Nutrition-in-Animals.ppt /7th class/ science/ samyans academy

Nutrition in Animals

Nutrition is the process by which animals obtain and utilize food to maintain their bodily functions, growth, and development.


Types of Nutrition in Animals:

1. Holozoic Nutrition: Animals that obtain nutrients by consuming other organisms or plants (e.g., humans, cows).
2. Saprotrophic Nutrition: Animals that obtain nutrients by breaking down dead organic matter (e.g., vultures).
3. Parasitic Nutrition: Animals that obtain nutrients by living on or inside another organism (e.g., tapeworms).


Steps of Nutrition in Animals:

1. Ingestion: Taking in food through the mouth.
2. Digestion: Breaking down food into simpler substances in the digestive system.
3. Absorption: Transfer of nutrients into the bloodstream.
4. Assimilation: Utilization of nutrients by the body cells.
5. Egestion: Elimination of waste products.


Importance of Nutrition in Animals:

1. Energy production
2. Growth and development
3. Maintenance of bodily functions
4. Repair and replacement of damaged cells
5. Immune system function


Key Organs Involved in Animal Nutrition:

1. Mouth
2. Esophagus
3. Stomach
4. Small intestine
5. Large intestine
6. Liver
7. Pancreas


Dietary Components:

1. Carbohydrates
2. Proteins
3. Fats
4. Vitamins
5. Minerals
6. Water


Understanding animal nutrition helps us appreciate the complex processes that sustain life and maintain overall health.


Key Questions:

1. What is nutrition?
2. What are the types of nutrition in animals?
3. What are the steps of nutrition in animals?
4. Why is nutrition important in animals?

1. Nutrition in
Animals
Animals get food from plants or other animals. They require nutrients for
growth and body functions. Animal nutrition involves nutrient requirements,
food intake, and utilization in the body.
by sandeep swamy

2. Components of Food
Carbohydrates
Provide energy for the body
Proteins
Help in growth and repair of tissues
Fats
Store energy and insulate the body
Vitamins and Minerals
Regulate body processes and boost immunity

3. Digestion of Food
Complex Food
Food in its original form, such as a
hamburger, french fries, and a
milkshake.
Digestion
Breakdown of complex substances
into simpler ones, like the stomach
breaking down food.
Simple Substances
Nutrients that can be absorbed by the
body, such as vitamins and minerals.

4. Modes of Taking Food
1Sucking
Bees and hummingbirds suck nectar from flowers
2Swallowing
Snakes swallow their prey whole
3Filter Feeding
Some aquatic animals filter tiny food particles from
water
4Chewing
Many animals chew their food to break it down

5. Unique Feeding Methods
Starfish have a unique feeding method. They open shellfish, push out their stomach through their mouth, and digest the
soft animal inside the shell.

6. Human Digestive System Overview
1
Mouth
Food enters and is chewed
2
Esophagus
Food travels to the stomach
3
Stomach
Food is partially digested
4
Small Intestine
Most digestion and absorption occurs
5
Large Intestine
Water is absorbed from undigested food

7. The Mouth and Teeth
Types of Teeth
Incisors for cutting
Canines for tearing
Premolars and Molars for
grinding
Milk Teeth
First set of teeth in infants. Fall off
between ages 6-8.
Permanent Teeth
Second set of teeth that replace
milk teeth. Can last a lifetime.

8. Saliva and Digestion
Saliva contains enzymes that begin breaking down starch into sugars. This
starts the digestion process in the mouth.

9. The Tongue and Taste
Sweet
Detected on the tip of the tongue
Salty
Detected on the front sides of the tongue
Sour
Detected on the back sides of the tongue
Bitter
Detected at the back of the tongue

10. Tooth Decay
Bacteria in the Mouth
Bacteria in the mouth break down sugars.
Acid Damage
This produces acids that damage teeth.
Regular brushing and flossing can prevent tooth decay.

11. The Esophagus
The esophagus is a muscular tube that moves food from the mouth to the
stomach through wave-like contractions.

12. The Stomach
1
Shape
J-shaped, muscular bag
2Function
Mixes food with gastric juices
3Secretions
Hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes
4
Protection
Mucus lining prevents self-digestion

13. The Small Intestine
Structure
Long, coiled tube about 7.5 meters
long
Function
Main site of digestion and nutrient
absorption
Villi
Finger-like projections that increase
surface area for absorption

14. The Liver and Pancreas
Organ Location Function
Liver Upper right
abdomen
Produces bile for fat
digestion
Pancreas Below stomach Secretes enzymes
for digestion

15. The Large Intestine
The large intestine absorbs water and salts from undigested food. It forms
and stores feces until elimination.

16. Digestion in Ruminants
1
Ingestion
Grass is swallowed quickly
2
Storage
Food is stored in the rumen
3
Regurgitation
Food is brought back to the mouth
4
Rechewing
Food is chewed thoroughly
5
Reswallowing
Food returns to the stomach for digestion

17. Cellulose Digestion
Ruminants have special bacteria in their rumen that help digest cellulose.
Humans cannot digest cellulose.

18. Feeding in Amoeba
1
Pseudopodia
Amoeba extends false feet
2
Engulfing
Food particle is surrounded
3
Food Vacuole
Food is enclosed in a vacuole
4
Digestion
Enzymes break down food
5
Absorption
Nutrients are absorbed into cytoplasm

19. Nutrition and Energy
The basic process of digestion and energy release is similar in all animals.
Glucose is broken down in cells to release energy.

20. Vitamins and Minerals
Importance
Essential for various bodily functions
Sources
Fruits, vegetables, and other foods
Deficiency
Can lead to health problems
Balance
A varied diet ensures adequate intake

21. Digestive Health
Proper nutrition, regular exercise, and good hygiene contribute to digestive
health. Consult a doctor or dietician for personalized advice.