Nutrition in Fungi

Fungi get their nutrition by absorbing organic compounds from the environment. Fungi are heterotrophic: they rely solely on carbon obtained from other organisms for their metabolism and nutrition. Fungi have evolved in a way that allows many of them to use a large variety of organic substrates for growth, including simple compounds such as nitrate, ammonia, acetate, or ethanol. Their mode of nutrition defines the role of fungi in their environment.
Fungi obtain nutrients in three different ways:
They decompose dead organic matter. A saprotroph is an organism that obtains its nutrients from non-living organic matter, usually dead and decaying plant or animal matter, by absorbing soluble organic compounds. Saprotrophic fungi play very important roles as recyclers in ecosystem energy flow and biogeochemical cycles. Saprophytic fungi, such as shiitake (Lentinula edodes) and oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus), decompose dead plant and animal tissue by releasing enzymes from hyphal tips. In this way, they recycle organic materials back into the surrounding environment. Because of these abilities, fungi are the primary decomposers in forests.
They feed on living hosts. As parasites, fungi live in or on other organisms and get their nutrients from their host. Parasitic fungi use enzymes to break down living tissue, which may cause illness in the host. Disease-causing fungi are parasitic. Recall that parasitism is a type of symbiotic relationship between organisms of different species in which one, the parasite, benefits from a close association with the other, the host, which is harmed.
They live mutualistically with other organisms. Mutualistic fungi live harmlessly with other living organisms. Recall that mutualism is an interaction between individuals of two different species, in which both individuals benefit.

1. NUTRITION IN FUNGI Guided by, Shryli K S Dr N S Devaki 1 st sem Dept. of Molecular Biology 28-09-2017

2. Content Introduction Nutrition Modes of Nutrition * Saprophytic * Parasitic * Symbiontic *Predacious Enzyme used Energy sources Conclusion References Acknowledgement 2 NUTRITION IN FUNGI

3. INTRODUCTION 3 NUTRITION IN FUNGI

4. WHAT IS NUTRITION? 4 NUTRITION IN FUNGI

5. MODES OF NUTRITION IN FUNGI Saprophytic Parasitic Symbiontic Predacious 5 NUTRITION IN FUNGI

6. SAPROPHYTIC MODE OF NUTRITION Sapro - Rotten The heterotrophic fungi which feed on the dead and decaying organic substances such as decaying plants and animal carcases . Fig 1: Saprophytic Fungi 6 NUTRITION IN FUNGI

7. Examples: Fig 2: Mucor mucedo Fig 4: Blastocladiella Fig 3: Rhizopus 7 NUTRITION IN FUNGI

8. PARASITIC MODE OF NUTRITON  These are the ones who live on other living organisms and absorb nutrients from their host. Fig 5: Parasitic Fungi Ophiocordyceps unilateralis 8 NUTRITION IN FUNGI

9. Examples: Fig 6: Podosphaera fuliginea  causing damage in cucumber Fig 7:   Puccinia graminis causing wheat rust Fig 8: Cryphonectria parasitica causing chesnut blight 9 NUTRITION IN FUNGI

10. SYMBIONTIC MODE OF NUTRITION The fungi that live in association with other organisms for mutual benefits. 10 NUTRITION IN FUNGI

11. Examples: Fig 9: Mycorrhiza growing inside a root Fig 10 : Lichens Fig 11: Symbiontic relationship betwwen ant and fungi 11 NUTRITION IN FUNGI

12. PREDACIOUS MODE OF NUTRITION There are many animal trapping fungi which have developed ingenious mechanisms for capturing small animals such as eellworms , rotifers or protozoa which they use for food.  Fig12 : Parasitic Fungi on grasshopper 12 NUTRITION IN FUNGI

13. Examples: Fig13 : Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) Fig14 : Arthrobotrys Fig15 : Dactylella 13 NUTRITION IN FUNGI

14. ENZYME USED FOR PROCURING NUTRITION CELLULASE 14 NUTRITION IN FUNGI

15. ENERGY SOURCES OF FUNGI NUTRITION IN FUNGI 15

16. CONCLUSION 16 NUTRITION IN FUNGI

17. REFERENCES *A C Dutta , 1994, Botany for Degree Students, Oxford University Press, YMCA Library building, Jai Singh Road, New Delhi 110001, 708pg * Modern Mycology, J W Deacom,Blackwell Science Ltd, 54 university street, Victoria Australia. 302 pg * http://www.survivallandusa.com/Parasitic-Fungi.html * http://www.easybiologyclass.com/nutrition-in-fungi/ * http://basicbiology.net/micro/microorganisms/fungi/ * https://phys.org/news/2011-03-parasitic-fungi-ants-zombies.html * https://www.ck12.org/book/CK-12-Biology-Concepts/section/8.14/ * https://giphy.com/search/fungi 17 NUTRITION IN FUNGI

18. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I thank the department of Molecular Biology for giving me an opportunity to present my seminar. I would also like to thank my guide Dr N S Devaki Ma’am for her valuable guidance and support. Thank you all. 18 NUTRITION IN FUNGI