NUTRITION AND NUTRIENTS

NUTRITION AND NUTRIENTS BASIC INFORMATION

1. NUTRITION AND NUTRIENTS

2. NUTRITION – is the study of food and health, it is the science that centers in foods, their nutrient and other chemical constituent, and the effects of food on body processes and health. NUTRIENTS - chemical substances that found in the food that are used by the body for growth and health. The six categories of nutrients are carbohydrates, protein, fats vitamins, mineral and water.

3. FOOD It is the basic needs of human. Human need enough food to live and the right assortments of food for optimal health. The need for food is combined with the condition of food security. FOOD SECURITY - People who experience food security, have access at all times to a sufficient supply of safe, nutritious food needed for an active and healthy life. FOOD INSECURITY- exist whenever the availability of safe, nutritious food, or the ability to acquire them in socially acceptable ways, is limited or uncertain. Food insecurity leads to poor health, increased risk for certain diseases, and in children lowered academic achievements.

4. GOOD NUTRITION DIETARY GUIDELINES EAT VARIETY OF FOODS. - Include the selections of fruits, vegetables, milk cheese, yogurt, meats, poultry, fish, eggs, and legumes. Whole grain, cereals. 2. MAINTAIN IDEAL WEIGHT. - to improve eating habits: eat slowly, prepare smaller portion; avoid seconds - to loose weight; increase physical activity, eat less fat and fewer fatty foods, eat less sugar, avoid too much alcohol. 3. AVOID TOO MUCH FAT,SATURATED FAT AND CHOLESTEROL. - choose lean meat, fish, poultry, dry bean as your protein sources. - moderate your use of eggs, and organ meats (such as liver) - limit your intake of butter, cream, margarine, coconut oil and food made from such products. 4. EAT FOOD WITH ADEQUATE STARCH AND FIBERS. -substitute starches for fat and sugar, select foods that are good sources of fiber and starch, such as whole-grain bread and cereals, fruits and vegetables. 5. AVOID TOO MUCH SUGAR. - use less of all sugars such as brown ,white sugar, raw sugar, honey, syrups - eat fewer foods containing these sugars. 6. AVOID TOO MUCH SODIUM 7. IF YOU DRINK ALCOHOL,DO SO IN MODERATION .

5. Six Categories of Nutrients

6. PROTEIN – are substance in food made up of amino acid. Amino acid are specific chemical substances from which proteins are made. It also builds and maintain the body. The texture of your hair and nails and the structure of your muscles, depend on protein. High quality proteins , animal foods such as milk eggs meat and fish. Low-quality protein, plant foods such as beans, peas, cereal grains.

7. CARBOHYDRATES comes from plant foods. They provide body with energy. Simple sugar are most basic type of carbohydrates.

8. FATS Saturated fats are found primarily in animal product such as meat, butter, cheese. Unsaturated fats plant products such as vegetable oil, nut, seed.

9. VITAMINS are needed to promote growth and other body activities. are chemical substances found in food that perform specific function in the body. Human require 13 vitamins in their diet.

10. MINERALS are needed (1) formation of bones and teeth (2) for growth of body cells, especially blood cells. (3) for the essential components in various body fluids.

11. WATER you can live without food for a week, but without water you would die within days. Water helps remove waste products through kidneys, it also cools the body as you perspire as it evaporate from the lungs.

12. NUTRITIONALLY BALANCE DIET A “well-balanced” diet means one that contains all the key nutrient and enough calories for daily activities. A FOOD GUIDE PYRAMID is a pyramid shape guide of healthy foods divided into section to show the recommended intake for each food group

13. My Plate symbol is designed to help people make smart food choices, the plate graphic w/ its different food group.

14. IS BREAKFAST IMPORTANT? A poor or skipped breakfast can impair mental and physical performance. This is why breakfast is called the most important meal of the day. WHAT ABOUT FAST FOOD AND SNACKS? Fast food are low in calcium, iron and vitamins and fiber . They are high in calories, sugar salt and fat. IS A VEGETARIAN DIET HEALTHFUL? These diets are not harmful and can even benefit health. It reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease and obesity due to there lower fats and cholesterol content and higher fiber content.

15. WEIGHT CONTROL The Human body has always been admired for it symmetry and beauty. But the image of the ideal physique has varied throughout history and culture. Good nutrition and a fitness program are the keys to a healthful, more attractive self-image.. OBESITY - being overweight, over fat (obese) - the more obese a person, is the more common health problems related to obesity become. - it increases the risk of both heart disease and stroke. - it increases the risk of diabetes, kidney, gallbladder, joint diseases, and posture problem.

16. WHAT CAUSES OBESITY? Simply stated, obesity result when the intake of calories exceeds caloric expenditure. - diet - physical activity - environmental exposures - genetic background

17. Anorexia An eating disorder characterized by extreme weight loss, poor body image, and irrational fears of weight gain and obesity. Starves the body, muscle tissues waste away. The skin dries and yellow and the hair thins and falls out . Blood pressure drops. Menstruation ceases, and weight drops drastically.

18. BULIMIA An eating disorder characterized by recurrent episode of rapid uncontrolled eating of large amounts of food in a short period of time. Episode of binge eating are often followed by purging.

19. MALNUTRITION - means “poor” nutrition and result from both inadequate and excessive availability of calories and nutrients in the body. - malnutrition early in life has long-term effects on mental and physical development. - underweight children are an indicator of malnutrition . - poverty, corrupt government, the HIV/AIDS epidemic, low rates of breastfeeding, unsafe water supply, discrimination against females all contribute to malnutrition.

20. Marasmus - malnutrition caused by a lack of calories and protein - children with marasmus look like “skin and bones”, they don’t get enough calories and protein in their diet.

21. KWASHIORKOR - malnutrition resulting from inadequate protein intake in children. - this children has the characteristic of “moon face”(edema), swollen belly, and patchy dermatitis. - they not look starved because of the massive swelling.

22. CONSUMER ISSUES IN NUTRITION Because of food technology more than half of our diet now consist of processed foods . We hardly think of some of the foods we consume today as being processed. - most milk for instance is first pasteurized to destroy the bacteria in it. What are Food Additives? - additives are any substance that added to foods. - some additive creep into a foods indirectly when they are processed, packaged or stored. - additives also help maintain food freshness and safety. -preservatives reduced food spoilage caused by bacteria or molds.

23. Some additives once thought safe were later found cause cancer to animals. The artificial color Red dye no.2 an cyclamate were withdrawn from foods for this reason. Sodium Nitrate and Sodium Nitrite are controversial preservatives today. They are added to hot dogs, bacon, ham, lunch meat, smoked fish. They give many processed meats their red color , they also prevent the growth of a bacteria that causes deadly form of food poisoning. Research has found that in lab animals nitrates and nitrites combine with other compounds in the body to form cancer-causing substances.