated into education and patient care to various nursing schools and healthcare facilities all over the world. MARGARET JEAN WATSON

29. CONCEPT OF NURSING Nursing involves the application of art and human and human science through transpersonal transactions in order to help the person achieve mind, body and soul harmony.

30. 7 ASSUMPTION OF THE CARING SCIENCE: Caring can be effective demonstrated and practice only interpersonal Caring consist of carative factors that result in the satisfaction of certain human needs. Effective caring promotes health an individual or family growth Caring responses accept a person not only as he or she is now but as what he or she may become. A caring environment is one that offers the development of potential while allowing the person to choose the best action for himself at a given point in time. A science of caring is therefore complementary to the science of curing. The practice of caring is central to nursing.

31. MAJOR ELEMENTS OF CARING THEORY: 1 . Transpersonal Caring Relationship how the nurse goes beyond an objective assessment, showing concerns toward the person’s subjective and deeper meaning regarding their own health situation. 2 . Caring Occasion/Moment Moment when the nurse and another person come together in such a way that an occasion for human caring is created. 3. Carative Factors

32. TEN CARATIVE FACTORS: Guide for the core of nursing , need to be addressed by nurses with their patients when in caring role Carative term to contrast with curative It honors the human dimensions of nursing work and the inner life world and subjective experiences of patients

33. -Watson offered a translation of the original carative factors into clinical caritas processes that suggested ways to apply the 10 carative factors

34. CARATIVE FACTORS CARITAS PROCESS “ The formation of humanistic- altruistic system of values” “Practice of loving-kindness and equinimity within the context of caring consciousness 2. “The installation of Faith-Hope” “Being authentically present and enabling and sustaining the deep belief system and subjective life-world of self and one being cared for” 3. “The cultivation of sensitivity to one’s self and to others” “Cultivation of one’s own spiritual practices and transpersonal self-going beyond the ego-self”

35. CARATIVE FACTORS CARITAS PROCESS 4. “Development of a helping-trust relationship” became “ development of a helping-trusting, human caring relation” “Developing and sustaining a helping trusting authentic caring relationship ” 5. “ The promotion and acceptance of the expression of positive and negative feelings” “Being present to, and supportive of, the expression of positive and negative feelings as a connection with deeper spirit and self and the one being-cared for”

36. CARATIVE FACTORS CARITAS PROCESS 6. “The systematic use of the scientific problem- solving method for decision” became “ systematic use of a creative problem solving caring process” (in 2004 watson website) “Creative use of self and all ways of knowing as part of the caring process; to engage in the artistry of caring-healing process. ” 7. “The promotion of transpersonal teaching-learning” “Engaging in genuine teaching-learning experience that attends to unity of being and meaning, attempting to stay within other’s frame of reference”

37. CARATIVE FACTORS CARITAS PROCESS 8. “The provision of supportive, protective, and (or) corrective mental, physical,societal, and spiritual environment” “Creating healing environment at all levels (physical as well as nonphysical, subtle environment of energy and consciousness, whereby wholeness, beauty,comfort,dignity, and peace are potentiated” 9. “The assistance with gratification of human needs” “ Assisting with basic needs , with an intentional caring consciousness, administering ‘human care essentials’, which potentiate alignment of mind body spirit, wholeness, and unity of being in all aspects of care”

38. CARATIVE FACTORS CARITAS PROCESS 10. “ The allowance for existential- phenomenological forces” became “ allowance for existential- phenomenological spiritual forces” “ Opening and attending to spiritual- mysterious and existential dimensions of one’s own life-death ; soul care for self and the one-being-cared for”

39. EXAMPLE: Scenario: A postpartum women experiencing multiple emotions

40. ORLANDO’S NURSING PROCESS Ida Jean Orlando, the esteemed nurse theorist, held a nursing diploma from the New York Medical College and Hospital School of Nursing and earned a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) from St. John's University in New York. Her academic accomplishments include a Master of Arts in Mental Health Consultation from Teachers College, Columbia University. Orlando's diverse professional experience encompassed roles in psychiatric nursing, public health nursing, research, as well as positions as a staff nurse, supervisor, and director of nursing services. In 1961, Orlando published her groundbreaking work, "The Dynamic Nurse-Patient Relationship: Function, Process, and Principles," which introduced her influential theory of the nursing process. Her theory, emphasizing the nurse's perception of the patient's behavior and needs, has significantly impacted nursing practice, education, and research. Orlando's enduring legacy as a visionary in nursing is marked by her advocacy for patient-centered care, therapeutic communication, and the holistic well-being of individuals in healthcare settings.

41. Orlando's Nursing Process, developed by Ida Jean Orlando, is a patient-centered framework emphasizing the dynamic interaction between the nurse and patient.Orlando's theory emphasizes the nurse's perception of the patient's behavior and needs, guiding individualized care and therapeutic communication. This approach enhances the nurse-patient relationship and improves patient outcomes across diverse healthcare settings. Orlando's Nursing Process is a significant contribution to nursing practice, highlighting the importance of holistic care delivery and personalized interventions to meet patient needs effectively.aculty member at the University of Pittsburgh and was a Dean of Duquesne University School of Nursing. INTRODUCTION

42. NURSING PROCESS THEORY the nursing process is an interaction of three basic elements. 1. The behavior of the patient 2. The reaction of the nurse 3. The nursing actions which are designed for the patient’s benefit. The role of the nurse is to find out and meet the patient’s immediate need for help. Nursing process helps the nurse find out the nature of the distress and what helps the patient. The use of this theory keeps the nurse’s focus on the patient. The strength of the theory is that it is clear, concise and easy to use.

43. Borcelle Company Theory in View of Metaparadigms

44. 5 Stages of the Deliberative Nursing Process Ida Jean Orlando described her model as revolving around the following 5 Stages of the Deliberative Nursing Process Assesment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation and Evaluation ( ADPIE )

45. NURSING PROCESS

46. EXAMPLE: Scenario: A patient admitted to the hospital is exhibiting signs of distress and anxiety.

47. Assessment: The nurse observes the patient's behavior, noting signs of restlessness, increased heart rate, and difficulty communicating. Diagnosis: The nurse identifies the nursing diagnosis as "Anxiety related to hospitalization and unfamiliar environment." Planning: The nurse formulates a care plan to address the patient's anxiety, including interventions such as therapeutic communication, relaxation techniques, and emotional support. Implementation: The nurse implements the care plan by providing a calm and reassuring presence, engaging in therapeutic communication to address the patient's concerns, and teaching relaxation techniques. Evaluation: The nurse evaluates the effectiveness of the interventions by assessing the patient's level of anxiety and monitoring changes in behavior. Adjustments to the plan are made as needed to ensure the patient's emotional well-being is addressed effectively.

48. The guarantee that patients will be treated as individuals is very much applied in Orlando’s theory of the Deliberative Nursing Process. Each patient will have an active and constant input into their own care.The assertion of nursing’s independence as a profession and her belief that this independence must be based on a sound theoretical framework. The model also guides the nurse to evaluate her care in terms of objectively observable patient outcomes. STRENGTHS The lack of operational definitions of society or environment was evident, limiting the development of the research hypothesis. Orlando’s work focuses on short-term care, particularly aware and conscious individuals, and the virtual absence of reference groups or family members. WEAKNESS

49. Compared to other nursing theories, which are task-oriented, Orlando gave a clear-cut approach to patient-oriented nursing theory. It uplifts the integrity of individualized nursing care. This strengthens the role of the nurse as an independent nurse advocate for the patient. The nurse-patient interaction’s dynamic concept was justified since the patient’s participation in the relationship was sought. The whole process is in constant revision through continuous validation of the nurse’s findings with that of the patient. Because the nurse has to explore her reactions with the patient constantly, it prevents inaccurate diagnosis or ineffective plans. Since the model is applied to an immediate situation, its applicability to a long-term care plan is not feasible. The concept of interaction also limits it to individuals capable of conversing, a shared limitation with other nurse-client dynamic theories – this theory does not cover unconscious patients. ANALYSIS

50. Orlando's Nursing Process is significant in the nursing profession as it prioritizes the nurse-patient relationship, communication, critical thinking, prompt needs assessment, and personalized care planning. It promotes patient-centered care, enhances therapeutic communication, develops critical thinking skills, ensures timely intervention, and fosters individualized care plans, ultimately contributing to compassionate and effective nursing practice. IMPORTANCE IN NURSING PROFESSION

51. Orlando's Nursing Process is a valuable framework that enhances nursing practice by focusing on the dynamic interaction between nurses and patients. Understanding and implementing Orlando's theory can lead to improved patient satisfaction, better health outcomes, and a stronger nurse-patient relationship in healthcare settings.ce. CONCLUSION