Nutrition in plants (1).pptx

NUTRITION IN PLANTS

1. DAV INSTITUTIONS ODISHA ZONE- 1 SUBJECT – SCIENCE, CLASS-VII NAME OF THE TOPIC – NUTRUTION IN LIVING ORGANISMS - PLANTS Prepared By: Banhimayee Biswal EMIL DAV PUBLIC SCHOOL, JILLING, JAJANG, KEONJHAR

2. Book Link: PDF format https://drive.google.com/file/d/1AsrAfdgXXfDQuiZhCkmCIyQVC6HgcPMo/view?usp=drivesdk

3. LEARNING OBJECTIVES Students will be able to : Recall nutrition Distinguish between autotrophs and heterotrophs . Define and classify heterotrophic nutrition with examples. State and describe the equation of the process of photosynthesis Recognize the condition necessary for photosynthesis. Point out the ways of up taking the raw materials for photosynthesis. Explain the structure and working of stomata. Understand and explain the heterotrophic modes of nutrition in plants. Compare autotrophic mode of nutrition with that of Saprotrophic mode of nutrition. Realize the requirement of sunlight for photosynthesis by demonstration and performing experiment. Demonstrate Saprotrophic Nutrition in bread mould. Define Symbiotic Relationship. Explain the process Soil Replenishment.

4. INTRODUCTION LET’S HAVE A LOOK ON THE CONVERSATION OF TIKI AND TIKU !!! Tiki : Hello ! Tiku Tiku : Hi!! Tiki Tiki : Where are u going? Tiku : I am going to a Family function with my parents. Ohhh !!! I am so excited about the party.. I will have so much of fun , delicious food…… Tiki : Ok ! That means you are excited about the food. Tell me one thing- Why do we eat food ? Tiku : Yes I know. We Eat food to get nutrients, energy , stay fit and healty . Tiki : Do you know- What is this process of getting nutrients called? Tiku : Yes I know….It is Called NUTRITION Tiki : Yes you are correct. You Know Tomorrow our science teacher will also start this chapter in our class. We will have lots of fun… See you tomorrow in the class… Byeeeee …..

5. Nutrients The components of food like carbohydrates, fats, proteins vitamins and minerals are called nutrients. NUTRIENTS Help to provide energy to carry out life processes repair the damaged parts of their bodies Grow and build their bodies

6. Nutrition The mode of taking food by an organism and its utilization in the body is called nutrition . NUTRITION AUTOTROPHIC NUTRITION HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION Mode of nutrition in which organisms prepare their own food Mode of nutrition in which organisms cannot prepare its food and depend upon others

7. HETEROTROPHIC NUTRITION Saprotrophic Nutrition Holozoic Nutrition Parasitic Nutrition Organisms who derive their nutrition from dead and decaying matter Organisms who derive their nutrition from other living organisms and harm them Organisms who takes up complex substances and converting them into simpler forms to derive its nutrition Euglena is an organism which shows both autotrophic and heterotrophic mode of nutrition

8. Photosynthesis - Food making process in plants Photosynthesis – Photo (light) + Synthesis (to combine) Sunlight Carbon dioxide + Water Carbohydrate + Oxygen Chlorophyll Raw materials for Photosynthesis Water and minerals Carbon dioxide Sunlight Chlorophyll

9. Water and minerals : 2. Carbon dioxide Water and minerals Absorbed by the root hairs of plants Transported to the various parts of plants through VESSELS VESSELS are the long tubes that runs through out the plants and transport water and minerals Carbon Dioxide Taken up by the plant through STOMATA STOMATA are the tiny pores present on the leaf surface surrounded by GUARD CELLS

10. 3 . Sun light : Light That helps plants to Prepare their food Energy 4. Chlorophyll : Ohhhh !! That is why the process is called PHOTOsynthesis . PHOTO means LIGHT Wowww !!! So Green you are… Who Are You? I am the green color pigment present in the leaves which gives leaves its color and help it to trap the sunlight so that it can prepare the food

11. Then what about this? It is not green in color. How does it prepare its food. No no !!! You are mistaken….I have also chlorophyll. But my green color is masked due to the presence of some other pigment like red and purple. But I still can perform photosynthesis Photosynthesis is an unique process that supplies food directly or indirectly for all living organisms and also passes the energy of the sun to all organisms through plants. It also maintain the balance between Oxygen and Carbon dioxide in atmosphere.

12. CLASSROOM ACTIVITY AIM : To show that sunlight is necessary for photosynthesis MARERIALS REQUIRED : A healthy potted plant, test tube, beaker, black paper strip, watch glass, spirit(alcohol), iodine solution, bunsen burner, tripod stand PROCEDURE : Take a potted plant and Keep it in a dark room for24 hours. Then take the plant out from the dark room. Cover one leaf with the black paper strip and keep it again in sunlight for another 24 hours. Pluck the stripped leaf from the plant and put it on a watch glass then boil it in water followed by boiling in alcohol on bunsen burner. Then take out the leaf from the test tube to a watch glass, remove the black strip and add few drop of iodine solution to it. OBSERVATION : The leaf turns blue black except the stripped potion. CONCLUSION : This shows that sunlight is necessary for photosynthesis as the starch portion of the leaf turns blue black due to photosynthesis performed in the unstripped portion of leaf.

13. Product of Photosynthesis 1. Carbon 2. Oxygen 3. Hydrogen 4. Nitrogen Carbohydrate (Glucose) Initial product of Photosynthesis Starch Indicates the occurrence of Photosynthesis Now, Where does this NITROGEN come from Nitrogen is present in air that plant cannot use it directly. Some bacteria ( Rhizobium ) convert gaseous nitrogen into its usable and soluble form in the soil so that root can uptake it from soil

14. Other modes of nutrition in plants Parasitic nutrition Cuscuta Plant ( Amarbel ) So clever this plant is !! Cuscuta – A yellowish thread like structure without leaves Grow on other living plant - HOST Hence called PARASITE Derive its nutrition from other living organisms and causes harm to them That results in poor growth of the host plant

15. 2. Insectivorous Plant Pitcher Plant Insectivorous plant feed on insects The leaf of the pitcher plant gets modified to form a pitcher with a lid Pitcher Lid Lined with downward pointing hair and secrets digestive juice Able to open and close the mouth of pitcher When any insect enters into the pitcher, gets trapped inside it and digested by the digestive juices and the plant derive nutrition from it POOR INSECT !!!

16. 3. Saprotrophic Nutrition Rhizopus (Bread Mould) Agaricus (Mushroom) Derives Nutrition from dead and decayed matter Performs Extracellular Digestion Absorbs the digested food directly into the body EXTRCELLULAR DIGESTION ??? The type of digestion in which The food is being digested outside the body and absorbed by the organisms.

17. Hey!!! I am back with my doubt bank… Why do the Pitcher Plant Feed on Insect. As these plants grow on swap areas and lack nitrogen in soil, so it feeds on insects to fulfill its nitrogen requirement. REMEMBER : Nitrogen is very important for plant growth Dodder plant derive its nutrition from other plants. How does it do so? Dodder plant sucks its nutrition from the host plant as it has sucking roots. I saw some yellow patches on the leaf of variegated plant. What does that indicate? The yellow patches on the leaves indicates the absence of chlorophyll in that portion where photosynthesis doe not occur

18. CLASSROOM ACTIVITY AIM : To observe the fungus bread mould in bread. MATERIALS REQUIRED : A slice of bread, water, magnifying glass PROCEDURE : Take a piece of bread and moisten it with water. Leave it in a warm place for 2 – 3 days till fluffy patches appear on them. Observe the patches under a magnifying glass or microscope. Cotton like threads are seen on the bread. OBSERVATION : Some black –white patches with cotton like threads are observed. CONCLUSION : The white patches are Bread mould ( Rhizopus ). Bread mould is a saprotroph . Saprotrophs get their food from dead and decaying organic matter https://youtu.be/TUOUE3YLVuQ

19. 3. Symbiotic Relationship : A relationship in which two organisms live in a close association and develop a relationship that is beneficial to both. LICHEN Simple !!! It has Chlorophyll A close association between An Alga A Fungus Prepares food by photosynthesis Absorbs water and provide shelter Yes I have seen LICHEN – they are found on the bark of tree as grey patches But I have a doubt…How this Alga can prepare food ?

20. LEGUMINOUS PLANT WITH ROOT NODULES A close association between A Bacterium ( Rhizobium Root of Leguminous Plant Fixes Atmospheric Nitrogen and make it available in the soil in its usable and soluble form Provides food and Shelter to the Bacterium WoW !! This Bacteria are so helpful… Thank you Rhizobium

21. REPLENISHMENT OF SOIL REPLENISHING THE SOIL WHAT HOW WHY To enrich the soil with different types of nutrients Process of giving the lost nutrients from the soil 1 . Decomposition of dead parts of the organisms 2. Bacteria like Rhizobium 3. Adding Manures and Fertilizers

22. WAYS OF REPLENISHING THE SOIL Decomposition of dead parts of the organisms Adding Manures and Fertilizers Bacteria like Rhizobium Decomposition of dead plant parts add give the nutrients back to soil that is up taken by the plants from the soil Manures and fertilizers contain one or more of the nutrients that plants need to grow Fixes the atmospheric nitrogen and make it available for the plants in the soil in its usable form

23. ART INTEGRATED SCIENCE PARTS OF LEAF – STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION DURING PHOTOSYNTHESIS

24. ART INTEGRATED SCIENCE CYCLE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS TREE DIAGRAM SHOWING NUTRIENT CYCLE -REPLENISHING THE SOIL

25. CONCEPT MAP ON NUTRITION IN PLANTS NUTRITION IN PLANTS PLANTS NUTRITION Autotrophs Can synthesize their food PHOTOSYNTHESIS Process of making food in plants Products Essential requirements Substances Used Minerals Carbon Dioxide Water Chlorophyll Sunlight Oxygen Carbohydrates Utilized by organisms for survival MODES OF NUTRITION Other modes Heterotrophic Autotrophic All the Green Plants Can prepare their own food Animals, non-green plant, fungi Obtain food from other organisms Symbiotic Insectivores Saprotrophs Parasites

26. LEARNING OUTCOMES Learners now able to : Differentiate between different modes of nutrition . Cite example for different modes of nutrition. State and Explain the equation of Photosynthesis. Elaborate the role of sunlight and chlorophyll in the process of Photosynthesis Point out the way of taking water and Carbon dioxide into the leaf. Define stomata along with its role. Compare different types of heterotrophic nutrition. Realize the role of microorganisms in soil. Understand the symbiotic relationship in lichen and Leguminous plants Understand the process of extracellular digestion in saprotrophs . Identify the formation of bread mould and the condition required for its growth. Identify the structure of bread mould and recognize its parts. Define keywords like parasite and host.

27. WORKSHEET –I (BASIC) A. FILL IN THE BLANKS [1 MARK EACH] Green plants are called ___________ since they synthesize their own food. The food synthesized by the plants is stored as _______________. In photo synthesis solar energy is captured by the pigment called _________. During photo synthesis plants take __________ and release __________. Farmers enrich the soil by adding ___________ and _____________. Plants ate unable to use atmospheric ______________. During photosynthesis, ____________ energy is captured by the leaves and stored as food. The food factories factories of the autotrophic plants are their______________. ____________ is an organism which shows both autotrophic and heterotrophic mode of nutrition. Carbon dioxide is absorbed by the plant through an opening called _____________. Rhizobium bacteria lives in the roots of ______________. The tube like structure that transport the food in plants are called ______________. Light energy is converted to chemical energy during the process of ______________. Carbohydrate is made up of ____________, ______________ and _______________.

28. 15. The initial product of carbohydrate is _______________. 16. The Parasitic plant has ___________ type of roots. 17. Some organisms live together and share shelter and nutrients. This is called ______________. 18. The organism on which a parasite grows is called ________________. 19. In insectivorous plants the leaf is modified in to a _________________. 20. The process of obtaining and utilizing food is called ______________. 21. Leguminous plant Fix the nitrogen by forming ________________. 22. . _____________ is used to test the presence of starch. 23. The tiny pores on leaves are surrounded by ______________. 24. An essential raw material needed for the process of photosynthesis, available in the atmosphere is _____________. 25. ____________ energy is ultimate source of energy. B. CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION [1 MARK EACH] 26. Lichen is a close association between (a) A bacterium and an algae (b) A bacterium and Fungus (c) A fungus and an algae (d) A fungus and Parasite 27. Amarbel is an example of; (a) Host (b) Parasite (c) Symbiont (d) Saprotroph

29. Which of the following statement is not true? (a) Heterotrophs cannot prepare their own food. (b) Dodder is an example of parasite. (c) Saprophytes care green. (d) Pulses and Beans are legumes. Iodine used to detect presence of starch. It gives starch; (a) red color (b) green color (c) blue-black color (d) colorless appearance 30. Which of the following is not an end product of photosynthesis? (a) Oxygen (b) Carbon dioxide (c) Water (d) Glucose 31. Which of the following organisms gets its food from dead and decaying matter? (a) Algae (b) Amoeba (c) Fungi (d) Insectivorous plants 32. Photosynthesis is not possible in the absence of , (a) Guard cells (b) Vacuole (c) Space between the cells (d) Chlorophyll

30. WORKSHEET –II (STANDARD) ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. Differentiate between Autotrophs and Heterotrophs . with example(s). [2] Explain the role of Chlorophyll in the process of Photosynthesis. [2] Define Photosynthesis along with equation for the same. [2] There are some yellow patches found on some variegated leaves. Give reason. [2] Some plants feed on insect. Why? [2] Name the Products of photosynthesis. [2] Name the raw materials required for photosynthesis. [2] Manures and Fertilizers are added to enrich the soil. Justify the statement. [2] Define extracellular digestion. Name the Group of organisms performing such type of digestion. [2] Mention the role of Leguminous plants in replenishing the soil Fertility. [3] Show with a help of a sketch that plants are the ultimate source of energy. [3] Write down the way of transportation of water and mineral in plant body. [3] Point out the way of availability of nitrogen in soil. [3] Whether food is made in all parts of a plant or only in certain parts? Explain. [3] Explain, how Decomposition of Dead plant part helps in replenishing the soil. [3] Define Lichen. It is considered as a symbiotic relationship. Justify. [3]

31. 17. Explain the different types of heterotrohic modes of nutrition with examples. [3] 18. Dodder plant is considered as a parasitic plant. Justify. [3] 19. Mention and explain various method of replenishing the soil. [3] 20. Explain the process of Saprotrophic nutrition in bread mould. [3]

32. WORKSHEET –III (ADVANCED ) Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growth. But farmers who cultivate pulsed as crops like green gram, bengal gram, black gram etc., do not apply nitrogen fertilizers during cultivation. Justify the statement. [2] Pooja is worried about her new shoes which she wore on special occasions that they were spoiled by fungus during rainy season. Is she right to worry, if yes then tell why does fungi suddenly appears during the rainy season. [2] If a few leaves of a potted plant are coated with a thin layer of vaseline or oil, what effect would it have on leaves? [2] A herbivore animal eats away all the leaves of a small plant. However, in a few days, new leaves could be seen sprouting in the plant again. How did the plant survive without leaves? [2] Heterotroph animlals eats both plants and animals . Why? [2] Wild animals like tiger, wolf, lion, and leopard do not eat plants. Does this mean that they can survive without plants. Provide a suitable explanation. [3] If we provide carbon dioxide, water and sunlight to a person, can he make food like plants. Justify your answer. [3] 8. Wheat dough if left in the open, after few days, starts to emit a foul smell and become unfit for use. Give reason. [3] Potato and Ginger are both underground parts that store food. Where is the food prepared in these plants. [3] “Both deer and Lion depend on plants.” Explain the statement. [3]

33. MODEL QUESTION PAPER Class – VII F.M.- 25 Sub – Science Time – 45 minutes General Instruction : All questions are compulsory. Question paper consists of 12 questions. Question no. 1 – 5 is MCQs Type carrying 1 mark each Question no. 6 – 8 and 9-11 are Short Answer Type Questions carrying 2marks and 3 marks respectively. Question no.12 is Long Answer Type Question carrying 5 mark. Which of the following is a parasite ? Mushroom (b) Dodder (c) Rhizobium (d) Pitcher plant The gas that is released by the plants in the process of Photosynthesis is – Oxygen (b) Nitrogen (c) Carbon dioxide (d) Hydrogen 3. The mode of nutrition in which organisms make food themselves from simpler substances is called – (a) Saprotrophic Nutrition (b) Parasitic nutrition (c) Autotrophic Nutrition (d) Holozoic Nutrition

34. 4. Rhizobium bacteria fixes nitrogen in which part of the leguminous Plant- Root (b) Stem (c) Leaves (d) Flower The Raw material used for Photosynthesis are – Carbon dioxide and water (b) Water and Oxygen (c) Carbon dioxide and Oxygen (d) Oxygen and Nitrogen 6. Some plants have deep red, violet or brow coloured leaves. Can these leaves perform photosynthesis ? Justify your Answer. 7. Differentiate between Saprotroph and Parasite with one example each. 8. Mention the Role of Stomata in leaves. Also Write down its regulation. 9. Point out the importance of Photosynthesis for living world. (3 points) In what unique manner Pitcher plant derives its nutrition. Elaborate Symbiotic Relationship with one example. 12. (a) Define Replenishment of soil. (b) State the reason that why, the soil needs to be replenished. (c) Mention and explain various method of replenishing the soil.

35. MARKING SCHEME SL. NO. ANSWER KEY / VALUE POINTS MARKS ALLOTED 1 (b) Dodder 1 2 (a) Oxygen 1 3 (c) Autotrophic Nutrition 1 4 (a) Root 1 5 (a)Carbon dioxide and water 1 6 Yes, plants having deep red, violet or brown color leaves can also carry out photosynthesis because they contain chlorophyll but their green color of chlorophyll is masked by a large amount of all other colored pigments. 2 7 Saprotroph The organisms those who derive their nutrition from dead and decayed matter are called saprotrophs . Ex - Mushroom Parasite The organisms those who derive their nutrition from other living organisms and harm them are called Parasites. Ex - Dodder 2

36. SL. NO. ANSWER KEY / VALUE POINTS MARKS ALLOTED 8 Stomata are the tiny pores present on the leaf surface and responsible for gaseous exchange i.e. it allows the Carbon dioxide to move into the leaf Oxygen to move out of the leaf during Photosynthesis. It is regulated by Guard cells. 1+1=2 9 Being the autotrophs plants manufactures food for the living world. It maintains a balance between Carbon dioxide and Oxygen in atmosphere It is important for the existence of life on earth. 1+1+1=3 10 Pitcher plant has a leaf modified into a pitcher with a lid which can open and close. The pitcher has downward pointing hair and it also secrets digestive juices in it. When the prey enter into the pitcher, gets trapped in it an digested by the digestive juice present in the pitcher. 3 11 A relationship in which two organisms live in a close association and develop a relationship that is beneficial to both. Lichen : Association between an alga (That prepares food) and fungus (that provides shelter) 1+2=3 12 Process of enriching the soil with the lost nutrients Due to continuous use of nutrients by the plants for their growth causes lack of nutrients in soil Decomposition of dead part of plants, Adding manures and fertilizers, with the help of Rhizobium 1+1+3=5

37. THANK YOU